JP4980304B2 - Solar house - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a structure of a building that effectively uses solar energy.

A technology for improving the comfort and energy saving of a house by utilizing natural energy effectively is known. In particular, solar houses that use solar energy to generate power, hot water, and the like are known. Such a house using natural energy is desirable in that it has an effect of reducing environmental load such as reduction of CO ₂ emission.

  Patent document 1 shows an example of the solar system house using solar energy. The solar system house includes a solar heat collecting part provided on the roof, a heat collecting duct communicating with the solar heat collecting part, and a handling box connected to the heat collecting duct. Inside the handling box are a backflow prevention damper that prevents backflow toward the heat collecting duct, a flow path switching damper that switches communication between the falling duct and the exhaust duct that opens to the outside, and these backflow prevention dampers. And a heat collecting fan provided between the first and second flow path switching dampers. A DC (direct current) motor is used as a drive motor for the heat collecting fan of the handling box, and a solar battery and a storage battery connected to the solar battery are connected as a power source.

Reference examples 2 and 3 are given as reference examples.
JP 2002-235955 A JP-A-9-184209 Japanese Patent No. 2699301

A solar house that can use solar energy with higher efficiency is desired.
In addition, a technique for improving the efficiency of the solar house by simple means is desired.

  In the following, means for solving the problem will be described using the numbers used in [Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention] in parentheses. These numbers are added to clarify the correspondence between the description of [Claims] and [Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention]. However, these numbers should not be used to interpret the technical scope of the invention described in [Claims].

  The solar house according to the present invention includes a hybrid system that combines a passive solar system and photovoltaic power generation.

  The solar house according to the present invention includes a solar cell panel (4) that is disposed with a gap having a predetermined width with respect to the upper surface of the roof (2) and forms an air flow path (6) between the upper surface and the roof. . The flow path (6) communicates with outside air on the eaves side. The solar house is further arranged in the flow path (6) and has a rectifying member (32) having a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the eaves line, and a heat collecting unit that is connected to the ridge side end of the flow path (6) and accumulates air. A chamber (12) and a falling duct (20) connecting the heat collecting chamber (12) and the underfloor (24) are provided.

  In the solar house according to the present invention, a silicon-based or compound semiconductor-based solar cell can be used as the solar cell panel (4). The solar cell panel (4) is particularly preferably a tandem type in which an amorphous semiconductor power generation layer and a microcrystalline semiconductor power generation layer are laminated.

  In the solar house according to the present invention, the air in the air path having the flow path (6) as the upstream, the heat collection chamber (12), and the underfloor (24) as the downstream via the falling duct (20) is further downstream. It is desirable to include a blower (10, 19) to be sent to the power supply and a wiring system for supplying the power generated by the solar battery panel (4) to the equipment and the blower used in the solar house.

  In the solar house according to the present invention, the air in the air path having the flow path (6) as the upstream, the heat collection chamber (12), and the underfloor (24) as the downstream via the falling duct (20) is further downstream. And a power conversion unit that converts the power generated by the solar panel (4) into the same characteristics as a public power source that supplies an alternating current to the solar house and links the power to the public power source. Prepare. It is also desirable to add another solar panel (34) that generates the power to drive the blower (10, 19).

  The solar house according to the present invention preferably further includes a flow rate adjusting member (36) for variably adjusting the flow rate of air flowing from the flow path (6) into the heat collecting chamber (12).

  The solar house according to the present invention further has a transparent member forming a heat collection box flow path through which air flows between the upper surface and the heat collection box (38) provided on the ridge side with respect to the solar cell panel (4). It is desirable to provide. In this case, the heat collection chamber (12) is connected to the flow path (6) via the heat collection box flow path.

  The solar house according to the present invention further includes a solar ventilation box (16) disposed at the top of the solar house, having an internal space surrounded by a transparent member, and having an opening communicating with the outside atmosphere. It is desirable. In this case, the heat collection chamber (12) and the internal space of the solar ventilation box are connected via a valve (15) that can be opened and closed.

  The present invention provides a solar house that can utilize solar energy with higher efficiency. Moreover, the technique which improves the efficiency of a solar house by a simple means is provided.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  In the solar house in the present embodiment, a tandem solar cell is used. A tandem solar cell is formed by stacking a solar power generation layer formed of an amorphous semiconductor and a solar power generation layer formed of a microcrystalline semiconductor. The tandem solar cell is relatively low cost, but has high cost performance as described below.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave that a typical tandem solar cell uses for power generation. The thin-film (amorphous) power generation layer generates power using sunlight in a relatively short wavelength region. On the other hand, the microcrystalline power generation layer generates power using sunlight in a wavelength region having a longer wavelength as a peak. Since these tandem solar cells are stacked, solar energy can be converted into electric energy with high efficiency except for a region having a longer wavelength than a certain extent.

  However, it is difficult to convert solar energy into high-efficiency electric energy with a general tandem solar cell in a somewhat long wavelength region (a region near 900 nm in FIG. 1). In the present embodiment, a highly efficient solar house is realized by providing means for effectively using solar energy in the long wavelength region.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the solar house in the present embodiment. The solar house includes a roof material 2 that forms an inclined roof. A solar cell 4 is installed on the roofing material 2. The solar cell 4 is disposed through a gap having a predetermined width with respect to the upper surface of the roofing material 2. The solar cell 4 is one in which panel-like tandem solar cell modules are spread in a predetermined power generation region. The power generation area extends, for example, to the vicinity of the roof eaves. More preferably, the power generation area covers most of the area between the south facing roof eave and the heat collection chamber that slopes down to the south. The electric power generated by the solar cell 4 is supplied to the living space 30 and the like via a wiring system and a power conversion device for linking with a commercial power source.

  An air flow path 6 through which air flows is formed by a gap between the upper surface of the roofing material 2 and the lower surface of the solar cell 4. The air flow path 6 is closed at the end in the eave line direction. An air inlet 8 is formed at the end of the air flow path 6 on the eaves side. The extension of the air inlet 8 in the eave line direction is desirably at least as long as the extension of the power generation region in the eave line direction. The air inlet 8 is provided with a bird net that prevents entry of birds.

  The air flow path 6 is connected to the heat collection chamber 12 on the ridge side. The heat collection chamber 12 forms a space for buffering air supplied from the air flow path 6 in the vicinity of the roof of the solar house. The heat collection chamber 12 is connected to the heat exchanger 14 directly or by a duct. Part of the heat of the air collected in the heat collection chamber 12 can be used for the purpose of heating water through the heat exchanger 14.

  A solar ventilation box 16 is installed on the heat collection chamber 12, that is, near the top of the solar house. The solar ventilation box 16 has an internal space for storing air. The internal space is connected to the heat collection chamber 12 via the switching valve 15. The forced exhaust fan 10 is used when the natural ventilation of the solar ventilation box 16 is weak. The solar ventilation box 16 is a greenhouse formed by a heat insulating material on the floor surface side and a frame and a transparent member (glass plate) supported by the frame except for the floor surface. Convert to thermal energy of air in space.

  The solar ventilation box 16 has an opening 17 that communicates with the outside atmosphere. The solar ventilation box 16 further has an air introduction path communicating with the interior of the living space 30. A dedicated duct may be provided as the air introduction path.

  The heat collection chamber 12 is connected to the falling duct 20 via the switching valve 18. The falling duct 20 is a duct extending in the vertical direction, and connects the heat collection chamber 12 and the underfloor 24. A fan 19 is installed at an appropriate location to collect air from the air flow path 6 of the roof to the heat collecting chamber 12 and guide the air through the falling duct 20 to the underfloor 24.

  The underfloor 24 is a space formed under the floor of the living space 30 of the solar house. The underfloor 24 is formed of a member having a large heat storage capacity such as a concrete floor at the bottom. Further, a heat storage material 26 having a large heat storage capacity is disposed under the floor 24. The air accumulated in the underfloor 24 is supplied to the living space 30 through the ventilation openings 28 provided in the floor 22.

  The heat storage material 26 is, for example, a concrete lump. It is desirable that each of the heat storage materials 26 is a heat storage material that is independently placed on a cart with casters so that the arrangement can be easily changed according to the characteristics of the air circulation and temperature distribution under the floor.

  FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the roof of the solar house. For convenience of explanation, a state in which some modules of the solar cell 4 in the power generation region are removed is illustrated. A rectifying plate 32 is provided in the air flow path 6. The rectifying plate 32 is formed so that the air flow direction of the air flow path 6 is aligned from the eaves side to the ridge side. For example, the rectifying plate 32 extends in a direction perpendicular to the eaves line of the roof as a longitudinal direction, and divides the space between the upper surface of the roof material 2 and the lower surface of the solar cell 4 into a plurality of sections in the eave line direction. It is a member.

  In the solar house having the above configuration, air having a low temperature outside the solar house is introduced into the air flow path 6 from the air introduction port 8 during the daytime in summer. This introduction is performed in a natural circulation through the solar ventilation box by moving from the eaves side to the building side by convection based on the air inside the air flow path 6 being heated by the heat supplied from the sun. . The amount of air introduced from the air inlet 8 may be increased by additionally installing the fan 10.

  The energy of the sunlight irradiating the roof is converted into electric energy by the solar cells 4 and 34. Among these, the electric energy of the solar cell 34 is used as a power source for driving the fans 10 and 19. When the fans 10 and 19 driven by a DC power source are employed, they can be driven using the power of the solar cell 4 without necessarily performing DC / AC conversion. This electrical energy is further converted into desired characteristics for use by residents. Typically, it is converted into electric power having the same characteristics as the commercial power source and used in conjunction with the commercial power source.

  The tandem solar cell 4 has a small amount of absorption of sunlight in a wavelength region centered on infrared rays. Therefore, it is possible to supply the energy of solar rays centering on infrared rays to the air flow path 6. This energy raises the temperature of the air flowing through the air flow path 6. The air whose temperature has risen is supplied to the heat collection chamber 12.

  Air around the solar house is continuously supplied to the air flow path 6 from the end on the eaves side. This air cools the lower surface of the solar cell 4. Therefore, a decrease in power generation efficiency due to an increase in the operating temperature of the solar cell 4 is suppressed.

  The rectifying plate 32 allows the inflowing air to flow uniformly over the entire roof. In particular, the flow of natural circulation generated by the temperature difference between the eaves and the building increases. Therefore, a large amount of warmed air can be supplied to the heat collection chamber 12. Further, the effect of cooling the solar cell 4 is improved. Moreover, even when the temperature difference between the eaves side and the building side is small, air can be guided to the building side by natural circulation.

  The heat of the air accumulated in the heat collection chamber 12 heats the water via the heat exchanger 14 to generate hot water. This hot water is used for hot water supply.

  The air in the heat collection chamber 12 is supplied to the underfloor 24 by the fan 19. The warm air supplied to the underfloor 24 warms the concrete that forms the bottom of the underfloor 24 and the heat storage material 26 placed under the underfloor 24, and heat is accumulated in the underfloor 24. This accumulated heat warms the floor 22. The air under the floor 24 is supplied to the living space 30 through the ventilation openings 28 to warm the living space 30.

  The solar house preferably further has a mechanism for supplying the heat of the solar ventilation box 16 under the floor. In this case, by switching the switching valve 15, the heated air inside the solar ventilation box 16 is supplied to the underfloor 24 via the falling duct 20, further enhancing the heating effect.

  During summer daytime, outside air introduced from the air inlet 8 passes through the air flow path 6 and is supplied to the heat collection chamber 12. The switching valve 18 that connects the heat collecting chamber 12 and the falling duct 20 is closed. Warmed air is released from the heat collection chamber 12 to the outside air by opening a switching valve (not shown). The forced exhaust fan 10 is used when the natural ventilation of the solar ventilation box 16 is weak. Since overheating of the roofing material 2 is suppressed by the air flow in the air flow path 6, solar heat entering the living space 30 is reduced.

  During the summer night, the temperature of the roof on which the solar cells 4 are placed is lowered by radiative cooling. The outside air introduced from the air introduction port 8 is cooled in the air flow path 6 and supplied to the underfloor 24 via the heat collection chamber 12 and the falling duct 20. Therefore, cold heat is stored in the floor 24.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a roof of a solar house in a modification of the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a corresponding plan view (viewed from above in the vertical direction). In this modification, a heat collection box 38 is further provided. The heat collection box 38 is arranged on the ridge side of the power generation region of the solar cell 4 (downstream side in the main flow direction of air in the air flow path 6). In the heat collection box 38, a member (glass or the like) that is transparent in a wide wavelength region with respect to sunlight is disposed on the same plane as the solar cell 4. Between the transparent member and the roof material 2, an air flow path connected to the air flow path 6 between the solar cell 4 and the roof material 2 is formed. The heat collection chamber 12 is connected to an air flow path 6 formed by a gap between the solar cell 4 and the roof material 2 via a heat collection box 38. Between the heat collecting chamber 12 and the heat collecting box 38, a rectifying plate 36 is installed by a flange. The rectifying plate 36 is a flow rate adjusting member that variably adjusts the flow rate of air flowing into the heat collection chamber 12. The air flow path 6 is provided with a rectifying plate 32 similar to that shown in FIG. The rectifying plate 32 is preferably extended to the inside of the heat collection box 38.

  In this modified example, in addition to the solar cell 4 that forms the air flow path 6, a fan that supplies air to the heat collection chamber 12, the underfloor 24, and the like exemplified by the fans 10 and 19 in FIG. 2 is driven. Another solar cell 34 for generating electric power is installed. Although it is possible to use the power of the main solar cell 4 shown in FIG. 2 for such applications, it is also preferable to provide a separate solar cell 34. In this case, the electric power generated by the solar cell 4 is converted into AC power having the same characteristics as that of the commercial power source, and used as a power source for the air conditioning of the living space 30 and home appliances. On the other hand, the solar cell 34 is used as a DC power source for a fan driven by a DC motor. Dividing the power supply in this way improves the independence of air circulation based on the natural energy of the solar house.

  FIG. 6 is a plan view of the current plate 36 (viewed from above in the vertical direction while being fixed to the heat collection box 38 and the heat collection chamber 12). The rectifying plate 36 includes a substrate and a rectifying blade 40 that can rotate around an axis 40 perpendicular to the substrate. The substrate is fixed in parallel to the roofing material 2. A plurality of rectifying blades 40 are arranged side by side in the ridge line direction. The rectifying blade 40 does not rotate depending on the air supplied from the air flow path 6 and is attached to the shaft 42 with such a hardness that the angle around the shaft can be manually adjusted.

  In such a solar house, the opening degree of the flow path of the circulating air can be adjusted by adjusting the angle around the shaft 42 of the rectifying blade 40 of the rectifying plate 36. As a result, the amount of circulating air supplied to the heat collection chamber 12 can be adjusted. When a large amount of circulating air is required, the opening of the rectifying plate 36 is adjusted to be large. When a small amount of circulating air having a higher temperature is required, the opening of the rectifying plate 36 is adjusted to be small. In this way, the circulating air can be easily adjusted according to the environmental conditions where the solar house is installed, seasonal variations, and the needs of residents.

  FIG. 7 shows a hot water supply mechanism using the heat of air accumulated in the heat collection chamber 12. The warm air accumulated in the internal space of the heat collection chamber 12 is supplied to the high temperature side flow path of the heat exchanger 44 by the fan 19. A heat medium such as water is supplied to the low temperature side flow path of the heat exchanger 44. The heat medium is supplied to the high temperature side flow path of the heat exchanger 52 installed in the first tank 46. The heat medium circulated between the first tank 46 and the heat exchanger 44 by the circulation pump 54 forms a primary circulation system. Water is supplied from the water supply pipe 50 to the internal space of the first tank 46. Heat of the heat medium of the primary circulation system is supplied to this water via the heat exchanger 52.

  Water in the internal space of the first tank 46 is supplied to the second tank 48 via an electromagnetic valve whose opening degree is controlled in response to an electrical signal from the outside. The second tank 48 is a heat pump water heater tank. When the use of the hot water supply function is started according to the operation of the resident or the timer setting, the electromagnetic valve is controlled in response to the start, and the hot water in the first tank 46 is supplied to the second tank 48. When the temperature of the water in the second tank 46 is low when using midnight power, the heat pump operates in response to the temperature, and the temperature of the hot water supplied from the second tank 48 is automatically within a predetermined temperature range. Keeped.

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave that a typical tandem solar cell uses for power generation. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the solar house. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the roof of the solar house. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the roof of the solar house. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the roof of the solar house. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the current plate. FIG. 7 shows a hot water supply mechanism.

Explanation of symbols

2 Roofing Material 4 Solar Cell 6 Air Flow Path 7 Inlet 8 Air Inlet 10 Fan 12 Heat Collection Chamber 14 Heat Exchanger 16 Solar Ventilation Box 17 Opening 18 Switching Valve 19 Fan 20 Falling Duct 22 Floor 24 Under Floor 26 Heat Storage Material 28 Ventilation hole 30 Living space 32 Rectifier plate 34 Solar cell (for fan)
36 Rectifier plate 38 Heat collection box 40 Rectifier blade 42 Shaft 44 Heat exchanger 46 First tank 48 Second tank 50 Water supply pipe 52 Heat exchanger 54 Circulation pump

Claims (8)

A solar panel,
With a passive solar system,
The solar cell is disposed through a gap having a predetermined width with respect to the upper surface of the roof, and forms a flow path of air between the upper surface, and the flow path communicates with outside air on the eaves side,
The passive solar system is
A rectifying member disposed in the flow path and extending in a direction perpendicular to the eaves line as a longitudinal direction;
A heat collection chamber connected to the ridge side end of the flow path and storing air;
A falling duct connecting the heat collecting chamber and the underfloor,
Furthermore, the solar house is disposed at the top of the solar house, has an internal space surrounded by a transparent member, and has a solar ventilation box having an opening communicating with the outside atmosphere.
A solar house, wherein the heat collection chamber and the internal space of the solar ventilation box are connected via an openable / closable valve. A solar house according to claim 1,
The solar cell panel is a tandem in which an amorphous semiconductor power generation layer and a microcrystalline semiconductor power generation layer are stacked, or a silicon-based or compound semiconductor-based solar house. A solar house according to claim 1 or 2,
Furthermore, the blower that sends the air in the path having the flow path upstream, the heat collection chamber, and the downstream under the floor through the falling duct to the downstream side,
The solar house which comprises the wiring system which supplies the electric power which the said solar cell panel produced | generated to the apparatus used in the said solar house, and the said air blower. A solar house according to claim 1 or 2,
Furthermore, the blower that sends the air in the path having the flow path upstream, the heat collection chamber, and the downstream under the floor through the falling duct to the downstream side,
A power converter that converts the power generated by the solar cell panel into the same characteristics as a public power source that supplies an alternating current to the solar house and links the public power source;
A solar house comprising: another solar cell panel that generates electric power for driving the blower. A solar house according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Furthermore, the solar house which comprises the flow volume adjustment member which adjusts the flow volume of the air which flows into the said heat collection chamber from the said flow path variably. A solar house according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Furthermore, it comprises a heat collection box provided on the ridge side with respect to the solar cell panel having a transparent member that forms a heat collection box flow path through which air flows between the upper surface,
The solar heat collection chamber is connected to the flow path through the heat collection box flow path. A solar house according to claim 1,
Furthermore, the solar house provided with the flow volume adjustment member which is installed between the said heat collection chamber and the said flow path, and variably adjusts the flow volume of the air which flows in into the said heat collection chamber from the said flow path. A solar house according to claim 7,
The flow regulating member partitions the flow path into a plurality of sections in the eaves direction,
Air in the flow path flows from each of the plurality of compartments into the heat collection chamber.

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