TW201338704A - Germicide for aquaculture - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a germicide for aquaculture, comprising: (a) 15-45% by weight of amide compound, (b) 30-65% by weight of inorganic peroxide, and(c) 1.0-45% by weight of buffering agent, wherein (a), (b), and (c) is totally 100% by weight. The germicide dissolves in water to produce peracetic acid having a concentration in a range of 0.0125-0.5 mg/l. The peracetic acid can kill microbes existing on crustaceans and culture pond of which while maintaining high survival rate of the crustaceans.

Description

Fungicide for aquaculture

The invention relates to a bactericide for aquaculture, and in particular to a bactericide for treating crustacean zooplankton, the peracetic acid produced by the sterilizing agent can kill crustaceans in the culture pond at an appropriate concentration. Microorganisms that carry the mites while maintaining high survival rates of crustaceans.

Peracetic acid has been used as a disinfectant or fungicide since 1955. Peracetic acid has a strong oxidizing power of 1.81 ev, strong bactericidal ability and rapid action, and also can clean the organic dirt, and is mostly used for disinfection of medical supplies and sterilization of food and drinking water.

In general, the bactericidal mechanism of peracetic acid is to release peracetate ions, and the by-products of the final decomposition are acetic acid, oxygen and water. Peracetic acid quickly kills bacteria, fungi and spores and viruses.

Crustaceans are commonly found in aquaculture ponds and ponds, lakes and rivers in nature, and are one of the sources of food or bait for carnivorous fish. Crustaceans that are cultured in marine water are most important for lameness. The crustaceans that are cultured in freshwater include Daphnia, which is a branch of the genus, and white shrimp and grass prawn, which belong to the amphibious and adult stages. In addition to being edible for humans, crustaceans such as white shrimp and grass shrimp can also be placed in fish ponds after being grown or directly stocked in aquaculture ponds as food for carnivorous fish (such as groupers). If crustaceans as bait carry pathogenic microorganisms, it will seriously affect the health of farmed fish.

At present, the aquaculture industry neglects to carry out the necessary bactericidal treatment of crustacean zooplankton, thus failing to remove the microorganisms present in the body and attached to its surface, because the conventional bactericide or disinfectant is usually at a very low dose. It is highly toxic to zooplankton, but the dose that inhibits microbes is much higher than the dose that is toxic to zooplankton. Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride China Wuhan Dachu Hexing Technology Co., Ltd of quaternary ammonium example, the half lethal daphnia collateral branches isopod EC ₅₀ concentration of 0.03 mg / l, and half of green algae (Pseudokirchneriel la subcapitata) the inhibitory concentration IC ₅₀ of 0.008 mg / l; Further, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride daphnia half of the collateral branches isopod lethal concentration EC ₅₀ was 0.021 mg / l and green alga of the half maximal inhibitory concentration IC ₅₀ of 0.0052 mg / l; however, the effective concentration capable of inhibiting both bacterial breeding pool has to be as high as generally 0.5-1 mg / l, i.e., to complete sterilization but also The leeches are killed in their entirety, and the algae that are the main source of food for leeches are also killed.

US Patent No. 5,732,653 a concentration of 0.5-5 mg / l of peracetic acid to process liquid crustacean zooplankton, the concentration of acid is not more than the EC zooplankton crustaceans half _50, thereby controlling zooplankton crustacean breeding pool The number of phytoplankton and pathogenic microorganisms. However, from the point of view of controlling diseases of animals, it is not enough to control the amount of bacteria in crustaceans because of the size of the fish, whether there is a wound, whether it is in an environmentally tight state, and infection of pathogenic microorganisms. The toxic intensity and the like will affect whether the fish body will be infected by the disease. Fish bodies that are exposed to or ingested with bait containing pathogenic microorganisms may be infected and become ill. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the zooplankton bait without pathogenic microorganisms to effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases, and at the same time, it can also help to improve the breeding rate of farmed fish.

According to the information on the peracetic acid released by the European Chemicals Bureau of the European Commission on February 19, 2000 (IUCLID Dataset), 15% peracetic acid from Solvay Interox SA of Belgium The EC ₅₀ for leech is 6.6 mg/l (ie 0.99 mg/l peracetic acid), the EC ₅₀ for Chlorella is 3.3 mg/l (ie 0.495 mg/l peracetic acid) and the EC ₅₀ for various algae It is 0.7-16 mg/l (ie 0.105-2.4 mg/l peracetic acid). In addition, 36% peracetic acid has an EC ₁₀₀ of 5 mg/l for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ie, 1.8 mg/l peracetic acid), that is, the peracetic acid concentration required to completely kill Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 1.8 mg/l. But this concentration will kill more than half of the mink and algae. The large number of algae deaths (so-called algae) will greatly reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in the culture pond and further cause the aquaculture animals to die immediately due to lack of oxygen.

It can be seen that the effective toxicity concentration of the liquid peracetic acid solution on the floating plants and animals is generally much lower than the effective inhibitory concentration to the pathogenic microorganisms, making it difficult to achieve safe and complete removal of microorganisms in the crustacean zooplankton and on the surface.

Therefore, this technique requires a novel fungicide which can effectively kill microorganisms in the crustacean zooplankton and on the surface, and has low toxicity to crustacean zooplankton.

In view of the needs of the art, the present invention provides a bactericide for aquaculture comprising:

(a) 15-45% by weight of a guanamine compound;

(b) 35-65% by weight of inorganic peroxide; and

(c) 1.0-45% by weight of pH buffer,

The total weight of the three (a), (b) and (c) is 100% by weight. The bactericide can produce peracetic acid with a concentration of 0.0125-0.5 mg/l after being dissolved in water. The concentration of peracetic acid can kill the bacteria in the crustacean in the culture pond while maintaining the high survival of the crustacean. rate.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the guanamine compound is TAED; tetraacetylethylenediamine, tetraacetyl glycoluryle (TAGU; tetracetyl glycoluryle), pentaethylene glucose (PAG; glucose pentaacetate) or a mixture of them.

In one embodiment of the invention, the inorganic peroxide is carbamide peroxide, perborate, percarbonate, perphosphate or a mixture thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the pH buffer is an alkaline solution having a pH of from 7.0 to 10.5 peracetic acid in water.

In one embodiment of the invention, the aquaculture pond is a fish pond or a shrimp pond.

In one embodiment of the invention, the aquaculture pond water is seawater, brackish water or fresh water.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the crustacean zooplankton Coperpoda, Phyllopoda, Amphipoda, Schizopoda, Subord Cladocera Or zooplankton (Decapoda).

In one embodiment of the invention, the ten-footed zooplankton is selected from the group consisting of white prawn (Litopenaeus vannamei), grass prawn (Penaeus monodon), blue shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris), freshwater long-legged prawns (Macrobranchium rosenbergii), Zhonghuaming Prawns (Penaeus chinensis), Penaeus japonicus, Parapenaeopsis hardwichkii, Penaeus pencillatus, Penaeus semisulcatus, Farfintepenaeus aztecus, and sand penguin (Metapenaeus ensis) or A combination of the same.

Crustacean zooplankton is one of the food sources of aquaculture fish and is commonly grown in ponds or fish culture ponds. In the food chain, phytoplankton in the pool water is fed by zooplankton, which is then swallowed by the farmed fish, which becomes a human food.

In marine aquaculture ponds, copepods are an important source of bait. The branches and feet are the bait commonly used in freshwater aquaculture ponds. White-footed white shrimps and grass shrimps, etc., are cultivated in the form of human food for indoor or outdoor breeding, and are also directly stocked in fish ponds as carnivorous fish (such as groupers and sea otters). Etc.). The cultivation methods of these crustacean zooplankton baits are only after the indoor ponds are specially cultured, and then they are poured into the fish ponds for feeding by the fish, or artificially cultivated in the outdoor pool water in large quantities. However, the cultivation of crustacean zooplankton as a bait requires the extraction of groundwater or seawater. In addition to being part of the food of crustacean zooplankton, microorganisms in groundwater or seawater naturally coexist with crustaceans. The pond water of the outdoor breeding pond is often contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms due to the influence of animals such as crabs, sea otters and birds with pathogenic bacteria in the field, thereby causing the fish to infect the disease due to feeding.

Pathogenic microorganisms, particularly pathogenic bacteria, broadly include Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

The quaternary amines generally have good bactericidal ability against Gram-positive bacteria, but generally have a weak bactericidal ability against Gram-negative bacteria and are extremely toxic to phytoplankton. Sodium hypochlorite produces carcinogenic chloroform and has a great impact on the environment, and the activity is stable at higher pH values, but the bactericidal ability is weak; although the bactericidal ability is stronger at lower pH values, the bactericidal activity is rapidly attenuated. . Although chlorine dioxide has strong bactericidal ability and good general effect, it is highly toxic to zooplankton and produces carcinogenic chlorite ion (ClO ₂ ^- ). Although glutaraldehyde has good bactericidal ability, it is a carcinogen and has been banned from use in animal breeding ponds. In addition, the European Chemicals Agency has issued a mixture of liquid peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid and water that is highly toxic to zooplankton.

In order to sufficiently remove the microorganisms carried by the crustaceans in the culture pond and maintain the high survival rate of the crustaceans, the present invention provides a bactericide for aquaculture, which is effective for removing the culture by the peracetic acid produced by dissolving the sterilizing agent. The bacteria carried by the crustaceans in the pool maintain the high survival rate of the crustaceans.

In practice, the sterilizing agent provided by the present invention may be pre-dissolved in water and directly poured into an aquaculture pond containing crustacean zooplankton, wherein the aquaculture pond may be a fish pond or a shrimp pond, and the aquaculture pond is The pool water can be sea water, brackish water or fresh water. Then, after effective sterilization (about 15 minutes to 2 days), the drainage of the pool water is performed and the pool water is replenished.

Alternatively, the artificially cultured crustacean zooplankton may be treated in an aqueous solution of the sterilizing agent provided by the present invention in a continuously aerated container water, and then taken up and poured into a culture tank to feed the fish.

The specific embodiments described herein will be further illustrated by the following embodiments. However, this embodiment should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Modifications to this embodiment are still considered to be within the scope of the invention in the spirit of the invention.

The bactericide was prepared by mixing tetraethylamethylenediamine (TAED) with sodium percarbonate at 1:2.5% by weight and making a 1% aqueous solution, and further adding citric acid so that the pH of the 1% aqueous solution was 7.2. The solution was further diluted 20 times with distilled water to 500 mg/l, wherein the peracetic acid concentration was 62.5 mg/l.

Prepare 7 beakers (50 ml), each containing a water sample (50 ml) of the lame, measuring the microbial biomass of 3.84 x 10 ⁴ cfu/ml, and adding different concentrations of peracetic acid solution to the beaker. And measuring the duration of the number of colonies after the addition of acetic acid is zero and the survival rate of the stolons.

Example 1: 0.5 ml of peracetic acid was added to a first beaker to obtain 0.625 mg/l of peracetic acid. When the duration lasted for 15 minutes, the survival rate of the copepods was 23.4%.

Example 2: After 0.5 ml of peracetic acid was diluted to 1 ml, 0.5 ml was added to a second beaker to obtain 0.312 mg/l of peracetic acid. When the duration lasted for 15 minutes, the survival rate of the lame was 71%.

Example 3: After taking 0.5 ml of peracetic acid and diluting to 1.25 ml, 0.5 ml was added to a third beaker to obtain 0.25 mg/l of peracetic acid. When the duration lasted for 15 minutes, the survival rate of the lame was 92.5%.

Example 4: After 0.5 ml of peracetic acid was diluted to 1.5 ml, 0.5 ml was added to a fourth beaker to obtain 0.208 mg/l of peracetic acid. When the duration lasted for 30 minutes, the survival rate of the copepods was 61.7%.

Example 5: After 0.5 ml of peracetic acid was diluted to 1.75 ml, 0.5 ml was added to a fifth beaker to obtain 0.179 mg/l of peracetic acid. When the duration lasts for 30 minutes, the survival rate of the lame is 80%.

Example 6: After taking 0.5 ml of peracetic acid and diluting to 2 ml, 0.5 ml was added to a sixth beaker to obtain 0.156 mg/l of peracetic acid. When the duration lasted for 30 minutes, the survival rate of the copepods was 89.5%.

Example 7: After 0.5 ml of peracetic acid was diluted to 2.5 ml, 0.5 ml was added to a sixth beaker to obtain 0.125 mg/l of peracetic acid. When the duration lasted for 30 minutes, the survival rate of the lame was 93.2%.

Examples 3, 5, 6 and 7 used 0.25 mg/l and 0.125 mg/l peracetic acid concentrations, respectively, and completely inhibited the microorganisms for a duration of 15 minutes and 30 minutes, respectively, and the survival rate of the copepods exceeded 80. %.

From the above results, it was confirmed that the sterilizing agent provided by the present invention can completely remove the microorganisms carried by the crustaceans in the pool water containing the crustacean zooplankton while maintaining the survival rate of the crustaceans at 80% or more. Therefore, the bactericide provided by the present invention can effectively maintain the survival of the crustacean zooplankton and thereby provide a sufficient amount of bait for the fish to feed.

Claims (9)

A bactericide for aquaculture comprising: (a) 15-45% by weight of a guanamine compound; (b) 35-65% by weight of an inorganic peroxide; and (c) 1.0-45% by weight of a pH buffer The agent, wherein the total weight of the three (a), (b) and (c) is 100% by weight and is dissolved in water to obtain a peracetic acid having a concentration of from 0.0125 to 0.5 mg/l. The bactericide according to claim 1, wherein the guanamine compound is tetraethylethylenediamine, tetraethylene gluconate (TAGU; tetracetyl glycoluryle), pentaerythritol glucose (PAG; glucose) Pentaacetate) or a mixture of them. A bactericide according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic peroxide is carbamide peroxide, perborate, percarbonate, perphosphate or a mixture thereof. The bactericide according to claim 1, wherein the pH buffer is an alkaline solution having a pH of from 7.0 to 10.5 in peracetic acid in water. A bactericide according to claim 1, wherein the bactericide is used in an aquaculture pond containing crustacean zooplankton. For example, the bactericide of claim 5, wherein the aquaculture pond is a fish pond or a shrimp pond. For example, the bactericide of claim 5, wherein the pool of the aquaculture pond is seawater, brackish water or fresh water. The fungicide according to claim 5, wherein the crustacean zooplankton is selected from the group consisting of Copepoda, Phyllopoda, Amphipoda, Schizopoda, and Schizopod. (Subord Cladocera) or ten-footed (Decapoda) zooplankton. The bactericide according to claim 8, wherein the ten-footed zooplankton is selected from the group consisting of white prawn (Litopenaeus vannamei), grass prawn (Penaeus monodon), blue shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris), freshwater long-legged prawn (Macrobranchium rosenbergii). Shrimp (Penaeus chinensis), Penaeus japonicus, Parapenaeopsis hardwichkii, Penaeus pencillatus, Penaeus semisulcatus, Farfintepenaeus aztecus, and Metapenaeus ensis Or a combination of them.