JP4896199B2 - 電気検出に基づいた幹細胞分化測定用センサー - Google Patents
電気検出に基づいた幹細胞分化測定用センサー Download PDFInfo
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Description
まず、(a)電極及び(b)アルカリホスファターゼの基質を含む幹細胞分化測定用センサーを準備する。
その後、分化有無を確認したい分析対象幹細胞を前記センサーに接触する。
未分化幹細胞に存在するアルカリホスファターゼによりその基質は、脱リン酸化されて変換されて、変換された物質は、変換前と全く異なる電気化学的特性を示し、これをサイクリックボルタンメトリーを利用して測定する。
実験材料
1−ナフチルホスフェート及びPBS(phosphate buffered saline)(PH 7.4, 10mM)溶液をSigma Aldrichから購入した。本発明の実施例に利用される他のあらゆる化学物質は、試薬級(Reagent grade)を購入して利用した。
J1細胞及びマウス胚芽幹(MES)細胞を、37℃、5%CO2で、15%FBS、1mMのナトリウムピルベート、10-4Mの2−メルカプトエタノール、1x非必須アミノ酸及び1,000U/mlのLIF(leukemia inhibitory factor)で補充されたDMEM(Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium)で培養した。EB形成は、知られた方法により、J1 ES細胞をもって行った(13)。ES細胞(2×106個)をLIF無しに10%FBSを含むDMEMのbacterial-gradeペトリディッシュにシーディングした。懸濁培養2日後、EBを収集して、トリプシンを処理した。同一培地を含む0.2%ゼラチンコーティング6ウェルプレートに総1.37×106個の細胞をreplateした。細胞の数は、三日後に測定した。
培養チャンバとして、一辺の長さが2mmである正方形チャンバを利用した。金を作業電極(CHI101)、Ag/AgClを基準電極(CHI111)、そして白金を相対電極(CHI115)として利用した。新鮮な培養培地と共に注入して、知られた細胞密度でJ1細胞をチャンバに移した。細胞数は、トリパンブルー溶液で染色した後、ヘマサイトメーターを利用して測定した。
サイクリックボルタンメトリー(cyclic voltammetry, CV)実験は、一般の電気化学システムソフトウェアにより制御されるCHI660Aマシーンを利用して行った。三−電極システムは、作業電極として金、相対電極として白金線、及び基準電極としてAg/AgClセルから構成されてデザインされた。1−NP及び分化マーカーのアルカリホスファターゼ間の相互作用によるマウス胚芽幹細胞の分化を検出するだけではなく、MES細胞の電気的特性を研究するために測定を行った。PBS(10mM、pH7.4)を0.1V/sのスキャン速度で電解質として利用した。実験前に、培養培地を除去し、PBSを含む1−NPをチャンバに注入した。緩衝液を変えた15分後に実験を始めて、37℃及び5%CO2で測定条件を維持した。
アルカリホスファターゼ(AP)染色免疫分析キットをSigma-Aldrichから購入した。まず、固定溶液(シトレート−アセトン−ホルムアルデヒド)を利用して細胞を固定した。細胞固定後、暗室でナトリウムニトレート、FRV−アルカリ溶液及びナフトールAS−BIアルカリ溶液を含むアルカリ−染色薬混合物を前記細胞に添加して15分間染色した。最終的に、ヘマトキシリン(hematoxylin)溶液を利用して、前記細胞を対照染色(counterstaining)した。
1−ナフチルホスフェートの電気的信号検出
以下のような方法により1−NP信号を定量化した。
10mM PBSの電解質溶液において1−NP濃度は、1μMから5mMまでの範囲にした(図2(a)及び(b))。図2(a)は、1−NPの電気化学的特性を示す。ピークは、0.1V周囲で観察されて、1−NPの濃度が減少するにつれて、電位は陰の電圧値に徐々に変化した。図2(b)は、1−NPピーク電流及び1−NP濃度間の直接線形関係を示す。線形回帰分析は、サイクリックボルタンメトリーを利用して、電気化学的定量方法の信頼度を立証するために行った(R2=0.9543)。このような結果は、1−NPがサイクリックボルタンメトリー分析により定量化され得ることを示す。
1−NPをMES細胞の基質に含ませることにより、1−NPに対する脱リン酸化作用によりアルカリホスファターゼ(胚芽幹細胞マーカー)を追跡することができる。解離された1−NPが1−ナフトールに変化される場合、1−NPを検出するために設定された境界条件(Boundary conditions)により1−ナフトールが見えられない時、電気的信号において相応する変化が発生する。前記1−NPが注入された15分後に検出を行った。図3(a)は、1−NP添加後、MES細胞の電気化学的特性を示す。全体電位は、陽の方向に僅かに変化したが、還元ピーク電流は、MES細胞の濃度が増加する方向に減少した。このような電位の変化は、多様な物質を有する培地を含むことができるからであると判断される。線形プロットは図3(b)に示して、線形回帰分析(linear regression analysis)は、R2値、0.9419で示した。このような結果は、細胞数及び1−NPにおいて推定されるCV還元電流ピーク間によい相関関係を示す。
MES細胞の分化を検出するために、未分化MES細胞及び分化MES細胞の電気化学的信号を比較した。細胞の各群は、特定細胞数で培養チャンバに接種した。未分化されたMES細胞は、分化されたMES細胞よりよく接着して成長するため、未分化されたMES細胞に対し、分化された細胞を二倍として接種した。
MES細胞生存率または分化を変化させることにより、1−NPの存在が本発明の実施例に影響を及ぼさないことを確認するために、アルカリホスファターゼ(AP)染色分析法を行った。図5aは、1mMの1−NPで細胞を処理した後、生存率試験を行った結果を示す。細胞生存率は、対照群と比較し、99.65%を示した。図5b及び5cは、幹細胞にNPを処理する前及び後のAP染色結果を示す。各図面は、よく染色された幹細胞を示して、これは、1−NPが幹細胞の分化に影響を及ぼさないことを意味する。
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Claims (7)
- (a)電極及び(b)1−ナフチルホスフェート、フェニルホスフェート及び3−インドキシルホスフェートから構成された群から選択されるアルカリホスファターゼの基質を含む幹細胞分化測定用センサー。
- 前記電極は、金、銅、ガラス炭素、白金及びAg/AgCl電極からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の幹細胞分化測定用センサー。
- 前記幹細胞は、胚芽幹細胞または生殖幹細胞であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の幹細胞分化測定用センサー。
- 前記幹細胞は、未分化幹細胞の場合はアルカリホスファターゼを含み、分化幹細胞の場合はアルカリホスファターゼを含まないことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の幹細胞分化測定用センサー。
- 前記センサーは、細胞によるアルカリホスファターゼの基質の脱リン酸化または非脱リン酸化を電気的信号により測定し、幹細胞の分化有無を確認することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の幹細胞分化測定用センサー。
- 前記脱リン酸化された基質は、1−ナフトール、フェノール、及び3−ヒドロキシインドールから構成された群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の幹細胞分化測定用センサー。
- (a)請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の幹細胞分化測定用センサーを準備する段階と、
(b)前記センサーに分析対象の細胞を接触させる段階と、
(c)前記細胞による前記アルカリホスファターゼの基質の脱リン酸化または非脱リン酸化を電気的信号により測定する段階と、
を含むことを特徴とする、幹細胞の分化有無を確認する方法。
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