JP4859060B2 - How to remove Caligus - Google Patents
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- JP4859060B2 JP4859060B2 JP2007142066A JP2007142066A JP4859060B2 JP 4859060 B2 JP4859060 B2 JP 4859060B2 JP 2007142066 A JP2007142066 A JP 2007142066A JP 2007142066 A JP2007142066 A JP 2007142066A JP 4859060 B2 JP4859060 B2 JP 4859060B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Description
この発明は、魚の養殖用水系内に生息する外部寄生虫の一種であるカリグスの駆除方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、この発明は、養殖魚に寄生しているか、またはその周辺に生息しているカリグスを駆除するとともに、魚体から一旦脱落したカリグスが養殖魚に再寄生することを防止する、カリグスの駆除方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for controlling Caligus, which is a kind of ectoparasite that inhabits a fish culture water system. More specifically, the present invention eliminates Caligus that infests or inhabits the cultured fish, and prevents Caligus once removed from the fish body from re-infesting the cultured fish. It relates to the removal method.
従来から海水系、淡水系を問わず各種魚類の養殖が盛んに行われている。これらの養殖魚類に寄生虫が寄生すると、養殖魚の成長が阻害され、ついには斃死するか、斃死しないまでも、魚体に変色や損傷が起こり、養殖魚としての商品価値が低下するという問題が生じる。
このような問題を解決するために、養殖魚を淡水浴、濃塩水浴、薬浴などに移して寄生虫を駆除することが行われている。
Conventionally, a variety of fish have been actively cultivated regardless of whether they are seawater or freshwater. When parasites infest these farmed fish, the growth of the farmed fish is hindered, and eventually the fish body is discolored or damaged, causing a problem that the commercial value of the farmed fish is reduced. .
In order to solve such a problem, the cultured fish is transferred to a fresh water bath, a concentrated salt water bath, a medicine bath or the like to eliminate parasites.
例えば、特公平７−５１０２８号公報（特許文献１）には、ハマチ、ブリ、カンパチ、シマアジ、タイなどの海水系養殖魚を所定濃度の過酸化水素で所定時間洗浄処理することにより、これらの海水系養殖魚に寄生するエラムシ、ハダムシ、カリグスなどの外部寄生虫を駆除する方法が記載されている。
また、特許第２５７５２４０号公報（特許文献２）には、アユなどの淡水魚を所定濃度の過酸化水素で所定時間処理することにより、淡水魚に寄生する寄生虫（ギロダクチルス）を駆除する方法が記載されている。
さらに、特許第２８１７７５３号公報（特許文献３）には、トラフグを所定濃度の過酸化水素で所定時間処理することにより、トラフグの鰓に寄生している段階のヘテロボツリウムを駆除する方法が記載されている。
For example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-51028 (Patent Document 1), seawater-based cultured fish such as yellowtail, yellowtail, amberjack, striped sea bream, and Thailand are washed with a predetermined concentration of hydrogen peroxide for a predetermined period of time. It describes a method for combating ectoparasites such as aphids, hadamushi, and calygs that parasitize seawater-cultured fish.
Japanese Patent No. 2575240 (Patent Document 2) describes a method of combating parasites (Girodactylus) parasitic on freshwater fish by treating freshwater fish such as sweetfish with hydrogen peroxide at a predetermined concentration for a predetermined time. ing.
Furthermore, Japanese Patent No. 2817753 (Patent Document 3) describes a method of removing the heterobotulium at the stage parasitic in the trough of the trough by treating the trough with a predetermined concentration of hydrogen peroxide for a predetermined time. Has been.
上記の寄生虫の中でも、カリグスは、体長３〜５ミリ程度の魚類寄生性甲殻類の一種であり、養殖ブリなどでは主に鰓に寄生し、他の魚では体表や鰭の基部に寄生することが多く、宿主である魚の上皮組織を食べて生きている。カリグスの寄生した魚は、寄生部位が傷ついて炎症を起こし、赤く腫れたり、細菌感染を引き起こしたりする。
そこで上記の先行技術のように、養殖魚に寄生したカリグスを過酸化水素で駆除する処理が行なわれているが、カリグスはエラムシやハダムシとは異なり、過酸化水素による処理で一旦魚体から脱落しても、水中を遊泳して、養殖魚に再寄生するという問題があった。
Among the above parasites, Caligus is a kind of fish parasitic crustacean with a length of about 3 to 5 mm. It is mainly parasitized in sea bream in cultured yellowtails and parasitized on the body surface and base of sea bream in other fish. They often live by eating the fish epithelial tissue. The fish infested with caligus are damaged and inflamed, causing red swelling and bacterial infection.
Therefore, as in the above-mentioned prior art, a treatment for extinguishing Caligus parasitized in cultured fish with hydrogen peroxide is carried out, but unlike aphids and hadamushi, Caligus is once removed from the fish body by treatment with hydrogen peroxide. However, there was a problem of swimming in the water and re-infesting farmed fish.
この発明は、魚体や周辺環境に悪影響を及ぼすことのない安全性の高い方法で、養殖魚に寄生しているか、またはその周辺に生息しているカリグスを駆除するとともに、魚体から一旦脱落したカリグスが養殖魚に再寄生することを防止して、カリグスを確実に駆除することを課題とする。 The present invention is a highly safe method that does not adversely affect the fish body and the surrounding environment, and eliminates the Caligus that is infested or inhabited by the cultured fish and that has once dropped from the fish body. It is a problem to prevent the parasite from being re-infested with cultured fish and to eliminate the calygs.
この発明の発明者らは、上記の課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を行った結果、閉鎖水系内において、養殖魚を所定濃度の過酸化水素で所定時間処理した後、該閉鎖水系内のカタラーゼが所定濃度になるような量のカタラーゼを添加することにより、養殖魚に寄生しているか、またはその周辺に生息しているカリグスを駆除するとともに、養殖魚への再寄生能力を失活させることができることを見出し、この発明を完成するに到った。 The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive research to solve the above problems, and as a result, after the cultured fish is treated with a predetermined concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the closed water system for a predetermined time, the catalase in the closed water system is By adding an amount of catalase to a predetermined concentration, it is possible to eliminate the calipers that are infested in or around the cultured fish and to deactivate the re-parasitic ability to the cultured fish. The inventors have found that this is possible and have completed the present invention.
かくして、この発明によれば、閉鎖水系内で、過酸化水素濃度１０〜３０００ｍｇ／Ｌで養殖魚を１〜１２０分間処理した後、該閉鎖水系にカタラーゼ濃度が５００〜５００００単位／Ｌになるような量のカタラーゼを添加して、該閉鎖水系内のカリグスを駆除することを特徴とするカリグスの駆除方法が提供される。 Thus, according to the present invention, after the cultured fish is treated for 1 to 120 minutes at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 10 to 3000 mg / L in a closed water system, the catalase concentration is 500 to 50000 units / L in the closed water system. There is provided a method for extinguishing Caligus, characterized by adding an appropriate amount of catalase to extinguish Caligus in the closed water system.
この発明の方法は、魚体や周辺環境に悪影響を及ぼすことのない安全性の高い方法で、養殖魚に寄生しているか、またはその周辺に生息しているカリグスを駆除するとともに、魚体から一旦脱落したカリグスが養殖魚に再寄生することを防止して、カリグスを確実に駆除することができ、産業上極めて有用である。
また、この発明の方法によれば、過酸化水素がカタラーゼにより酸素と水に分解されるので、養殖魚処理後の過酸化水素の分解を促進できる。
The method of the present invention is a highly safe method that does not adversely affect the fish body and the surrounding environment. It exterminates the calligus that is infested with or inhabited the cultured fish and is once removed from the fish body. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the Caligus from re-infesting the cultured fish, and to eliminate the Caligus reliably, which is extremely useful industrially.
In addition, according to the method of the present invention, hydrogen peroxide is decomposed into oxygen and water by catalase, so that the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide after the cultured fish treatment can be promoted.
この発明のカリグスの駆除方法は、閉鎖水系内で、過酸化水素濃度１０〜３０００ｍｇ／Ｌで養殖魚を１〜１２０分間処理した後、該閉鎖水系にカタラーゼ濃度が５００〜５００００単位／Ｌになるような量のカタラーゼを添加して、該閉鎖水系内のカリグスを駆除することを特徴とする。 According to the method for extermination of Caligus of the present invention, after the cultured fish is treated for 1 to 120 minutes at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 10 to 3000 mg / L in a closed water system, the catalase concentration becomes 500 to 50000 units / L in the closed water system. It is characterized by adding such an amount of catalase to extinguish Caligus in the closed water system.
この発明の方法で駆除されるカリグス（Caligus、Pseudocaligus）は、シフォノストム目（Siphonostomatoida）、ウオジラミ科（Caligidae）、ウオジラミ属（Caligus）に属する魚類寄生性甲殻類の一種である。その体長は３〜５ミリ程度で遊泳能力を有し、頭胸部が宿主である魚の体表に吸い付いて離れない吸盤状の構造を有している。
カリグスは、海水系、淡水系を問わず、ハマチ、ブリ、カンパチ、シマアジ、タイ、トラフグ、ヒラメ、サケ、金魚、フナ、コイなどの多種養殖魚に寄生することが知られている。養殖ブリなどでは主に鰓に寄生し、他の魚では体表や鰭の基部に寄生することが多く、宿主である魚の上皮組織を食べて生きている。
Caligus (Pseudocaligus) to be exterminated by the method of the present invention is a kind of fish parasitic crustaceans belonging to the order of Siphonostomatoida, Caligidae, and Caligus. Its body length is about 3 to 5 mm, it has a swimming ability, and has a sucker-like structure in which the head and chest part does not stick to the body surface of the fish that is the host.
Regardless of the seawater system or freshwater system, Caligus is known to parasitize multicultural fish such as sea bream, yellowtail, amberjack, striped sea bream, Thailand, tiger puffer fish, Japanese flounder, salmon, goldfish, crucian carp and carp. In the cultured yellowtail, etc., it mainly infests the coral, and in other fish, it often infests the body surface and the base of the coral, and lives by eating the epithelial tissue of the host fish.
カリグスは、ほとんど全てが海産物の外部寄生虫であり２００種ほどが報告されている。代表的な種およびその寄生魚および寄生部位は、次のとおりである。
Caligus spinosus：ブリ、カンパチ、ヒラマサの鰓
Caligus lalandei：ブリ、ヒラマサの体表
Caligus seriolae：ブリの鰓
Caligus longipedis：シマアジの体表
Pseudocaligus fugu：トラフグの体表
Caligus fugu：トラフグの口腔壁
Caligus orientalis：ニジマス、カワチブナの体表
本発明は、上記の養殖魚に限定されず、カリグスが寄生するいずれの魚にも適用できる駆除方法である。
Caligus is almost all ectoparasites of marine products, and about 200 species have been reported. Representative species and their parasitic fish and parasitic sites are as follows.
Caligus spinosus: yellowtail, amberjack, cypress
Caligus lalandei: Yellowtail, Hiramasa body surface
Caligus seriolae: yellowtail
Caligus longipedis: Body surface of striped horse mackerel
Pseudocaligus fugu: Body surface
Caligus fugu: The oral wall of the tiger puffer
Caligus orientalis: Body surface of rainbow trout and river beech The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned cultured fish, but is a method of extermination that can be applied to any fish that is parasitized by Caligus.
この発明で使用される過酸化水素としては、通常、工業用として市販されている濃度３〜６０％（例えば、３５％）の過酸化水素水溶液が挙げられる。
過酸化水素を閉鎖水系内に添加するにあたっては、過酸化水素が直接降り掛かって魚体に悪影響を与えることのないように、過酸化水素を海水あるいは淡水で所定の濃度に希釈して用いるのが好ましい。
As the hydrogen peroxide used in the present invention, an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution having a concentration of 3 to 60% (for example, 35%) that is commercially available for industrial use is usually used.
When adding hydrogen peroxide to a closed water system, hydrogen peroxide should be diluted with seawater or fresh water to a predetermined concentration so that the hydrogen peroxide does not fall directly on the fish body. preferable.
この発明の方法における過酸化水素での処理は、カリグスの駆除効果、魚体の生態に対する影響度等を考慮して、養殖魚の種類や周辺環境などの状況により適宜変更することができる。
例えば、過酸化水素濃度１０〜３０００ｍｇ／Ｌで１〜１２０分間、好ましくは過酸化水素濃度１５〜６００ｍｇ／Ｌで３〜６０分間養殖魚を処理することにより、過酸化水素での処理が行われる。
過酸化水素濃度が１０ｍｇ／Ｌ未満である場合、または処理時間が１分未満である場合には、十分なカリグス駆除効果が得られないことがある。また、過酸化水素濃度が３０００ｍｇ／Ｌを超える場合、または処理時間が１２０分間を超える場合には、魚体の生態に悪影響を及ぼすおそれがある。
The treatment with hydrogen peroxide in the method of the present invention can be appropriately changed depending on the conditions of the type of the cultured fish, the surrounding environment, etc., taking into account the effects of extermination of calipers, the degree of influence on the ecology of the fish and the like.
For example, the treatment with hydrogen peroxide is performed by treating the cultured fish at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 10 to 3000 mg / L for 1 to 120 minutes, preferably at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 15 to 600 mg / L for 3 to 60 minutes. .
When the hydrogen peroxide concentration is less than 10 mg / L, or when the treatment time is less than 1 minute, a sufficient caligus extermination effect may not be obtained. In addition, when the hydrogen peroxide concentration exceeds 3000 mg / L, or when the treatment time exceeds 120 minutes, there is a risk of adversely affecting fish ecology.
この発明で使用されるカタラーゼは、過酸化水素の分解反応を触媒する酵素であり、牛、豚などの動物の肝臓、腎臓、赤血球に多く含まれている。また、Aspergillus niger、Micrococcus lysodeikticusなどの細菌を培養することによっても得られる。
この発明では、それらの抽出物、培養物や培養抽出物をカタラーゼとして用いることができ、それらは精製されていなくてもよいが、その分子量は１０万〜５０万程度、活性は１００００〜１０００００単位／ｍＬ程度であるものが好ましい。
カタラーゼを閉鎖水系内に添加するにあたっては、カタラーゼを海水あるいは淡水で所定の濃度に希釈して用いるのが好ましい。
The catalase used in the present invention is an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide, and is abundant in livers, kidneys, and erythrocytes of animals such as cattle and pigs. It can also be obtained by culturing bacteria such as Aspergillus niger and Micrococcus lysodeikticus.
In this invention, those extracts, cultures and culture extracts can be used as catalase, and they may not be purified, but their molecular weight is about 100,000 to 500,000, and the activity is 10,000 to 100,000 units. It is preferably about / mL.
When adding catalase into a closed water system, it is preferable to use catalase diluted with seawater or fresh water to a predetermined concentration.
閉鎖水系内のカタラーゼ濃度は、過酸化水素と同様に、養殖魚の種類や周辺環境などの状況により、また過酸化水素の濃度により、適宜設定することができるが、通常、例えば５００〜５００００単位／Ｌ、好ましくは１５００〜３００００単位／Ｌである。
カタラーゼ濃度が５００単位／Ｌ未満である場合には、十分なカリグスの駆除効果が得られないことがある。また、カタラーゼ濃度が３００００単位／Ｌを超える場合には、添加量に応じた効果が得られ難く、高価なカタラーゼの使用量を増やすことになる。
なお、使用するカタラーゼの活性が５００００単位／ｍＬである場合、これを１０ｍｇ／Ｌの割合で使用したときのカタラーゼ濃度は５００単位／Ｌとなる。
この発明における過酸化水素とカタラーゼによるカリグス駆除作用機序は定かでないが、カタラーゼが過酸化水素を分解する際に発生する酸素の微細な気泡が関係しているものと考えられる。
The concentration of catalase in the closed water system can be appropriately set according to the situation of the type of cultured fish and the surrounding environment, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, as in the case of hydrogen peroxide. L, preferably 1500-30000 units / L.
When the catalase concentration is less than 500 units / L, a sufficient caligus extermination effect may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the concentration of catalase exceeds 30000 units / L, it is difficult to obtain an effect according to the amount added, and the amount of expensive catalase used is increased.
In addition, when the activity of the catalase used is 50000 units / mL, the concentration of catalase when used at a rate of 10 mg / L is 500 units / L.
Although the mechanism of caligus extermination action by hydrogen peroxide and catalase in this invention is not clear, it is considered that the fine bubbles of oxygen generated when catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide are related.
この発明における閉鎖水系とは、隔壁をもって閉鎖された遊泳区画のことをいう。
また、閉鎖水系内で養殖魚を過酸化水素で処理した後、カタラーゼを添加する際には、養殖魚を閉鎖水系内に遊泳させたままであってもよいが、カタラーゼを添加する前に、養殖魚を閉鎖水系内から移動させておいてもよい。
閉鎖水系内から養殖魚を移動させる方法としては、養殖魚に負担をかけることなく、迅速に移動させることができる方法であれば特に限定されない。例えば、処理（治療）対象の養殖魚が飼育されている生簀に移動式の薬浴用筏を隣接させ、飼育生簀との接合開口部を有する薬浴槽を薬浴用筏に設置しておいて、接合開口部を介して養殖魚を飼育生簀から薬浴槽へ移動させる方法などが挙げられる。
The closed water system in the present invention refers to a swimming section closed with a partition wall.
In addition, when catalase is added after the cultured fish is treated with hydrogen peroxide in the closed water system, the cultured fish may be allowed to swim in the closed water system, but before the catalase is added, The fish may be moved from within the closed water system.
The method for moving the cultured fish from within the closed water system is not particularly limited as long as it can be moved quickly without placing a burden on the cultured fish. For example, a mobile medicinal bath tub is adjacent to a ginger in which cultured fish to be treated (treated) is kept, and a medicinal bath having a joint opening with the captive ginger is installed in the medicinal bath tub. A method of moving the cultured fish from the breeding ginger to the medicine tub through the opening can be mentioned.
閉鎖水系内に過酸化水素またはカタラーゼを添加し、これらを分散させて濃度を均一する方法としては、公知の方法が適用できるが、実用上、閉鎖水系の上方から過酸化水素水またはカタラーゼ含有水溶液を散布する方法が、簡便であって好ましい。
また、この発明の方法では、閉鎖水系内で養殖魚を過酸化水素で処理した後、時間をあけないで、カタラーゼを添加するのが好ましい。
As a method of adding hydrogen peroxide or catalase in the closed water system and dispersing them to make the concentration uniform, a known method can be applied. However, practically, a hydrogen peroxide solution or a catalase-containing aqueous solution from above the closed water system. The method of spraying is simple and preferable.
In the method of the present invention, it is preferable to add catalase without treating time after the cultured fish is treated with hydrogen peroxide in a closed water system.
この発明を試験例により具体的に説明するが、この発明はこれらの試験例により限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be specifically described with reference to test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these test examples.
試験例１（カリグス駆除効果確認試験）
養殖トラフグに寄生しているカリグスを採取して供試カリグスとし、その駆除効果確認試験を行なった。すなわち、和歌山県沿岸から採取した試験海水（水温：２０℃、塩分濃度：３．３％、ｐＨ：８．２）を各試験区（水槽）に１Ｌずつ入れ、１試験区あたり５個体のカリグスを入れた。次いで、表１に示す試験条件で薬浴（浸漬）処理を行ない、処理後に供試カリグスを清浄な試験海水２００ｍＬを満たしたスチロール瓶に移した。その後、２４時間、４８時間、９６時間および１２０時間経過時における供試カリグスの累積死亡数を目視で計測した。
例えば、試験区１では、過酸化水素（３５％水溶液）を過酸化水素濃度が６００ｍｇ／Ｌになるように添加して３０分間処理し、次いでカタラーゼ（三菱ガス化学株式会社製、商品名：アスクスーパー、活性：５００００単位／ｍＬ）をカタラーゼ濃度が６００ｍｇ／Ｌになるように添加して３０分間処理した。
なお、カタラーゼの濃度６００ｍｇ／Ｌ、６０ｍｇ／Ｌ、３００ｍｇ／Ｌおよび３０ｍｇ／Ｌは、３００００単位／Ｌ、３０００単位／Ｌ、１５０００単位／Ｌおよび１５００単位／Ｌに相当する。
得られた結果を処理条件と共に表１に示す。
Test Example 1 (Carigus extermination effect confirmation test)
We collected the calipers parasitized in the cultured trough puffers and used them as test caliguses. That is, 1 L of test seawater (water temperature: 20 ° C., salinity: 3.3%, pH: 8.2) collected from the coast of Wakayama Prefecture is placed in each test zone (water tank), and 5 individuals are used for each test zone. Put. Next, a chemical bath (immersion) treatment was performed under the test conditions shown in Table 1, and after the treatment, the test Caligus was transferred to a polystyrene bottle filled with 200 mL of clean test seawater. Thereafter, the cumulative number of deaths of the test caligus after 24 hours, 48 hours, 96 hours and 120 hours was visually measured.
For example, in Test Zone 1, hydrogen peroxide (35% aqueous solution) was added to a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 600 mg / L, treated for 30 minutes, and then catalase (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: Ask Super, activity: 50000 units / mL) was added to a catalase concentration of 600 mg / L and treated for 30 minutes.
The catalase concentrations of 600 mg / L, 60 mg / L, 300 mg / L and 30 mg / L correspond to 30000 units / L, 3000 units / L, 15000 units / L and 1500 units / L.
The obtained results are shown in Table 1 together with the processing conditions.
表１の結果から、所定量の過酸化水素とカタラーゼとを用いた試験区１、２、５および６では、２４時間後に供試カリグスが３〜４個体死亡し、９６時間後にすべての供試カリグスが死亡することがわかる。
なお、試験区１、２、５および６では、薬浴処理後の過酸化水素の濃度はほぼ０ｍｇ／Ｌであった。
From the results shown in Table 1, in Test Zones 1, 2, 5 and 6 using a predetermined amount of hydrogen peroxide and catalase, 3 to 4 test caligus died after 24 hours, and all tests were performed after 96 hours. You can see that Caligus dies.
In Test Groups 1, 2, 5 and 6, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide after the chemical bath treatment was approximately 0 mg / L.
また、試験区５および６の過酸化水素の濃度は試験区１および２の１／２であるが、試験区５および６では、試験区１および２と同等の駆除効果を示した。
さらに、試験区２および６のカタラーゼの濃度はそれぞれ試験区１および５の１／１０であるが、試験区２および６では、試験区１および５と同等の駆除効果を示した。
Further, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the test groups 5 and 6 was ½ that of the test groups 1 and 2, but the test groups 5 and 6 showed the same extermination effect as the test groups 1 and 2.
Furthermore, the concentration of catalase in test groups 2 and 6 was 1/10 of that in test groups 1 and 5, respectively. In test groups 2 and 6, the control effect equivalent to test groups 1 and 5 was shown.
一方、過酸化水素のみを用いた試験区３および７、過酸化水素と清浄試験海水とを用いた試験区４および８では、２４時間後に供試カリグスが０〜２個体死亡し、１２０時間後に供試カリグスが２〜３個体死亡した。
なお、清浄試験海水のみを用いた試験区９（ブランク）では、１２０時間後にもすべての供試カリグスが生存していた。
以上のことから、所定量の過酸化水素とカタラーゼとを用いるこの発明の方法は、優れたカリグス駆除効果を有することがわかる。
On the other hand, in Test Zones 3 and 7 using only hydrogen peroxide and Test Zones 4 and 8 using hydrogen peroxide and clean test seawater, 0 to 2 test caligus died after 24 hours, and 120 hours later. Two to three test caligus died.
In test section 9 (blank) using only clean test seawater, all test caligus survived even after 120 hours.
From the above, it can be seen that the method of the present invention using a predetermined amount of hydrogen peroxide and catalase has an excellent caligus extermination effect.
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