JP4887701B2 - 新規複合電解質膜 - Google Patents
新規複合電解質膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4887701B2 JP4887701B2 JP2005264277A JP2005264277A JP4887701B2 JP 4887701 B2 JP4887701 B2 JP 4887701B2 JP 2005264277 A JP2005264277 A JP 2005264277A JP 2005264277 A JP2005264277 A JP 2005264277A JP 4887701 B2 JP4887701 B2 JP 4887701B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte membrane
- phosphoric acid
- hydrocarbon group
- composite electrolyte
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 92
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 45
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- -1 tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 12
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyrrole Natural products C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylcyclohexylamine Natural products CN1CCCCC1 PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- GNVRJGIVDSQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-methylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(C)CC GNVRJGIVDSQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1CCCCC1 SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QZIQJVCYUQZDIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N mechlorethamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCCN(C)CCCl QZIQJVCYUQZDIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1 AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-pyrrolidine Natural products CN1CC=CC1 AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical group OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- IWDFHWZHHOSSGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylimidazole Chemical compound CCN1C=CN=C1 IWDFHWZHHOSSGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003235 pyrrolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)N BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride Natural products C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JYYNAJVZFGKDEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC(C)=C1 JYYNAJVZFGKDEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVNHOISKXMSMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[butyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCN(CCO)CCO GVNHOISKXMSMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQAMFDRRWURCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCC1=NC=CN1 PQAMFDRRWURCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NURQLCJSMXZBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC=C1C NURQLCJSMXZBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFEIKQPHQINPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Ethylpyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CN=C1 MFEIKQPHQINPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5K8XI641G3 Chemical compound CCC1=NC=C(C)N1 ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-butylamine Natural products CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylaniline Chemical compound CNC1=CC=CC=C1 AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- KVFIJIWMDBAGDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylpyrazine Chemical compound CCC1=CN=CC=N1 KVFIJIWMDBAGDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CAWHJQAVHZEVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylpyrazine Chemical compound CC1=CN=CC=N1 CAWHJQAVHZEVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylethylamine Chemical compound CCN(C)C DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVWISOJSERXQBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNC GVWISOJSERXQBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000002916 oxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003216 pyrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTJFQRMIRKXXRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (hydroxymethylamino)methanol Chemical compound OCNCO OTJFQRMIRKXXRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 *N1CCCC1 Chemical compound *N1CCCC1 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFOOEYJGMMJJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-diaminonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 YFOOEYJGMMJJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXHNLMTVIGZXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methylpyrrole Chemical compound CN1C=CC=C1 OXHNLMTVIGZXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylimidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1C=CN=C1 MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPUAYOJTHRDUTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylpyrrole Chemical compound CCN1C=CC=C1 VPUAYOJTHRDUTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONQBOTKLCMXPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1 ONQBOTKLCMXPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGWVFQAPOGAVRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylimidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCN1C=CN=C1 KGWVFQAPOGAVRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLMZKZJCMDOKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octylimidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1C=CN=C1 KLMZKZJCMDOKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYVYLVCVXXCYRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propylimidazole Chemical compound CCCN1C=CN=C1 IYVYLVCVXXCYRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNWUEBIEOFQMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1CCCCN1 NNWUEBIEOFQMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHJGXOOOMKCJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[tert-butyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound OCCN(C(C)(C)C)CCO XHJGXOOOMKCJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACKLHLPNCLNXBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=CNC(C2CCCCC2)=N1 ACKLHLPNCLNXBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZCAKLVEZMSIPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1h-imidazole;2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1.CCC1=NC=C(C)N1 OZCAKLVEZMSIPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCQOGMHNCICGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-5-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1C(CC)=NC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 JCQOGMHNCICGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBBKKFZGCDJDQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpiperidine Chemical compound CCC1CCCCN1 QBBKKFZGCDJDQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRGGMCIBEHEAIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=N1 NRGGMCIBEHEAIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDZYRENCLPUXAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C)=NC2=C1 LDZYRENCLPUXAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-methylpyridine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPKCLSMBVQLWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-methylbenzene-1,2-diamine Chemical class CNC1=CC=CC=C1N RPKCLSMBVQLWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCUJYXPAKHMBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CNC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 ZCUJYXPAKHMBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSNMFWFDOFQASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Butylpyridine Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CN=C1 QSNMFWFDOFQASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Aminophenyl ether Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJXRKZJMGVSXPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylpyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=NC=C1 VJXRKZJMGVSXPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJQHZENQKNIRSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCC1=CNC=N1 NJQHZENQKNIRSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEQQZUVLBKETJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hexyl-2-octyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=NC(CCCCCC)=CN1 JEQQZUVLBKETJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKVUYEYANWFIJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1h-pyrazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=NN1 XKVUYEYANWFIJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHLKOHSAWQPOFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1C=NC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XHLKOHSAWQPOFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metaphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTLZVHNRZJPSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylpiperidine Chemical compound CCN1CCCCC1 HTLZVHNRZJPSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCOGKXLOEWLIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylbutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNC QCOGKXLOEWLIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTUVJUMINZSXGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CNC1CCCCC1 XTUVJUMINZSXGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQFQONCQIQEYPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylpyrazole Chemical compound CN1C=CC=N1 UQFQONCQIQEYPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITBPIKUGMIZTJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [bis(hydroxymethyl)amino]methanol Chemical compound OCN(CO)CO ITBPIKUGMIZTJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- WKDNYTOXBCRNPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bpda Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(C=2C=C3C(=O)OC(C3=CC=2)=O)=C1 WKDNYTOXBCRNPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPYNZHMRTTWQTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylpyridine Natural products CC1=CC=CN=C1C HPYNZHMRTTWQTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- RIKMMFOAQPJVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N fomepizole Chemical compound CC=1C=NNC=1 RIKMMFOAQPJVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004285 fomepizole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMYQHJDBLRZMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolamine Chemical compound NCO XMYQHJDBLRZMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940087646 methanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQGJEUVBUVKZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,2-dimethylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CNC(C)(C)C ZQGJEUVBUVKZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTNWKDHZTDQSST-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-diamine Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C(N)C(N)=CC=C21 NTNWKDHZTDQSST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1N KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVLTXCYWHPZMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N po4-po4 Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O QVLTXCYWHPZMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002577 polybenzoxazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
[式中、R1, R2およびR3は、各々独立して、炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、水酸基を有する炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、または、水素原子を表し、少なくともひとつは炭化水素基または水酸基を有する炭化水素基である。]
で表されるアミンであることを特徴とする上記の複合電解質膜に関する。
また、本発明は、多孔質体が、無機あるいはガラス転移温度が100℃以上である高分子からなることを特徴とする上記の複合電解質膜に関する。
また、本発明は、上記の複合電解質膜を用いることを特徴とする燃料電池に関する。
凝固する温度が低くなることから、イミダゾール化合物、脂肪族三級アミン化合物、水酸基を有するアルキル基で置換されたアミン化合物、ピロリジン化合物を好ましく挙げることができる。
(1)
式中、R1, R2, R3およびR4は、各々独立して、炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、または、水素原子であることが好ましい。
また、R1, R2, R3またはR4の少なくともひとつが炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基であることが好ましい。
R1, R2, R3およびR4の炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基などの直鎖基、イソプロピル基、s-ブチル基、t-ブチル基などの分枝基、シクロヘキシル基などの脂環基、フェニル基などの芳香族基が挙げられる。特に、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、 n-ブチル基が好ましい。
式中、R1, R2およびR3は、各々独立して、炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、水酸基を有する炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、または、水素原子を表し、少なくともひとつは炭化水素基または水酸基を有する炭化水素基であることが好ましい。
R1, R2およびR3の炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基としては例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基などの直鎖基、イソプロピル基、s-ブチル基、t-ブチル基などの分枝基、シクロヘキシル基などの脂環基、フェニル基などの芳香族基が挙げられる。特に、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、 n-ブチル基が好ましい。また、水酸基を有する炭化水素基としては、−CH2OH、−CH2OH、−CH2CH2CH2OHなどの一級アルコールに相当する置換基、−CH2CH(OH)CH3などの二級アルコールに相当する置換基、−CH2C(OH)(CH3)2などの三級アルコールに相当する置換基が挙げられる。中でも、−CH2OH、−CH2OHが好ましい。
具体的な化合物としては、メタノールアミン、エタノールアミンなどのモノアルコールアミン類、ジメタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミンなどのジアルコールアミン類、トリメタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、メチルジエタノールアミン、n-ブチルジエタノールアミン、s-ブチルジエタノールアミン、t-ブチルジエタノールアミンなどのトリアルコールアミン類などを挙げることができる。中でも、トリエタノールアミン、メチルジエタノールアミン、n-ブチルジエタノールアミンを好ましく挙げることができる。
(1)多孔質体を液体電解質に浸漬することによって、多孔質体の孔内に液体電解質を含浸、保持させることによって達成できる。また、必要ならば、
(2)減圧脱気および/または加圧しながら液体電解質を透過させ、多孔質体孔内の気体と液体電解質を置換し、保持させることによって達成できる。
さらに、上記(1)、(2)の方法において、液体電解質は、多孔質体を溶解しない溶媒の溶液として含浸させてもよく、その場合、後から加熱乾燥することで溶媒のみ除去すればよい。
サンプル瓶に乾燥した試料約2 gを入れ、密閉して、恒温槽中、60℃で2時間、25℃で一晩保持した後、-30℃で静置して、所定時間毎に、試料が凝固しているかどうかを確認した。
複合電解質膜を、直径13mmの白金板で挟み、恒温槽中、所定の温度下で、Princeton Applied Reseach社製FRD1025とPotentiostat/Galvanostat 283を用いて、複素インピーダンス測定によりイオン伝導度を求めた。
攪拌器、窒素導入管、排気管を備えた四つ口セパラブルフラスコ中に溶媒としてN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジアミン成分として4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルエーテル及び3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−4,4’−ジアミノビフェニルをモル比が6/4になるように仕込み、窒素雰囲気下、40℃にて攪拌、溶解させた。次いで、3,3’,4,4’−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物をジアミン成分に対して等モルまで順次数段階に分けて添加し、40℃で約12時間攪拌反応させることで、固形成分の重量比が9.0重量%の粘稠なポリアミック酸溶液を得た。この溶液を、鏡面研磨したSUS板上に流延し、その後、溶媒の置換速度を調整するために、ポリオレフィン製微多孔質膜(宇部興産社製;UP−3025)で表面を覆い、該積層物をメタノ−ル中に、続けて水中に浸漬することでポリアミック酸微多孔質膜を得た。この膜の周囲をピンテンターで固定した後、大気中にて320℃で熱処理を行うことで、次の特性を持つポリイミド微多孔質膜PI−1を得た。
平均孔径 0.12μm
空孔率 68%
膜厚 76μm
線膨張係数 4.634×10−5/℃
なお、各特性は、以下の方法で測定した。
所定の大きさに切取った多孔質フィルムの膜厚及び重量を測定し、目付重量から空孔率を次式によって求めた。式中のSは多孔質フィルムの面積、dは膜厚、wは測定した重量、Dはポリイミドの密度を意味し、ポリイミドの密度は1.34とした。
空孔率=(1−w/(S×d×D))×100
ユアサアイオニクス(株)製オートスキャン−60+500 ポロシメータを用いて、水銀圧入法により、細孔直径3.4nm〜400μmの測定範囲において、3.4nm〜1μmの範囲の平均値を求めた。
島津製作所製TMA−50を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、20℃/分で50〜200℃まで昇温したときの線膨張係数を求めた。
レオメトリック社製RSAIIを用いて、引張りモードにて、周波数5Hz、ひずみ0.1%、3℃/分で−50〜500℃まで昇温したときの動的粘弾性および損失正接の温度分散プロファイルより算出した。
窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス中で、りん酸クリスタル(Aldrich)を融解した液状りん酸と4-メチルイミダゾール(4MI;Aldrich)を所定量混合して、種々のモル比の液体電解質を得た。4MIとりん酸の混合モル比は、1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:7、1:8、1:9、1:10、1:11、1:13、1:15、1:19、1:24、1:34、1:49、および、1:99とした。均一液とならないものは、50℃の熱風恒温槽または120℃のオイルバスで加熱して、均一液とした。-30℃において状態観察した結果、モル比が1:3 〜 1:24のものが、-30℃の低温においても、少なくとも70日間は液体のままであった。1:34は、10日目で、1:49は、24日目で固化した。一方、1:99のものは、1日目で固化した。4MI H3PO4 1:1, 1:2, 1:3および 1:19のイオン伝導度の温度依存性を図1に示す。4MI H3PO4 1:3は、-30℃で 4.9×10-6Scm-1、150℃で2.0×10-1Scm-1のイオン伝導度を示した。4MI H3PO4 1:19は、-30℃で1.3×10-3Scm-1、150℃で4.3×10-1Scm-1のイオン伝導度を示した。シャーレ上で4MIとりん酸の混合モル比1:19の液状電解質に、50mm×50mmのポリイミド微多孔質膜PI−1を浸漬し、90℃で2時間減圧した。その後、両面に付着している液体電解質を薬包紙で拭き取った。この含浸操作後、試験片は濃色となり、液体電解質が微孔内に保持されたことが示唆された。4MI H3PO4 1:19の液体電解質を用いた複合電解質膜は、-30℃で0.8×10-3Scm-1、150℃で1.0×10-1Scm-1のイオン伝導度を示した。比較例1の複合電解質膜のイオン伝導度が、低温で凝固すると共に急激に低下したのに比べ、4MI H3PO4 1:19の液体電解質からなる複合電解質膜は、液体電解質が凝固せずに高いイオン伝導度を維持した。
4MIの代わりにN,N-ジエチルメチルアミン(DEMA;東京化成工業(株))を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モル比1:3の液体電解質を得た。DEMA H3PO4 1:3は-30℃において、少なくとも117日間は液体のままであった。DEMA H3PO4 1:3のイオン伝導度の温度依存性を図3に示す。DEMA H3PO4 1:3は、-30℃で3.5×10-6 Scm-1、150℃で1.1×10-1 Scm-1のイオン伝導度を示した。
4MIの代わりに1-メチルピロリジン(1MPy;東京化成工業(株))を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モル比1:3の液体電解質を得た。1MP H3PO4 1:3は、-30℃において、少なくとも1週間は液体のままであった。1MP H3PO4 1:3は、150℃で1.3×10-1Scm-1のイオン伝導度を示した。実施例2と同様にして、複合電解質膜を調整した。得られた複合電解質膜は、150℃で、0.8×10-1Scm-1のイオン伝導度を示した。
りん酸クリスタルを60℃に加熱融解して液状化した後、-10℃で静置すると2時間で凝固した。りん酸クリスタルを30重量%となるようにメタノールに溶解し、実施例2と同様に複合電解質膜を調整した。複合電解質膜の伝導度は、-30℃で0.1×10-4Scm-1、150℃で2.1×10-1Scm-1であり、-20℃以下では、りん酸が凝固したため大きな伝導度の低下を示した。
Claims (6)
- 下記化学式(1)〜(3)で表されるいずれかのアミン化合物Aとりん酸Bから成り、AとBのモル比A:Bが1:3〜1:50の範囲にあり、凝固する温度が、−30℃未満であることを特徴とする液体電解質を多孔質体に含浸したことを特徴とする複合電解質膜。
[式中、R 1 、R 2 、R 3 およびR 4 は、各々独立して、炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、または、水素原子を表す。]
[式中、R 1 、R 2 およびR 3 は、各々独立して、炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、水酸基を有する炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、または、水素原子を表し、少なくともひとつは炭化水素基または水酸基を有する炭化水素基である。]
[式中、R 1 は炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、または、水素原子を表す。]
- −30℃におけるイオン伝導度が10-6Scm-1以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合電解質膜。
- 150℃におけるイオン伝導度が10-2Scm-1以上であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の複合電解質膜。
- プロトン伝導体であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電解質複合膜。
- 多孔質体が、無機あるいはガラス転移温度が100℃以上である高分子からなることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の複合電解質膜。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の複合電解質膜を用いたことを特徴とする燃料電池。
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