JP4843081B2 - 電子シャトルを有するエレクトロクロミック装置 - Google Patents
電子シャトルを有するエレクトロクロミック装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4843081B2 JP4843081B2 JP2009197033A JP2009197033A JP4843081B2 JP 4843081 B2 JP4843081 B2 JP 4843081B2 JP 2009197033 A JP2009197033 A JP 2009197033A JP 2009197033 A JP2009197033 A JP 2009197033A JP 4843081 B2 JP4843081 B2 JP 4843081B2
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- electrochromic
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- JLZIIHMTTRXXIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O JLZIIHMTTRXXIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- FMRHJJZUHUTGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylhexyl salicylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O FMRHJJZUHUTGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-propiolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCO1 VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- VVRQVWSVLMGPRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotungsten Chemical class [W]=O VVRQVWSVLMGPRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L paraquat dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C1=C[N+](C)=CC=C1C1=CC=[N+](C)C=C1 FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZEEGCXVEOVDUDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 3-[3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC(=O)OCCCCC)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O ZEEGCXVEOVDUDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001791 phenazinyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002990 phenothiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005029 thianthrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethylammonium ion Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O triphenylphosphanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[PH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1503—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect caused by oxidation-reduction reactions in organic liquid solutions, e.g. viologen solutions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F2001/15145—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material the electrochromic layer comprises a mixture of anodic and cathodic compounds
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- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Description
この実験では、以下の材料を以下に示す濃度で一体に混ぜ合わせることによって、2つのエレクトロクロミック媒体を調製した。
具体的には、ミラーは、2つの2x5インチの基板を備えていた。第1基板(112)の表面112Bは、概ね透明で導電性のインジウム/スズ酸化物(ITO)で覆われており、第2表面(114)は、表面114Aがインジウム/スズ酸化物(ITO)で覆われていて、後方面114Bに反射器を備えていた。基板は、媒体を収容するために250ミクロン離して配置した。複数のミラーを、通常の真空バックフィル法を使ってそれぞれの溶液で満たした。各装置を、1.2V掛けて暗くした。低反射率条件になった後、ミラーのリード線を短絡させて、0.1秒間隔で反射率を監視し記録した。個々のミラーが、25%の反射率から60%の反射率になるのに掛かる時間を記録し、ミラーの平均時間を計算した。実験1A−1Bの結果は次の通りである。
この実験では、以下の材料を以下に示す濃度で一体に混ぜ合わせることによって、2つのエレクトロクロミック媒体を調製した。
具体的には、ミラーは、2つの2x5インチの基板を備えていた。第1基板(112)の表面112Bは、概ね透明で導電性のインジウム/スズ酸化物(ITO)で覆われており、第2表面(114)は、表面114Aがインジウム/スズ酸化物(ITO)で覆われていて、後方面114Bに反射器を備えていた。基板は、媒体を収容するために210ミクロン離して配置した。複数のミラーを、通常の真空バックフィル法を使ってそれぞれの溶液で満たした。各装置を、1.2V掛けて暗くした。低反射率条件になった後、ミラーのリード線を短絡させて、0.1秒間隔で反射率を監視し記録した。個々のミラーが、25%の反射率から60%の反射率になるのに掛かる時間を記録し、ミラーの平均時間を計算した。実験2A−2Bの結果は次の通りである。
Claims (7)
- エレクトロクロミック装置であって、
付帯する導電性材料を有している実質的に透明な第1基板と、
付帯する導電性材料を有している第2基板と、
前記第1及び第2基板の間に配置されているチャンバ内に入っているエレクトロクロミック媒体であって、
緩速拡散性のカソード材料と、
アノード材料であって、前記アノード材料と前記カソード材料は共に電気的活性であり、前記アノード材料と前記カソード材料の少なくとも一方はエレクトロクロミック材料であるようなアノード材料と、
カソード電子シャトルであって、カソードからの電子を受け取るに際して、または電極からまたは電極に電子を移送するに際して、前記緩速拡散性のカソード材料を支援し、前記カソード材料の拡散係数のほぼ1.5倍を超える拡散係数を有し、前記エレクトロクロミック装置のスイッチング時間を、該カソード電子シャトルを有していないことを除き同一の装置に比べて短縮する働きをするカソード電子シャトルと、
を備えているエレクトロクロミック媒体と、
を備えていることを特徴とするエレクトロクロミック装置。 - 前記カソード電子シャトルは、前記カソード材料の拡散係数の約2.0倍を超える拡散係数を有していることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記カソード電子シャトルは、還元によって実質的に着色されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記カソード電子シャトルは、前記エレクトロクロミック装置の透明化時間を、該カソード電子シャトルを有していないことを除き同一の装置に比べて少なくとも10%短縮する働きをすることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記カソード電子シャトルは、前記エレクトロクロミック装置の透明化時間を、該カソード電子シャトルを有していないことを除き同一の装置に比べて少なくとも15%短縮する働きをすることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記カソード電子シャトルの濃度は、約0.5mMから約50mMの範囲にあることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記カソード電子シャトルの濃度は、前記カソード材料の濃度の少なくとも約5%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
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US10/283,506 US6700693B2 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2002-10-30 | Electrochromic devices having an electron shuttle |
US10/283,506 | 2002-10-30 |
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JP2009197033A Expired - Lifetime JP4843081B2 (ja) | 2002-10-30 | 2009-08-27 | 電子シャトルを有するエレクトロクロミック装置 |
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EP (1) | EP1556733B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4673062B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE386286T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003277229A1 (ja) |
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2002
- 2002-10-30 US US10/283,506 patent/US6700693B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2003
- 2003-10-02 AU AU2003277229A patent/AU2003277229A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2003-10-02 JP JP2004549986A patent/JP4673062B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-02 AT AT03810769T patent/ATE386286T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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DE60319122D1 (de) | 2008-03-27 |
US20030053187A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
JP2006505005A (ja) | 2006-02-09 |
AU2003277229A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 |
JP4673062B2 (ja) | 2011-04-20 |
US20040233500A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
EP1556733A4 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
US7031043B2 (en) | 2006-04-18 |
JP2009276800A (ja) | 2009-11-26 |
ATE386286T1 (de) | 2008-03-15 |
US6700693B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 |
EP1556733A1 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
DE60319122T2 (de) | 2009-02-05 |
WO2004042463A1 (en) | 2004-05-21 |
EP1556733B1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
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