JP4852228B2 - メディア信号を通信するためのシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
メディア信号を通信するためのシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
この出願は、2001年9月26日出願の出願番号第60/325,483号、代理人整理番号ID-PAT-001PR1の"System and Method for Communicating Media Signals"と題されたReynold等の仮出願の非仮出願である
分野
この開示はソース装置と受信装置との間でメディア信号を通信するためのシステム及び方法に関する。より明確には、ストリーミング・メディア信号及びスタティック・メディア信号を圧縮及び解凍して、それら信号をソース装置及び受信装置の間で人工知能機構を用いて効率的に通信するためのシステム及び方法に関する。
種々のタイプのメディアを通信するための指数関数的な要求に鑑みて、様々な圧縮/解凍システム(「CODEC」)が多年にわたって開発されてきおり、そして特に著しい研究及び開発の最近の主題となってきている。CODECの特定タイプやストリーミング・メディア信号及びスタティック・メディア信号の通信に関するCODECの動作を管理するシステムは、例えば、グラフィックス及び映像等の静止フレーム画像やストリーミング・メディアを含む特定タイプのメディアに対して開発されてきている。
様々な異なるタイプのスタティック・メディアCODECが開発されてきており、幅広い種類のこれらCODECが広範に知られ且つ使用されている。特に注目の主題となってきている1つの特定タイプのスタティック・メディアは、(適切な圧縮/解凍要望に著しく衝撃を与えるようなフレーム間のサイズ及び一時的関係等のより複雑な変数によってストリーミング・メディアとしてビデオ前後関係において一般的には取り扱われるような複数の相関された画像フレームから成る長い一続きを介しての)様々な画像を含む。スタティック・メディアCODEC処理の例は従来の画像CODECテクノロジー及び方法の特定の特有タイプを参照することで例証される。
ビデオ圧縮は、(「ビデオ・オン・デマンド」等の)事前記録済みビデオ、テレコンファレンシング、並びに、(放送等の)ライブ・ビデオ等々を含む様々な応用例に強力に開発された主題であって。「デスクートップ」コンピュータ、ワイヤレス装置、従前のテレビジョン、並びに、高品位テレビジョンは、効率的なビデオ圧縮システムが対応しなければならない種々のタイプの受信装置の例である。
ビデオ圧縮の改善に関する最近の社会的な関心事に加えて、オーディオ圧縮は同様に、オーディオ放送、音楽、ビデオと同期した伝送、並びに、ライブ双方向音声(例えば電話)を含んでいる様々なライブ或は事前記録された応用例に対する著しい研究開発の話題となってきた。これらオーディオ圧縮応用例の任意のもの或は全てのものは、広範に変動する能力及び動作パラメータを有する多数のハンドヘルド装置或はデスクトップ装置上等のクライアント側の広範囲にわたる受信器/プレイヤーと互換性がなければならない。
最近は様々なシステム及び方法が開示され、人工知能(「AI」)或はストリーミング・メディア信号の圧縮及び解凍を伴うニューラルネットワークを統合すべく意図されている。
また、ストリーミング・メディア通信の分野における最近の関心事の内の1つは、現行使用における「フォーマット特定」エンコーディング・システムの広範なアレイの間に相互通信を提供することである。様々な異なるフォーマット特定システム及び事前コード化コンテンツの既存の分野は、コード化されたコンテンツを処理すべく広範囲に分裂された能力を作り出し、コンテンツ・プロバイダ及びクライアント・ユーザの間に互換性争点の著しい窮地を生み出している。もしあるクライアントが特定のソースからストリーミング・コンテンツを見ること或は聞くことを望めば、そしてそのコンテンツが圧縮のためのCODECを通過させる必要があれば、互換性あるCODECがその信号を楽しむべく解凍のためにクライアント側で使用されなければならない。残念ながらソース・コンテンツは、ほんの少しのそしてしばしば1つのみの特定CODEC方式としばしば合体される。それ故に、もしクライアントがそうしたコード化コンテンツを要求すれば(或は、もしソースがそのコード化コンテンツを特定クライアントへの引き渡しを望めば)、2つの規準の内の1つが合致しなければならない、即ち、(1)クライアントはフォーマット特定CODEC(デコーダ)をダウンロード或は保持しなけれならない、或は、(2)ソース・メディアを「トランスコーダ」を通過させなければならなず、そのソース・メディアを第1フォーマットからクライアントの装置/システムと互換性ある第2フォーマットにデコードする。用語「トランスコーダ」は、メディア信号を1つのコード化(即ち圧縮)フォーマットから別のフォーマットに変換するシステムを意味するようにここでは意図されている。
特定のストリーミング・メディア信号を所望標的に通信するために適切なCODECの選択に衝撃を与える可能性がある数多くの変数を更に説明する目的で、以下にストリーミング・ビデオ・フォーマットの様々な異なるタイプと処理システムとの簡単な要約を提供する。確信されることは、これら異なるシステムが、各々、異なるタイプの圧縮様式(例えば、CODEC)を必要としていることであり、有効な伝送速度及び帯域幅を考慮して、通信と、ストリーミング・メディア信号の再生とを受信器処理パラメータと共に最適化する。
(ii)技術者は速度よりもデータレートを用いるが、(「なぜ私のウェブページはここでより高速とならないのか?」のような)速度はより少ない技術的傾向に対してより意味深長であるように見える。
(iii)データ通信に対する関連用語、帯域幅或は「容量」はパイプがどの程度広いのか且つビットがパイプ内のチャンネルにどの程度迅速に送信され得るのかを意味する。即ち、キャリア内の多数信号チャンネル上のデータは、通常、異なる用途に対する或は異なるユーザ間でのチャンネルによって振り分けられる。
キー:(i)「T」=合衆国、カナダ、並びに、日本におけるT-キャリア・システム...(ii)「DS」=ディジタル信号(T-キャリア或はE-キャリア上を移動)...(iii)「E」=1チャンネル当たり合計8ビットを使用する「T」の等価物;合衆国、カナダ、並びに、日本以外の国々で使用...(iv)「OC」=光キャリア(同期光ネットワーク)「STM」=同期トランスポート・モジュール(同期ディジタル階層参照)。(v)最も共通したテクノロジーだけが示されている。(vi)「物理的媒体」は一般的に記述され、ツイストペアの対の分類或は数や、光ファイバが単一モード或は多数モードであるのかを特定していない。(vii)テクノロジーの効果的な距離は示されていない。(viii)これらテクノロジーの多くに対して公表された標準がある。
カーブル・モデム注:ケーブル上での52Mbpsの上限はISP向けであり、現行では個人PC向けではない。今日のPCの殆どは10Mbps未満に適合できる内部設計に限定されている(PCIバス自体はより高速でデータを運ぶ)。52Mbpsケーブル・チャンネルは個々別々のユーザ間で分割されている。明らかに、チャンネルがより高速であれば、より少ないチャンネルがISPで必要とされ、個々別々のユーザをサポートするコストはより低くなる。
インターネットを介してのストリーミング・ビデオの通信は種々の通信様式にわたって行われ得て、例えばディジタル加入者線(「DSL」)、「T1」線、ケーブル・モデム、従来の電話サービス(「POTS」)・ダイアルアップ・モデム、並びに、ワイヤレス・キャリアを含んでいる。数多くの異なるワイヤレス通信様式の記載がここでは個別に取り扱われているが、これらのほかの通信モードの様々な要約は、以下のような更なる説明の目的のためにここでは以下に直ちに提供される。
様々な異なるタイプの受信器表示能力も、受信器による表示のための特定ストリーミング・メディア信号を効率的に通信するため、適切なCODECに著しい衝撃を与えた。そうした種々の表示パラメータ(例えば、解像度、明瞭性、カラー、深さ、サイズ、タイプ/フォーマット特定等)を説明する特定の例の簡単な要約がより良好な理解のために以下に提供されている。
(i)4:3のピクセル比で、16色で640x480ピクセルを表示するか或は256色で320x240ピクセルを表示するVGA又はビデオ・グラフィック・アレイ能力、
(ii)800x600x6ビット/ピクセル(16色)或は650x480x8ビット/ピクセル(256色)のSVGA又はスーパー・ビデオ・グラフィック・アレイ能力であり、SVGAはビデオ・エレクトロニクス・アソシエーション(VESA)によって作り出された、
(iii)32,768色で1024x768ピクセルのXGA(v1-4)又はエクステンデット・グラフィック・アレイ能力、
の事柄を含む。
ストリーミング・メディア信号に対する様々な異なるフォーマット自体は、どのようにしてCODECが特定の場合に対して変動し得るかの更なる理解をも提供すべく、非限定例によってここでも要約される。
、1テープ当たり6時間まで或は8時間まですら記録できる。
インターネットと同年代にとって等しく重要なことは、ワイヤレス通信の年代が、家庭或はオフィスの固定された領域の外側と対話すべく、社会的能力を著しく拡張したことであり、それによって我々の遠隔通信が電気ケーブルワイヤ及びケーブルから解放されることを可能とした。例えば2000年、移動電話(又は携帯電話)加入者の数は50%近くまで成長した。
ビデオ/オーディオ・トランスコーダ200は本発明に従って提供され、1つの入来ビデオ・ソース210が、人の介入無しに、多数のフォーマット215(例えば、MPEG4、Real Video(商標)、並びに、QuickTime(商標))を横切って1つの装置から流れることをイネーブルする。この実施例に従ったトランスコーダ200は、他の商業的に入手可能なトランスコーダ・システムの価格のほんの少しで実質的により大きな機能を提供する。更には、このシステムは「休む間もなく」稼働するので、ビデオ・ソース210の事前圧縮が著しく減らされている。
本発明は、所与の一連の制約を受けながら元のメディア・データの近似を最適に再生する、リアルタイムの動的データ信号処理用の、データ圧縮及び配信システム400、並びにその方法も提供する。このシステム400及び方法は図4A及び図5にブロック流れ図で概略的に図示されている。これ以下に、このシステムの多様の有益な特徴および動作の他の記載を、図4A〜図5につき示す記載をほぼ組み入れている実施例によって示す。
更に意図されていることは、本発明のストリーミング・メディア通信システムがワイヤレス・オーディオ通信ネットワーク内、特にセルラー通信系ネットワーク内において特に有用な用途を有する。それ故に、図7及び図8は、本発明の特定の各種実施例に従ったワイヤレス・オーディオ通信システムに特に適用されたストリーミング・メディア通信システム700及び800を細部の増大する量を伴って概略的に示している。特定の装置、システム・パラメータ、或は、図示された通信装置の配列が本発明の全体的な用途で有益であると思われる一方で、それらは制限していると考えられるべきではなく、この開示に基づき当業者に従って他の代替物で適切に置き換えられ得る。よって、この開示の他の場所で参照される様々なワイヤレス通信システム700及び800の標準及びプロトコルは、本発明の一実施例に従った圧縮、配信、解凍、並びに、トランスコーディングの様々な局面との統合の目的でこの欄に組み入れられる。
ワイヤレス或はモバイル・インターネットで観測され予言される急激な成長の特別な検討によって、本発明の実施例はWAPゲートウェイ機能と組み合わせた知的圧縮/解凍の実施例の用途を意図している。
顕著なクライアント側処理能力の必要性無しに、高品位、多重次元、多数参加者型のシミュレートされた環境とのリアルタイム遠隔クライアント対話をイネーブルするための本発明に従ったシステム及び方法が提供される。より詳細には、図10は本発明に従った共有された対話式ゲームに適用されるような全体的なストリーミング・メディア通信システムを示している。
本発明の通信システムはストリーミング・メディア信号の広範囲な種類の到着装置向けに通信することを可能としており、本発明の更なる意図された特徴はクライアント・ユーザによる到着装置/プライヤーとして収容されるべき遠隔受信器を提供することである。このセット-トップ・ボックスは、ビデオ・オン・デマンド(VOD);ミュージック・オン・デマンド(MOD);要望に応じた対話式ゲーム(IGOD);ボイス・オーバー・インターネット・プロトコル(「VoIP」)であり、IP接続上のボイス・テレホニー・サービスを提供する任意のテクノロジー;テレビ・ウェブ・アクセス;ライブ・テレビを記録、ポーズ、並びに、再生すべくディジタル・ビデオ・レコーディング、ポーズ、並びに、プレイバック生テレビ;E−メール;チャット;DVDプレイヤー;並びに、当業者には明かな他の用途の内の、好ましくは、多数であり、ことによると全てであるが、少なくとも1つを供するべく適合し得る。この全てはユーザ自身の家庭の安楽な状態の中の既存のテレビジョンに配信され得る。更には、このボックス或は本発明の通信システムとインターフェース接続している他のシステムを利用しているクライアントはDVD品質ビデオ及びサラウンド・サウンドをケーブル及びDSL接続を介して受信し得る。
本発明に達成され得る高有益性結果を更に説明する目的のため、以下は関連議論を伴う観測結果を含むストリーミング・メディア通信の異なるタイプに対して使用されている特定の実施例の例示である。これらの例は異なる伝送チャンネルにわたって同一事前記録ビデオの通信であって、異なる到着装置向けの通信を説明するものであり、事前記録されたビデオが、解像度720本、カラー情報32ビット、生起ファイル・サイズ約1.4ギガバイトの諸生起特性を有している。
「iPAQ」モデル3650手持ちPDA(この開示の際に約500ドルであるCompaq Inc.社から商業的に入手可能)が提供された。このPDAは、14.4Kbps(最大)ワイヤレスCDPDモデム(この開示の際に約200ドルであるSierra Wireless社から商業的に入手可能な「AirCard300」ワイヤレス外付けモデム)と拡張アセンブリ(Compaq Inc.社製のiPAQ(商標)PCMCIA拡張スリーブ)を用いてインターフェースさせられ、このワイヤレス・モデムと結合するPCMCIAカード・スロットを伴う。使用されるiPAQ(商標)は、一般に、206MHzプロセッサ、32Mbメモリ、12b/pixel カラー、240x320スクリーン寸法、Microsoft Corp.社製PocketPC(商標)オペレーティング・システム・バージョン3.0、並びに、ステレオサウンドの諸処理パラメータを有するように特徴付けられている。iPAQ(商標)は、約13.3Kbit/秒の接続帯域幅でAT&Tセルラー・ワイヤレス・キャリア・システムにわたって、インターフェースされたCDPDモデムを介してカリフォルニア州サンフランシスコ市のインターネットと接続された。カリフォルニア州サンホゼ市に配置されたサーバ(約5マイル遠方)がhttp及びrtspプロトコルを利用するPDAによって接触させれ、PDAは、解像度720本、カラー情報32ビット、生起ファイル・サイズ1.4ギガバイトの諸生起特性を有する事前記録ビデオの要求を始動すべく使用された。約7秒以内に、その事前記録されたビデオの圧縮近似物が受信され、解凍され、そしてPDAスクリーン上に該PDAによって表示された。全ビデオは観測可能な遅延或は欠陥無しに完全動作の240x320x12bpp解像度で見えた。
「Jornada(商標)」モデル548手持ちPDA(この開示の際に約300ドルであるHP Inc.社から商業的に入手可能)が提供されている。このPDAは、9.6Kbps(最大)ワイヤレスCDMA電話(この開示の際に約200ドルであるMotorola社の承認ベンダーから商業的に入手可能な「Motorola i85s」ワイヤレス外付けディジタル・セルラー電話)と、この電話及びPDAを一緒に結合してワイヤレス・モデムを形成するアダプター・ケーブル(Motorola社製及びHP社製のMotorola及びHP RS-232標準インターフェース・ケーブル)を用いてインターフェースさせられてた。使用されるJordnadaモデルPDA装置は、133MHzプロセッサ、32Mbメモリ、12b/pixel カラー、240x320スクリーン寸法、Microsoft Corp.社製PocketPC(商標)オペレーティング・システム・バージョン3.0、並びに、ステレオサウンドの諸処理パラメータを有するように特徴付けられている。Jordana(商標)は、約8Kbit/秒の接続帯域幅でNextelディジタル・セルラー・ワイヤレス・キャリア・システムにわたって、インターフェースされたCDMA電話/モデムを介してニュージャージ州ニューアーク市のインターネットと接続された。カリフォルニア州サンホゼ市に配置されたサーバ(約2900マイル遠方)がhttp及びWDPプロトコルを利用するPDAによって接触させれ、PDAは、解像度720本、カラー情報32ビット、生起ファイル・サイズ1.4ギガバイトの諸生起特性を有する事前記録ビデオの要求を始動すべく使用された。約7秒以内に、その事前記録されたビデオの圧縮近似物が受信され、解凍され、そしてPDAスクリーン上に該PDAによって表示された。全ビデオは観測可能な遅延或は欠陥無しにフルカラーの176x120x8bpp解像度で見えた。
「セット-トップ・ボックス」モデルst850ブック型PDA(この開示の際に約300ドルであるMSI Inc.社から商業的に入手可能)が提供されている。このセット-トップ・ボックスは、10Mbps(最大)イーサネット(登録商標)/802.11接続と、このセット-トップ・ボックスをブロードバンド接続(DS3)と結合するCATイーサネット(登録商標)・ケーブル(Generic)を用いてインターフェースさせられてた。使用されるセット-トップ・ボックスは、400MHzプロセッサ、64Mbメモリ、32b/pixel カラー、スクリーン解像度720本、Microsoft Corp.社製CEオペレーティング・システム・バージョン2.11、並びに、AC3ディジタル6チャンネル・サラウンド・サウンドの諸処理パラメータを有するように特徴付けられている。このセット-トップ・ボックスは、約376Kbit/秒の接続帯域幅でAlter.Net Internet Backboneにわたって、インターフェースされた共有DS3接続を介してニュージャージ州ニューアーク市のインターネットと接続された。カリフォルニア州サンホゼ市に配置されたサーバ(約2900マイル遠方)がhttp及びrtspプロトコルを利用するこのセット-トップ・ボックスによって接触させれ、このセット-トップ・ボックスは、解像度720本、カラー情報32ビット、生起ファイル・サイズ1.4ギガバイトの諸生起特性を有する事前記録ビデオの要求を始動すべく使用された。約9秒以内に、その事前記録されたビデオの圧縮近似物が受信され、解凍され、そして商業劇に入手可能な基準モニタ(Sony)・スクリーン上に該セット-トップ・ボックスによって表示された。全ビデオは観測可能な遅延或は欠陥無しに完全動作の720本x32bppで見えた。
130,135,140 到着装置
145 CODEC
200 ビデオ/オーディオ・トランスコーダ
210 ビデオ・ソース
300 サーバ
400 データ圧縮及び配信システム
405 メディア・モジュール
407 動的プレイヤー・モジュール
410 画像プロセッサ
415 基線スナップショット
417 分類器
420 標準品質(QoS)モジュール
425 ネットワーク層入力モジュール
430 ネットワーク層出力モジュール
435 タイマ
440 ニュートラルネットワーク処理モジュール
445 CODECライブラリ・モジュール
450 動的クライアント要求モジュール
455 ICMPモジュール
460 装置及びネットワーク・パラメータ測定モジュール
465 配信及び伝送モジュール
Claims (1)
- 方法であって、
送信先のエージェントに伝送すべき、各々のセグメントが多数の時間的に近接するフレームを含む複数のセグメントに分離されたメディア信号を取得するステップと、
前記メディア信号内の複数のセグメントの各々のセグメントに対して、
各々のCODECが前記セグメントをどのようにコード化するかを判定するために、前記セグメントに対して複数の異なるCODECをテストするステップと、
前記セグメントに対して最高品質のコード化出力を生成するCODECを一連の規準に従って選択するステップと、
選択された前記CODECを用いてコード化されたセグメントを前記送信先のエージェントまで配信するステップと、
前記送信先のエージェントに、どのCODECを前記セグメントのコード化に用いたかを報告するステップと、
を繰り返すステップと、
を含む方法。
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WO2003027876A1 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
KR100640122B1 (ko) | 2006-10-31 |
MXPA04002722A (es) | 2005-11-04 |
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