CN101889425B - 通过可变带宽信道进行同播的设备和方法 - Google Patents

通过可变带宽信道进行同播的设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN101889425B
CN101889425B CN2007801018585A CN200780101858A CN101889425B CN 101889425 B CN101889425 B CN 101889425B CN 2007801018585 A CN2007801018585 A CN 2007801018585A CN 200780101858 A CN200780101858 A CN 200780101858A CN 101889425 B CN101889425 B CN 101889425B
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阿维纳什·斯里达尔
大卫·安东尼·坎帕纳
希米蒙·马纳利库迪·安斯拉
吉尔·麦克唐纳·博伊斯
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
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    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/1813—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast for computer conferences, e.g. chat rooms
    • H04L12/1822—Conducting the conference, e.g. admission, detection, selection or grouping of participants, correlating users to one or more conference sessions, prioritising transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/14—Network analysis or design
    • H04L41/147—Network analysis or design for predicting network behaviour
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
    • H04L65/611—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for multicast or broadcast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
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    • H04L67/565—Conversion or adaptation of application format or content
    • H04L67/5651—Reducing the amount or size of exchanged application data
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
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    • H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
    • H04N21/23439—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements for generating different versions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/24—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth, upstream requests
    • H04N21/2402—Monitoring of the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. bandwidth available
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
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Abstract

本发明为个性化移动广播服务运营商(服务提供商)提供了一种通过可变带宽信道以不同压缩格式的文件向访问相同服务的一个或多个用户发送内容的方法。提供移动广播服务的运营商可以选择使用剩余带宽来提供这些服务。此类服务中，根据移动广播的可用带宽量，调度器能够选择在低带宽情况下，广播具有高压缩参数的文件内容，从而传输内容文件所需要的网络带宽。相同内容的低压缩格式可能安排在随后出现更多可用带宽时广播，并最终替代客户在之前接收的高压缩版本。

Description

通过可变带宽信道进行同播的设备和方法
技术领域
本发明的以下原理涉及数据传送。更具体地说，这些原理涉及通过可变带宽信道进行同播(simulcast)数据的传送。
背景技术
内容服务由一系列不同的供应商提供。比如，住宅数字视频服务可包括数字电视、视频点播(video on demand，VOD)、互联网视频流等等，每种服务通常提供可在不同编码级别上显示的音频-视频数据。
内容数据以比特流的形式传送，或者以一种二进制位连续序列的形式传送，该二进制位连续序列用来以数字的形式表现压缩的多媒体，如视频、音频和数据。比特流通过一个传送信道传送。当内容数据作为一串连续比特流发送时，客户端装置缓冲该比特流，并对其进行实时重放。
移动广播网络向传递音频/视频内容的环境提出了挑战。在任意一个特定的瞬时，在某一连接处可用带宽会随着时间和位置的变化而变化。这种带宽的变化会导致包含音频/视频的实质内容的整个数据包丢失。此外，整个网络的延迟时间会导致视频最终在客户端显示时发生“抖动”或损失清晰度。文件传送通信容许这些因素的存在，因为高级协议会校正误差和损失使得时延抖动无关紧要。
在流式实时现场内容直播网络中，已经存在一些方法，其中音频-视频内容的传送根据可用网络带宽而发生变化。视可用带宽的情况，服务头端或者发送端要么能够缓冲数据，在不同时间把数据发送出去，要么能够用一个编码器实时改变内容流的压缩参数，以使它能够在当前可用带宽发送。
运营商提供电视直播服务，即实时数据流，其提供给移动用户的是电视广播的低质量版本。例如，移动运营商，像威瑞森(Verizon)公司和斯普林特(Sprint)公司，其以降低的分辨率和比特率向使用其服务的手机用户提供电视直播服务，如：虚拟数据广播电视直播(VCast Live TV)、移动视频服务(MobiTV)等。
发明内容
根据本发明原理的一个方面，通过网络提供数据的方法包括为通过信道提供数据确定一个带宽值，通过该信道向客户端装置提供该带宽值，以及，响应于所确定的带宽值和带宽阈值之间的比较，通过信道向客户端装置提供数据的预定版本。提供数据的步骤可包括通过无线连接传送数据或通过有线连接提供数据。
根据另一个方面，可以通过估计可用带宽、或者通过设定一个带宽初始值来确定带宽值。
带宽阈值是基于已确定的带宽值设定的，并且，根据一个实施例，带宽阈值可以设定为已确定的带宽值的一半。
依照另一个方面，当带宽高于带宽阈值时，传送数据的一个低压缩版本；当带宽低于带宽阈值时，传送数据的一个高压缩版本。
根据另一个实施例，所述设备包括一个头端调度器，被配置用于为通过信道传送数据确定一个带宽值，并将所确定的带宽值传送给一个客户端装置，以及响应于所确定的带宽值和带宽阈值之间的比较，传送所述数据的预定版本。
根据又一个实施例，本发明原理体现在一个计算机程序产品中，该产品具有计算机可用介质，该介质上包含计算机可读程序代码，在其上嵌入该代码是为了方便通过信道传递数据。所述计算机程序产品包括用于确定为通过信道传送数据的带宽值的程序代码，用于通过信道向一个客户端装置传送已确定的带宽值的程序代码，以及响应于所确定的带宽值和带宽阈值的比较，用于通过信道向客户端装置传送所述数据的预定版本的程序代码。
综合考虑下文中的具体描述和附图，本发明原理的其他方面和特征会变得显而易见。然而，要了解到，附图的设计只是为了图解说明，而不是界定本发明原理的界限，对此可参考所附的权利要求书。应该进一步了解到，附图不一定按规定比例绘制，而且，除非另有说明，它们只是要从概念上阐明本发明书中描述的结构和过程。
附图说明
附图中，相同的参考数字在所有视图中表示相同的部件。
图1是适用于移动广播的典型广播网络的块图；
图2是一个典型个性化内容广播系统的块图；
图3a是根据本发明原理的一个实施例的方法的块图；
图3b是根据本发明原理的一个实施例的方法的流程图；以及
图4是根据本发明原理的另一个实施例的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一个适用于移动广播的典型广播网络系统100。原始内容信号102经由内容转码器108，该内容转码器108压缩音频-视频内容，从而适合通过移动网络111向移动客户端112传送(110)。在一个点播装置(如：威瑞森Vcast服务)中，允许用户向他们各自的装置传送多媒体文件流。在这些服务中，服务器将内容的转码版本发送出去，该转码版本的带宽已经确定，这样，在用户请求这个转码版本时，所述带宽就不会超过通过单播信道提供给用户的带宽。使用视频或其他多媒体的网络化流式传送，在任何时间点，压缩视频的瞬时带宽会被限制在可用网络带宽以内，并且在客户端缓冲器的控制范围内，以维持视频的连续播放。如果瞬时带宽超过了可用带宽，客户端处的播放就会中断。
当压缩多媒体作为文件而不是数据流传送时，所述压缩多媒体的带宽不需要匹配网络带宽。多媒体文件的传送时间不需要与多媒体文件内容的时长相对应。
对于点播服务，每个单独的用户都要占用带宽，这种模式通常消耗很大，因为它不能很好地扩展从而为大量使用该服务的用户进行服务。尽管这些业务降低带宽占用，但在大多数情况下，对于网络和客户端装置操作，它不一定要是最理想的。
图2示出了个性化广播视频系统200的块图，其为个性化操作提供了简单的用户界面，同时有效使用网络带宽，并且使接收器电池装置的使用最小化。系统200包括一个头端200、一个广播网络210以及一个接收器240。所述头端包括一个输入剪辑202、一个调度器204、一个电子服务向导(electronic service guide，ESG)发生器206和一个FLUTE服务器208。所述接收器包括一个FLUTE接收器212和ESG解析器214、一个内容选择控制器218、一个用户描述(user profile)216、一个内容存储装置220和一个音频/视频播放器222。
接收器装置240上的用户描述216表明了用户的兴趣。将要广播的个人剪辑202与可变元数据标签，比如关键字，相关联，该个人剪辑通过调度器204发送到ESG发生器206。在对内容尤其是视频节目进行广播时，接收器装置240基于计算出来的该节目所对应的得分选择要录制的个人节目。该得分是使用ESG内容关键字和用户描述为特定的内容片段计算出来的，它表明了用户对特定关键字的关注程度。用户描述216可以在用户的观看行为的基础上作出适应性调整。
在一个机会带宽环境中(例如：可变比特率)，输出信道带宽不是恒定的。这会影响到调度器204对每个内容文件进行的所有的广播时间计算。因此，为了提供一个可靠的广播时间表，所述调度器204需要根据可用带宽以及其自身所估计的可用带宽，及时安排内容文件的广播。
调度器204周期性地输出广播内容文件的时间表。这个时间表以ESG形式传送给一个客户端装置。在一个单向广播环境中，为了选择性地接收内容，接收器240在很大程度上依赖其所得到的时间表以及元数据信息。并且重要的是，客户端要在实际广播时间之前收到时间表。服务器208所广播的时间表包含了元数据信息，比如每个内容的播出次数。对于客户端来说，广播时间信息是重要的，因为使用此信息，客户就可以根据不同内容的广播次数选择性地打开和关闭接收器组件，从而使选择性的内容接收行之有效。同时，因为客户只有在需要时才会打开接收器组件，用户就可以高效地使用客户的电力资源。
调度器204具有一个传送监控系统(图中未示出)，该系统按时间表控制内容文件的传送。该传送监控系统使用每个剪辑的传送状态和输出信道速度的变化对调度器204进行更新。
根据本发明，广播内容服务的用户，比如使用上述系统的用户，接收到的内容的压缩格式可能各不相同，其格式取决于安排广播该内容时的带宽。在这种系统中，按照调度器的决定，内容文件也会被安排重播。如果在重播过程中，带宽量足够高的话，那么调度器可能会选择广播该内容文件的一个较高质量格式的版本。
举例来说，视听内容“剪辑A(Clip A)”，经过转码后形成两种不同压缩格式，“ClipA_lowComp”(剪辑A_低压缩)和“ClipA_highComp”(剪辑A_高压缩)，它们分别使用较高和较低的带宽。运营商提供的若干电视直播服务通常会占用大部分可用带宽。
参见图3a所示的示意性的实施例，其中根据本发明原理的一个实施例示出了方法275。首先，确定信道的带宽(280)。相关领域的技术人员将认识到，有多种确定信道的带宽的方法。要了解到，通过使用恰当的方法，能够把本发明的原理应用于确定信道的带宽。一旦确定，带宽信息就会通过信道传送(282)到客户端装置。这时，响应于所确定的带宽值和带宽阈值的比较，数据的一个版本会通过信道进行传送(284)。
图3b根据本发明原理的一个实施例示出了方法300。首先，调度器204处理其内容文件数据库，并根据当前估计出来的带宽(302)决定输出一个时间表。然后，该时间表被传送(304)到一个客户端装置240。从而，该客户端装置就对每个内容文件要进行广播的时间有了一个估计。基于此信息，客户端就可以优化其接收器例行程序。
在每个文件广播以前，可以对服务的调度器204配置一个带宽初始值，或者可以配置该调度器，使其对可用带宽(302)进行估计。
根据一个实施例，带宽阈值可以确定为初始值或带宽估计值的一半。如果一开始，带宽阈值较高，即BW_HIGH(带宽_高)，调度器204将选择广播ClipA_lowComp，它压缩程度较低，因而质量较高，但占用的带宽也较多。如果经过一段时间，分配给服务的带宽发生变化，时间表将会受到影响。调度器通常会通过其传送控制模块检测到这一点。例如，如果信道的带宽降到一个较低的阈值，BW_LOW(带宽_低)，调度程序器可以检测出带宽的变化，这种变化现在会影响到它的内容文件广播时间表。这是图3中所示的一个例子。
调度器204现在会选择广播ClipA_highComp(308)，而不是重新安排其所有的内容文件的时间表。ClipA_highComp(308)是内容文件的一个高压缩版本，其质量和带宽使用都比较低，但能够被用户所接受。如果在以后的一个时间点，带宽值增加到BW_HIGH，而且内容文件剪辑A(Clip A)被安排重播，那么这次调度器改变决策块306中的阈值，并将选择广播ClipA_lowComp(310)，而且客户在接收到这个内容时，可能会检测出这是先前文件的一个更高质量的版本，并选择用它替代较低质量的内容文件ClipA_highComp。
调度器204对将要广播的文件版本做出选择，这样它就会仍然保持其时间表的时效性。因此，尽管分配给服务的带宽发生了改变，客户发现时间表并没有发生变化。这样，从客户端装置看，服务的运行是无缝的。
图3所示的例子中，决策块306所确定的阈值是BW_LOW。普通技术人员将认识到，把阈值从BW_LOW改变到BW_HIGH会使图中所示的实施例中的“是”和“否”的决定发生反转。这一点通过举例的方式在图4的流程图中显示出来。这里，步骤402、404、406都分别与相同的步骤302、304、306相对应。当带宽阈值高于BW HIGH时，(否则，决定为“否”)，传送剪辑A_highComp(408)。当带宽阈值低于BW_HIGH时，传送剪辑A_lowComp(410)。
要了解到，本发明原理可以在各种形式的硬件、软件、固件、专用处理器，或者它们的组合元件中实施。优选地，本发明原理可作为硬件和软件的组合元件来实施。此外，软件最好是作为有形的应用程序，嵌入程序储存装置，加以实施。该应用程序可能会被上传到包含任何合适结构的机器并由该机器执行。优选地，该机器是在一个具有硬件的计算机平台上实现，比如一个或多个中央处理机(CPU)，一个随机存取存储器(RAM)，以及一个或多个输入/输出(I/O)接口。该计算机平台还包括一个操作系统和微指令代码。这里所描述的各种过程和功能既可能是微指令代码的一部分也可能是由操作系统执行的应用程序的一部分(或者二者的结合)。此外，计算机平台可以连接各种外围装置，比如一个附加数据存储装置和一个打印装置。
要进一步了解到，因为附图所描述的系统的组件和方法步骤中，有一些最好是在软件中实施，所以系统组件(或工序步骤)之间的实际连接可能不同，这取决于编程实现本发明原理时所采用的方式。考虑到上述教导，相关领域内的普通技术人员将能够周密考虑本发明原理的这些和其他相似实施例或者配置情况。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于通过网络提供数据的方法，包括以下步骤：
确定信道的带宽值(280)；
通过所述信道向客户端装置提供所述带宽值(282)；
根据所述带宽值决定一个时间表，并且将所述时间表提供给所述客户端装置；
响应于所述带宽值和一个阈值之间的比较(306)，通过所述信道向客户端装置提供所述数据的合适版本(284)，其中，在所述带宽值高于所述阈值时提供所述数据的低压缩版本作为所述合适版本，在所述带宽值低于所述阈值时提供所述数据的高压缩版本作为所述合适版本，使得在所述带宽值改变时所述时间表不发生改变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，确定步骤包括估计所述信道的可用带宽(302)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述确定步骤包括设定一个带宽初始值。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，还包括基于所确定的带宽值设定阈值。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述阈值设定为所确定的带宽值的一半。
6.一种用于通过网络提供数据的设备，包括：
一个头端调度器(204)，被配置用于确定信道的带宽值，将所述带宽值提供给一个客户端装置，根据所述带宽值决定一个时间表并将所述时间表提供给所述客户端装置，以及响应于所述带宽值和一个阈值之间的比较，提供所述数据的合适版本，其中，在所述带宽值高于所述阈值时提供所述数据的低压缩版本作为所述合适版本，在所述带宽值低于所述阈值时提供所述数据的高压缩版本作为所述合适版本，使得在所述带宽值改变时所述时间表不发生改变。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其中，所述调度器被配置一个初始带宽值。
8.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其中，所述调度器被配置用于估计所述信道的带宽，以确定带宽值。
9.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其中，所述调度器基于带宽值的一半来确定阈值。
10.一种用于通过网络提供数据的设备，包括：
用于确定信道的带宽值的部件；
用于通过所述信道向一个客户端装置提供所述带宽值的部件；
用于根据所述带宽值决定一个时间表的部件；
用于将所述时间表提供给所述客户端装置的部件；以及
响应于所确定的带宽值和阈值之间的比较，用于通过所述信道向客户端装置提供所述数据的合适版本的部件，其中，在所述带宽值高于所述阈值时提供所述数据的低压缩版本作为所述合适版本，在所述带宽值低于所述阈值时提供所述数据的高压缩版本作为所述合适版本，使得在所述带宽值改变时所述时间表不发生改变。
11.根据权利要求10所述的设备，其中，还包括用于基于所确定的带宽设定阈值的部件。
12.根据权利要求10所述的设备，其中，用于确定带宽值的部件还包括用于估计所述信道的可用带宽的部件。
13.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其中，所述基于所确定的带宽设定阈值的部件把阈值设定为所确定的带宽的一半部件。
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KR20100106383A (ko) 2010-10-01
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US20130219440A1 (en) 2013-08-22
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