CN110915727A - Method for breeding multiple colorful double-tail goldfish through distant hybridization - Google Patents
Method for breeding multiple colorful double-tail goldfish through distant hybridization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding various colorful double-tailed goldfishes by distant hybridization, which comprises the following steps: the golden fish is characterized in that brocade carps are used as female parents, megalobrama amblycephala is used as male parents for distant hybridization, the first filial generation of the golden fish is used for obtaining the golden fish of Xiangjun golden fish, male and female golden fish are selected from the golden fish for special pond cultivation, artificial spawning is performed, artificial dry insemination is performed, running water incubation is performed, yolk disappears after the self-bred offspring fish fry of the male and female golden fish of Xiangjun golden fish is hatched to the waist, artificial intensive cultivation is performed, and the homologous diploid golden fish of Xiangjun golden fish with white-bottom red patterns, bifurcate double-tail and high back type is selected from the golden fish. And hybridizing the Xiangjun goldfish with other goldfishes in the nature to breed various beautiful colorful double-tail goldfishes with different colors, wherein the double-tail goldfishes have obvious hybridization advantages, very high yield and egg laying amount and very important effect on improvement of other goldfishes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish hybridization, and particularly relates to a method for breeding various colorful double-tailed goldfishes through distant hybridization.
Background
Distant hybridization refers to hybridization between species, genera, or even types of organisms with more distant relationships. Distant crosses can result in the transfer of a genome from one species to another, resulting in changes in both phenotype and genotype of the progeny of the cross. The distant hybridization can integrate the advantages of parents, so that the filial generation shows the advantages of hybridization in aspects of appearance, growth speed, survival rate, disease resistance and the like.
Goldfish is a beautiful ornamental fish, and is deeply favored by people because of bright and attractive color. Meanwhile, the cultivation and appreciation of goldfishes add brilliance and fun to the life of people, and along with the rapid development of aquatic science and technology and goldfish cultivation production, the demand of people on goldfish varieties is increased more and more. The variety, dynamic swimming posture, static balance, fin stretching degree and integrity, color glossiness, pattern distribution, on-site expressive force and the like of the goldfish are the aesthetic standards of the goldfish. Generally, the breeding of goldfish is a long-term process, needs to combine professional biological knowledge, needs to be eliminated untimely, and needs to invest a great deal of manpower and material resources. Continuously breeding new goldfish varieties with high fertility, high growth speed, beautiful body shape, unique body color and strong stress resistance, and has very important significance for the technical development of the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for breeding various colorful double-tailed goldfishes by distant hybridization for breeding new goldfish varieties which are fertile, fast in growth speed, beautiful in body shape, unique in body color and strong in stress resistance.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding a plurality of colorful double-tailed goldfishes by distant hybridization comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of carrying out distant hybridization by taking a brocade carp as a female parent and a megalobrama amblycephala as a male parent, obtaining a golden carp of Xiangjun golden carp with high back, blue eyes and red flowers on the first filial generation, selecting male and female Xiangjun golden carp with obvious sexual maturity characteristics, no diseases, no injury and good physical signs from the golden carp, carrying out special pool cultivation, carrying out artificial induced spawning, artificial dry insemination and running water incubation until the fish fry of the selfing progeny of the male and female Xiangjun golden carp is waist-lighted, completely losing yolk, transferring the fish fry to a water pool for artificial intensive culture, detecting when the fish fry grows to 3cm, screening out homologous diploid golden carp of diploid military jun with white back red patterns, bifurcate and high back, and hybridizing the golden carp with other golden carps in nature to cultivate the colorful and beautiful golden carp with various body color changes, various styles and streamline.
Preferably, the specific operation of distant hybridization with koi as female parent and megalobrama amblycephala as male parent comprises the following steps: selecting strong and bright female koi and megalobrama amblycephala with high back and silver gray to perform artificial induced spawning, artificial dry insemination and running water hatching; the conditions of the artificial induced spawning are as follows: injecting lutein-releasing hormone A25ug/kg, chorionic gonadotropin 1000 units/kg and domperidone 2mg/kg into female koi; male megalobrama amblycephala is injected with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A23 ug/kg and chorionic gonadotropin 600 units/kg; the incubation temperature in running water is 22-24 ℃.
Preferably, the special pond cultivation specifically comprises the following steps: at the end of 12 months in the year, pulling the net and fishing, selecting male and female Xiangjunjin crucian carps with obvious sexual maturity characteristics, no diseases, no injuries and good physical signs from the male and female Xiangjunjin crucian carps, placing the male and female Xiangjunjin crucian carps in a special pool for cultivation, keeping the water quality good at any moment during the cultivation period, promoting the gonad development of the parent fishes, wherein the oxygen content in the water is more than 5mg/L, the pH value is between 7.2 and 7.4, and the ammonia nitrogen content is 0 to 0.1 mg/L.
Preferably, the artificial induced spawning specifically comprises the following steps: in the last ten days of the next year from 3 months to 4 months, when the water temperature is 21-24 ℃, selecting male army brocade crucian carps which are cultured in a special pond and can extrude milky white semen by slightly pressing the abdomen as male parents and female army brocade crucian carps which are soft and elastic at the abdomen as female parents to carry out artificial induced spawning, wherein the hormone injected by the induced spawning is a mixed induced spawning agent of chorionic gonadotropin and lutein release hormone analogues, the hormone is 700 IU/kg for chorionic gonadotropin, the hormone release hormone analogues are 5-6ug/kg, the male dose is half of the female dose, the female parent fishes are placed in the pond according to the number ratio of 2:1 after the injection, and the female parent fishes are stimulated by running water until the male fishes smoothly lay eggs and produce sperms.
Preferably, the artificial dry insemination specifically comprises the following steps: selecting female Xiangjunjin crucian carps capable of smoothly laying eggs, extruding the eggs into a clean and dry pot, extruding the sperm of the female Xiangjunjin crucian carps with large production quantity into the same porcelain pot for artificial dry insemination, and then placing the fertilized eggs into a hatching tank with the water temperature of 20-22 ℃ for running water hatching.
Preferably, the artificial intensive culture specifically comprises the following steps: carrying out artificial intensive culture in a small pond with the length of 1 meter, the width of 1 meter and the depth of 2 meters, changing water for two weeks, feeding the feed for 1-2 times every day with the water level in the pond not exceeding 90cm, ensuring that the fry is eaten within 1 hour, wherein the feeding time is spring and summer, the feeding is early, the fry is dried in the sun at 7-8 am and fed in the fish pond, the feeding time in autumn is 8-9, and the feeding time in winter is 10-11.
In the breeding process, the invention discovers that the golden fish of Xiangjun needs to be cultivated in a special pond without mixed cultivation, the water depth cannot be too deep, and running water stimulation is needed, so that the tail fin of the golden fish can be unfolded and the pattern can be stabilized, and the golden fish of Xiangjun cannot be too fat in the cultivation process, so that the situation that the golden fish of Xiangjun is fat is avoided. Compared with the goldfish in the market, the golden fish of Xiangjun golden fish cultivated in the experiment has the advantages of strong fertility, low oxygen resistance, large yield, large egg laying amount, high growth speed and multiple color changes, and is a high-quality ornamental fish.
Preferably, the detection is to perform biological characteristic detection of chromosome number, DNA content, blood cell size and appearance characteristics on the selfing offspring of male and female Xiangjunjin crucian carps by a chromosome method, a flow cytometry method and a blood smear method.
Preferably, the other goldfishes comprise gilding fish, lion head goldfish, tiger head goldfish, dragon fine goldfish or pearl goldfish.
Preferably, the specific operation of hybridizing the golden fish of Xiangjun with other golden fish in nature comprises the following steps: taking male Xiangjun goldfish which is strong in growth, bright in body color and vigorous in vitality as a male parent, taking female gilded goldfish, lion head goldfish, tiger head goldfish, dragon fine goldfish or pearl goldfish as a female parent, performing induced spawning, respectively extruding obtained eggs into porcelain pots, respectively adding appropriate semen, stirring gently with dry feathers, pouring into a culture dish for running water incubation, and keeping the water temperature at 22-24 ℃.
Preferably, the induced spawning comprises the following steps: the maternal fish was injected with 500 units/kg of chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue A21 ug/kg, and 1ug/kg of diosdone, with the male dose being half of the female dose.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes distant hybridization of koi of subfamily Cyprinidae and megalobrama amblycephala of subfamily Cyprinidae in Cyprinidae to F1The golden carp of Xiangjun golden carp with parent advantages is obtained by generation (the weight of one year can reach 350 g, the back height, the sexual maturity time is one year, the disease resistance is strong), the golden carp of Xiangjun golden carp is cultivated in a cultivation mode of ornamental fish, and the golden carp with body back height, blue eye and white-bottom red flower patterns is screened for selfing, so that golden carp of Xiangjun golden carp with bifurcate double tail, body back height and white-bottom red flower patterns is obtained.
2. The invention also utilizes the hybridization of the golden fish of the Xiangjun with other goldfishes (gilding, lion head, tiger head, dragon fine and pearl) in the nature, the goldfishes of filial generations have obvious hybridization advantages, have very high yield and egg yield, and have very important function on the improvement of other goldfishes, and various goldfishes obtained by breeding have important value in the aspects of fish genetic breeding and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the appearance of a Xiangjun goldfish in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow cytogram of a golden junior of the Hunan province in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a blood cell map of a golden yellow croaker of Xiangjun in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a chromosome map of a golden yellow croaker of Xiangjun in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a paraffin section of a golden yellow croaker of Xiangjun in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a drawing showing the appearance of the cross-generation color double-tailed goldfish between Xiangjun goldfish and other goldfishes in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example (b):
a method for breeding a plurality of colorful double-tailed goldfishes by distant hybridization comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and culturing parent fish: selecting strong and bright female koi and megalobrama amblycephala with high back and silver gray to perform artificial induced spawning, artificial dry insemination and running water hatching; the conditions of the artificial induced spawning are as follows: injecting lutein-releasing hormone A25ug/kg, chorionic gonadotropin 1000 units/kg and domperidone 2mg/kg into female koi; male megalobrama amblycephala is injected with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A23 ug/kg and chorionic gonadotropin 600 units/kg; how to adopt artificial dry insemination and then breed hybrid offspring through flowing water incubation (the temperature is 22-24 ℃);
(2) selecting and cultivating Xiangjun brocade crucian: at the end of 12 months in the current year, pulling a net and fishing, selecting high-back Xiangjunjin crucian carp with obvious sexual maturity characteristics, no diseases and injuries and good physical signs from the high-back Xiangjunjin crucian carp as a parent, placing the parent in a special pond for cultivation, keeping the water quality of a water body good and the oxygen content in the water sufficient at any moment during the cultivation period, keeping the oxygen content in the water above 5mg/L, the pH value between 7.2 and 7.4 and the ammonia nitrogen content below 0.1mg/L, keeping the parent in a good physiological state in the breeding period, well performing the feeding management work, and keeping the parent in the breeding period in the previous month before the breeding period stimulated by running water every day to promote the gonad of the parent fish to mature;
(3) artificial hastening parturition: selecting male high-back army brocade crucian carp and female army brocade crucian carp with soft and elastic abdomen from parent fish cultured in special pond at the end of 3 months and 4 months in the next year when water temperature is stabilized at 20-22 deg.C, performing artificial induced spawning, wherein the hormone injected by female parent induced spawning is chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) with dosage of 800IU/kg, the hormone releasing hormone analogue (LRH-A) with dosage of 5ug/kg, the male dosage is half of the female dosage, and female and male parent fish are placed on the same water surface with area of 100m according to the quantity ratio of 2:1 after injection2In left and right spawning ponds, and stimulating with running water untilOn the second day, the egg and the sperm are smoothly produced;
(4) insemination and hatching: after artificial spawning induction, selecting high-back Hunan army brocade crucian carps capable of smoothly spawning and producing sperms on the next day, firstly extruding the ova of the high-back Hunan army brocade crucian carps into a clean and dry porcelain basin, then extruding the semen of the high-back Hunan army brocade crucian carps onto the ova, immediately scattering the ova by using feathers, fully stirring the ova so as to improve the insemination rate, and finally placing fertilized ova into an incubation groove with the water temperature of 20-22 ℃ for water incubation;
(5) fry breeding: after the fish fries are subjected to demoulding and are all hatched, continuously culturing in a hatching tank until the fish fries can be transferred to a small cement pool (1 meter long, 1 meter wide and 2 meters deep) fertilized in advance to be cultured in a waist-pointing manner, the water level in the pool is not more than 90cm, water is changed for two weeks, soybean milk is required to be splashed to the cement pool for 2 times every day after the fish fries are put in the pool to ensure the nutrition supply of the fish fries, the feed powder can be fed until the fish fries are about 3cm long, the feed is fed for 1-2 times every day, the feeding amount of each time is required to ensure that the double-tailed goldfish fries are eaten within 1h, the feeding time is spring and early in summer, the sun starts to be sunned when the fish pool is 7-8 a morning, the feeding time is 8-9 in autumn, and the feeding time is 10-11 in winter;
compared with the parent breeding methods (koi and megalobrama amblycephala), the breeding method of the Xiangjun goldfish has obvious difference, and the koi and the megalobrama amblycephala are suitable for breeding in large and deep soil ponds and are beneficial to the gonad development and maturity of the koi and the megalobrama amblycephala by flowing water stimulation; the culture of the Xiangjun goldfish is suitable for culturing in a small water pool, because the Xiangjun goldfish has a slow swimming speed and weak food robbing capability, running water is not suitable for too deep (usually 90cm of water depth), small running water is added into the water pool, the transparency of the water is 10-15cm, the Xiangjun goldfish is beneficial to the longer length of the two tails of the Xiangjun goldfish, and the bifurcations of the two tails are more obvious. In the development process of Xiangjun goldfish, the color is easy to change. In the cultivation process, besides the condition of water depth in the pond, regular observation is carried out, double tails with beautiful branches are bred, the double tails are dropped into the pond with the water depth of 60cm, the pond is enabled to continue to grow, and the feed is fed in the morning, the noon and the evening each day. The growth of the body type of the Xiangjun goldfish is controlled in a small-amount multi-meal mode, and records are made at regular time to screen more beautiful and high-quality Xiangjun goldfish as a breeding object.
(6) And (3) detection and screening: after the fry grows to 3cm, carrying out biological characteristic detection on chromosome number, DNA content, blood cell size and appearance characteristics of the selfing offspring of male and female Xiangjunjin crucian carps by a chromosome method, a flow cytometry and a blood smear method, and screening out homologous diploid Xiangjun goldfish with white background red patterns, bifurcate double tails and high back type (as shown in figure 1);
(7) hybridization with other goldfishes: and hybridizing the Xiangjun goldfish with other goldfishes (including gilding goldfish, lion head goldfish, tiger head goldfish, Longqing goldfish or pearl goldfish) in nature to culture a plurality of colorful double-tail goldfishes with various body color changes, coquettish and rich posture, streamlined body, different colors and beautiful appearance.
The invention has the advantages that the high-back army golden carp obtained by distant hybridization of the golden carp and the megalobrama amblycephala is utilized, and the high-back army golden carp with bifurcate tail and beautiful performance is obtained by selfing the high-back army golden carp. In addition, the acquisition of the homologous diploid Xiangjun goldfish provides a large number of parent sources for preparing various colorful double-tail goldfishes in the future, and meanwhile, the high-back type Xiangjun goldfish with bifurcate double-tail and beautiful Xiangjun goldfish is also a beautiful ornamental fish and is not rich in germplasm resources of the ornamental fish.
The high-back type Xiangjun golden carp is bred through selfing to obtain high-back forked Xiangjun golden carp, 20 golden carps are selected randomly, and the traditional method is adopted to measure the scalability of the full length, the body length, the head height, the tail handle length, the body height and the like by using a vernier caliper and the like; counting countable characters such as back fin rays, hip fin rays, side line scales and the like. In order to eliminate the influence of different individual sizes on the value of the measurable characteristic, the ratio of the measurable characteristic obtained by sampling is calculated and arranged, the values of body length/full length, body height/body length, head length/body length, caudal peduncle length/caudal peduncle and the like are calculated, the values are input into SPSS19.0 to carry out statistical treatment on each ratio by a biological statistical method, and the treated data are shown in tables 1 and 2.
Table 1: countable character statistics of Xiangjun golden carp generated by selfing Xiangjun golden carp
Table 2: xiangjun goldfish and parent countable character ratio statistics
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, in the countable characters, all countable character values (side line scale, back fin line, chest fin line and hip fin line) of the xiangjun golden carp are similar to those of the xiangjun golden carp, and have no significant difference (P > 0.05). In the scalability shapes, all scalability shapes of the Xiangjun goldfish have no significant difference (P >0.05) from the scalability shapes of the Xiangjun golden carp. In addition, the golden carp of Xiangjun obtained by distant hybridization of the fancy carp and the megalobrama amblycephala is more worthy of being mentioned, and the golden carp of Xiangjun obtained by selfing of the golden carp of Xiangjun has beautiful body shape, white red pattern on the bottom and obvious bifurcate double tails, is a beautiful novel ornamental fish, and plays an important role in enriching germplasm resources of the ornamental fish. Therefore, the method has good application value.
Subsequently, 10 individuals of the golden fish of jun xiang were subjected to flow detection using chromosomes cultured in peripheral blood cells, and as a result, as shown in fig. 2, the number of chromosomes was sampled and detected, thereby confirming that the golden fish of jun xiang is a diploid fish with the number of chromosomes of 100.
Distant hybridization of the brocade carp and the megalobrama amblycephala is carried out to obtain Xiangjun golden carp, selfing of the Xiangjun golden carp is carried out to obtain Xiangjun golden carp, after 2-3 months of culture, 12 offspring are extracted from offspring immediately, and the ploidy of the offspring is determined by a flow cytometer. The offspring ploidy is shown in Table 3.
Table 3: ploidy statistical result of Xiangjun goldfish
By using red crucian as a control and measuring the DNA content of the red cells of the golden fish of Xiangjun formed by distant hybridization of the koi and the megalobrama amblycephala by using a flow cytometer, the result shows that the DNA content of the golden fish of Xiangjun is about 108, the DNA content of the red crucian is about 105, and the ratio has no significant difference (P is more than 0.05) with the predicted theoretical ratio of 1:1, so that the ploidy of the golden fish of Xiangjun is consistent with the ploidy of the red crucian and is diploid.
Meanwhile, whether obvious dumbbell-shaped blood cells exist in the red blood cells of the golden fish of Xiangjun is observed by using the blood smear (as shown in figure 3), the blood smear of the golden fish of Xiangjun is used as a control, the blood smear of the golden fish of Xiangjun is compared, and the comparison shows that no dumbbell-shaped nuclear blood cells are found in filial generations, so that the filial generation golden fish of Xiangjun is proved to be a diploid fish. By chromosome preparation of the one-year Hunan Jun Goldfish, the number mode of chromosomes was found to be 100 as shown in FIG. 4. During the breeding period, the fertility of the golden fish of Xiangjun is observed, and as shown in figure 5, the golden fish of Xiangjun obtained by hybridization of the fancy carp and the megalobrama amblycephala is found to have very large production amount and egg laying amount. The method greatly solves the problem that the spawning amount and the yield amount of the goldfish are low in nature, and plays an important role in improving goldfish varieties.
A process for preparing chromosome from Xiangjun goldfish bred for three months includes such steps as preparing culture medium (①) in ultra-clean bench, preparing culture medium (100 mL) containing RPMI-1640 (84 mL), calf serum (15 mL), PHA (2 pieces), heparin (1 mL) and 0.1% heparin sodium (7.5% NaHCO)3Adjusting pH to 7.2-7.4 with (sterile) or 1N HCl, ② sucking a small amount of sterilized sodium heparin solution with a syringe for blood sampling from the tail part of an experimental fish disinfected with iodine, ③ adding anticoagulated blood into the culture solution according to the standard that about 0.2mL of anticoagulated blood is added into every 10mL of culture solution, culturing for 68-72 hours in an incubator with 24 ℃ and 5% carbon dioxide concentration, shaking up gently periodically during the culturing period to make cells fully contact with the culture medium, ④ stopping culturing for 24 hours before the culturing, dripping 10ug/mL of colchicine into the culture solution with 1mL of syringe to make the final concentration 0.05-0.07 mu g/mL, ⑤ transferring the culture into a clean 10mL centrifuge tube, centrifuging for 5min at 1000rpm, discarding the supernatant, ⑥ adding 9mL of low-permeability liquid into the centrifuge tube, mixing uniformly, 25-30 min of low permeability liquid, ⑦ adding 1mL of stationary liquid, mixing uniformly, centrifuging for 5min at 1000rpm, discarding supernatant, and centrifuging for 5min⑧ adding 5ml of stationary liquid, mixing gently, standing for 20min, centrifuging at 1000rpm for 5min, discarding the supernatant, ⑨ repeating step 4 once, ⑩ adding a proper amount of stationary liquid to the final cell number to prepare cell suspension (generally 1-2 ml), sucking the cell suspension from a height of 20-30 cm, dropping the cell suspension into the cell suspension, blowing off the cell suspension gently, naturally drying the cell suspension in the air, dyeing with Giemsa dye solution for 20-40 min, washing the back of the slide with trickle water to remove the dye solution, drying in the air, performing microscopic examination, and taking a picture.
The blood smear procedure was as follows: 0.2mL of blood is extracted from the tail of the fish by a 1.0mL syringe, a drop is placed on a glass slide, a new glass slide is scraped in a direction inclined by 45 degrees uniformly to cover the whole glass slide as much as possible, Giemasa staining solution is dripped to cover the glass slide uniformly and stain the glass slide for 10 to 15min, then the glass slide is washed from the back by trickle water, dried and then examined by a microscope.
During the breeding period, a set of hybridized goldfish with distinctive morphology, beautiful patterns and distinctive scales is obtained by hybridizing Xiangjun goldfish with pearl goldfish, gilding fish, tiger head goldfish, lion head goldfish and Longqing goldfish, and a novel variety of goldfish in the market is enriched (as shown in figure 6). The method comprises the following specific steps: taking golden fish of Xiangjun who is robust in growth, bright in body color and vigorous in life as male, taking gilding fish, tiger head goldfish, Longqing goldfish and lion head goldfish as female, injecting chorionic gonadotropin 500 units/kg, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue A21 ug/kg and diospyrone 1ug/kg into the female goldfish, extruding ova of the goldfish into porcelain pots with different numbers respectively, adding proper semen into the porcelain pots respectively, stirring the mixture lightly with dried feathers, pouring the mixture into a culture dish for flowing water incubation, and keeping the water temperature at 22-24 ℃.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding a plurality of colorful double-tailed goldfishes by distant hybridization is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out distant hybridization by taking a brocade carp as a female parent and a megalobrama amblycephala as a male parent, obtaining a golden carp of Xiangjun golden carp with high back, blue eyes and red flowers on the first filial generation, selecting male and female Xiangjun golden carp with obvious sexual maturity characteristics, no diseases, no injury and good physical signs from the golden carp, carrying out special pond cultivation, carrying out artificial induced spawning, artificial dry insemination and running water incubation until the fish fry of the selfing progeny of the male and female Xiangjun golden carp is spotted on the waist, the egg yolk disappears completely, transferring the fish fry to a water pool for artificial intensive culture, detecting after the fish fry grows to 3cm, screening out homologous diploid golden carp with red patterns on white bottom, bifurcate and high back from the fish, and hybridizing the golden carp with other golden carp in nature to culture a plurality of color double-tail golden carps.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific operation of distant hybridization with koi as female parent and megalobrama amblycephala as male parent comprises the following steps: selecting strong and bright female koi and megalobrama amblycephala with high back and silver gray to perform artificial induced spawning, artificial dry insemination and running water hatching; the conditions of the artificial induced spawning are as follows: injecting lutein-releasing hormone A25ug/kg, chorionic gonadotropin 1000 units/kg and domperidone 2mg/kg into female koi; male megalobrama amblycephala is injected with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A23 ug/kg and chorionic gonadotropin 600 units/kg; the incubation temperature in running water is 22-24 ℃.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the spot cultivation specifically comprises the steps of: at the end of 12 months in the year, pulling the net and fishing, selecting male and female Xiangjunjin crucian carps with obvious sexual maturity characteristics, no diseases, no injuries and good physical signs from the male and female Xiangjunjin crucian carps, placing the male and female Xiangjunjin crucian carps in a special pool for cultivation, keeping the water quality good at any moment during the cultivation period, promoting the gonad development of the parent fishes, wherein the oxygen content in the water is more than 5mg/L, the pH value is between 7.2 and 7.4, and the ammonia nitrogen content is 0 to 0.1 mg/L.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the artificial induced spawning specifically comprises the steps of: in the last ten days of the next year from 3 months to 4 months, when the water temperature is 21-24 ℃, selecting male army brocade crucian carps which are cultured in a special pond and can extrude milky white semen by slightly pressing the abdomen as male parents and female army brocade crucian carps which are soft and elastic at the abdomen as female parents to carry out artificial induced spawning, wherein the hormone injected by the induced spawning is a mixed induced spawning agent of chorionic gonadotropin and lutein release hormone analogues, the hormone is 700 IU/kg for chorionic gonadotropin, the hormone release hormone analogues are 5-6ug/kg, the male dose is half of the female dose, the female parent fishes are placed in the pond according to the number ratio of 2:1 after the injection, and the female parent fishes are stimulated by running water until the male fishes smoothly lay eggs and produce sperms.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said artificial dry insemination comprises in particular the following steps: selecting female Xiangjunjin crucian carps capable of smoothly laying eggs, extruding the eggs into a clean and dry pot, extruding the sperm of the female Xiangjunjin crucian carps with large production quantity into the same porcelain pot for artificial dry insemination, and then placing the fertilized eggs into a hatching tank with the water temperature of 20-22 ℃ for running water hatching.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the artificial intensive culture comprises the following steps: carrying out artificial intensive culture in a small pond with the length of 1 meter, the width of 1 meter and the depth of 2 meters, changing water for two weeks, feeding the feed for 1-2 times every day with the water level in the pond not exceeding 90cm, ensuring that the fry is eaten within 1 hour, wherein the feeding time is spring and summer, the feeding is early, the fry is dried in the sun at 7-8 am and fed in the fish pond, the feeding time in autumn is 8-9, and the feeding time in winter is 10-11.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the detection is biological characteristic detection of chromosome number, DNA content, blood cell size and appearance characteristics of the selfing offspring of male and female Xiangjunjin crucian carp by a chromosome method, a flow cytometry and a blood smear method.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the other goldfishes comprise gilding fish, lion-head goldfish, tiger-head goldfish, dragon-clear goldfish or pearl goldfish.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the specific operation of crossing said jun goldfish with other goldfishes in nature comprises the steps of: taking male Xiangjun goldfish which is strong in growth, bright in body color and vigorous in vitality as a male parent, taking female gilded goldfish, lion head goldfish, tiger head goldfish, dragon fine goldfish or pearl goldfish as a female parent, performing induced spawning, respectively extruding obtained eggs into porcelain pots, respectively adding appropriate semen, stirring gently with dry feathers, pouring into a culture dish for running water incubation, and keeping the water temperature at 22-24 ℃.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said induced spawning comprises the steps of: the maternal fish was injected with 500 units/kg of chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue A21 ug/kg, and 1ug/kg of diosdone, with the male dose being half of the female dose.
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