JP4838020B2 - Container crane - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a container crane that is installed on a quay where a container ship berths in container transportation, and handles a container. More specifically, the present invention relates to a plurality of spreaders arranged in parallel in a transverse direction. The present invention relates to a container crane that handles containers at the same time.

  In order to speed up and save labor in container handling, the development of a method and equipment for handling multiple containers at the same time by arranging multiple spreaders (hanging tools) with one container crane is underway. It is coming.

  In this case, during land handling, which is performed between the chassis carrying the container and the container crane, the chassis moves and positions, but the positional relationship of the chassis changes each time. It is necessary to make the interval follow the change, and it is necessary to adjust the interval between the spreaders and the inclination angle (skew) in the turning direction.

  Further, when the sea side cargo handling is performed between the container crane and the container ship, since the container is contained in the cell guide of the container ship, it is necessary to accurately adjust the spreader to the cell guide position. The position of the cell guide varies depending on the ship and the type of container. Therefore, in order to accurately align the spreader with the cell guide position, it is necessary to follow the distance between the spreaders. It is necessary to adjust the distance between the spreaders.

  Therefore, in this simultaneous cargo handling, it is necessary to adjust the distance between the spreaders and the inclination angle in the turning direction, and the mechanism for adjusting the distance between the spreaders requires precise positioning accuracy and rigidity. . In addition, depending on the cargo handling, there is a case where cargo handling for one container is required, and an independent operation in which the spreader is separated and cargo handling is performed using only a single spreader is also required.

  In relation to the simultaneous cargo handling of a plurality of containers, as a container suspension for suspending two 20-foot containers in the vertical direction, a plurality of inner twist lock devices facing each twist lock device are provided between the twist lock devices. A container hanger has been proposed that allows adjustment of the amount of movement of the twist lock device from the center of the hanger and the relative position of the inner and outer twist lock devices, and avoids the inner twist lock device to a position that does not interfere with the container when it is not needed ( For example, see Patent Document 1.)

  In addition, as a container crane that enables simultaneous handling of two containers in the horizontal direction, the trolley that runs on the boom of the crane is divided into a plurality of sections so that each trolley can be freely adjusted, and a container ship A quayside cargo handling crane having a structure in which a plurality of containers adjacent in the horizontal direction are suspended at the same time has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  In this wharf crane, one end of two screw shafts is rotatably supported by a second trolley, and the other end of these screw shafts extends to the first trolley side and is decelerated by a motor. The first trolley and the second trolley can be moved toward and away from each other.

  However, in this quay handling crane, the container is fixed to a spreader (hanging tool) suspended by wires stretched from these trolleys by a sheave group. Therefore, when the container is close to the ground, the distance between the trolley and the spreader becomes large, and there is a problem that it is difficult to adjust the distance between the spreaders and the inclination angle in the turning direction to a predetermined value.

  As one of the measures, as a container crane that enables simultaneous handling of two containers in the lateral direction, a crane having a trolley equipped with a garter of a quay crane and a container hanging tool that traverses on a boom, the container from the trolley To suspend a plurality of hangers that suspend a plurality of containers that are aligned in the width direction, and to provide a hanger coupling mechanism that adjusts the distance between these hangers, so that the distance of the hangers can be adjusted. A constructed wharf crane has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

However, when handling a container, the spreader or the suspended container may collide with other containers, etc., when the container is lifted or not lifted. A large impact force is instantaneously applied to the lifting device connecting mechanism. Therefore, unless this impact force is absorbed to protect the suspension connecting mechanism, there is a problem that the suspension connecting mechanism is bent or damaged by the impact force.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-221181 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-6267 JP 54-47264 A

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems. The purpose of the present invention is to easily connect and release two spreaders arranged in parallel in the transverse direction of the crane. When a large impact force is generated on a spreader in a container crane that can handle multiple containers connected to each other and separate and handle separately, this impact force is buffered to prevent damage to the spreader connecting members and the spreader. The object is to provide a container crane that can be reduced.

In order to achieve the above object, a container crane according to the present invention has two spreaders of a container crane arranged in a transverse direction, and a first connection that allows a rod having a first fixing portion on the front end side to extend and retract on one spreader. Both by fixing a member, fixing a second connecting member having a second fixing portion capable of fixing the first fixing portion to the other spreader, and fixing the first fixing portion to the second fixing portion. The spreader is connected and the rod is extended and contracted to adjust the interval between the spreaders and the tilt angle in the swivel direction, and by removing the fixing of the first fixing part and the second fixing part, in the container crane to separate spreader, the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion is formed by a holding capable closing portion, when closing the opening and closing portion is sandwiched the first fixing portion When the impact force is applied, the first fixing portion and the opening / closing portion can slide in the expansion / contraction direction of the rod, constitute an impact force buffering mechanism, and the second fixing portion , Formed by a negative brake that opens the opening and closing portion when energized.

  Due to this shock-absorbing mechanism, when handling a container, the spreader or the suspended container may collide with other containers, etc. in a state where the container is lifted or not lifted, and a large impact force acts on the spreader. By absorbing this impact force, the first connecting member, the second connecting member, the spreader and the like can be protected, and damage can be reduced.

  The first fixed portion and the opening / closing portion that can slide relative to each other can be easily formed by forming the respective contact surfaces as parallel surfaces, and are fixed according to the magnitude of the sandwiching force, the contact area, and the friction coefficient of the contact surface. The magnitude of the force can be set.

  With this configuration, the impact force buffering mechanism can be provided with a very simple configuration. The direction of the impact force is not necessarily the direction of expansion and contraction of the rod, but by sliding in this direction, a considerable portion of the impact force can be alleviated.

  Further, in the container crane described above, a coupling portion by a shear pin that is damaged when a large impact force is applied to either one or both of the first coupling member and the second coupling member is provided, and the impact force buffer is provided. Configure the mechanism. According to this configuration, the impact force buffering mechanism can be provided with a very simple configuration of coupling by a shear pin.

  In the container crane described above, the first fixed portion and the second fixed portion are connected by a shear pin that is damaged when a large impact force is applied to configure the impact force buffering mechanism, and the shear pin Is configured to be insertable and detachable by remote operation, and is configured to be able to connect and release the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion by remote operation.

  According to this configuration, since the shear pin can be inserted and removed by remote control, the spreader can be easily connected and separated, and the shear pin also serves as an impact force buffering mechanism. It becomes a structure.

  In the container crane described above, the first connecting member is formed of a hydraulic cylinder provided with a buffer mechanism that buffers an impact force in the expansion / contraction direction of the rod, and the shock force buffer mechanism is configured by the buffer mechanism. According to this configuration, since the first connecting member includes the impact force buffering mechanism, it is possible to prevent the first connecting member and the second connecting member from being damaged by the impact force. The buffer mechanism of the hydraulic cylinder can be easily configured by a hydraulic mechanism that is a combination of a relief valve and a variable throttle valve.

  According to the container crane of the present invention, it is easy to connect and release the two spreaders arranged in parallel in the transverse direction of the crane, and if necessary, separate the handling of multiple containers by connecting the spreaders. Single handling is possible, and when a large impact force is generated in the spreader, the impact force is buffered to reduce damage to the members connecting the both spreaders and the spreader.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a container crane according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a container crane 1 includes a cantilever 2, a trolley 3 that traverses a rail (not shown) provided on the cantilever 2, and a spreader (hanging tool) 10a suspended from the trolley 3 by a wire rope 5. , 10b, a machine room 6 in which various winches are stored, a driving room 7 that traverses along with the trolley 3, a leg portion 8 that runs on a rail 71 on the quay, and the like.

  The container crane 1 has various functions such as traveling on the rail of the crane 1, raising and lowering the cantilever 2, traversing the trolley 3, operating the spreaders 10 a and 10 b, winding and lowering the containers 50 a and 50 b.

  The cantilever 2 can be hung with a wire rope 4 from the top of the crane so that it does not get in the way when the container ship 70 takes off and docks, and can be lifted about 85 degrees from the horizontal, and can be returned to the horizontal level when handling cargo. Configured as follows. The winding winch of the wire rope 4 is disposed in the machine room 6 behind the crane.

  The trolley 3 hangs the spreaders 10 a and 10 b and travels on the rail provided on the cantilever 2. The trolley 3 is moved by a hoisting / traversing winch disposed in the machine room 6.

  The spreaders 10a and 10b are necessary for suspending the containers 50a and 50b. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the spreaders 10a and 10b include a lower frame 11 and an upper frame 12. The upper frame 12 is connected by a chain 13 so that the mutual position can be changed somewhat.

  The lower frame 11 is provided with a fitting device 15 and a guide arm 16. The fitting device 15 is a part that grips the containers 50a and 50b using the guide arms 16 of the spreaders 10a and 10b, and a twist lock mechanism is used. Further, the guide arm 16 is provided to facilitate the fitting of the containers 50a and 50b to the fitting device 15 of the spreaders 10a and 10b, and is not necessary when grasping the containers 50a and 50b in the cell guide of the container ship. It is configured so that it can be stored upward.

  A sheave 14 is provided on the upper frame 12, and the spreaders 10 a and 10 b are suspended from the trolley 3 by a wire rope 5 wound around the sheave 14. Therefore, the containers 50a and 50b are shaken by the traversing of the trolley 3. This shaking reduces the cargo handling efficiency of the containers 50a and 50b and may damage the cargo loaded in the containers 50a and 50b, so a container steadying device (not shown) is attached. In order to control the attitude of the spreaders 10a and 10b to facilitate handling, a tilting / swivel device (not shown) is also provided that causes vertical and horizontal tilts and swiveling motions by winding and unwinding the wire rope 5. Yes.

  The containers 50a and 50b are wound and unwound by a wire rope 5 wound around a drum of a hoisting / traversing winch disposed in the machine room 6.

  And in this invention, as shown in FIGS. 3-12, two spreaders 10a and 10b are arrange | positioned in parallel, While adjusting the space | interval L of this spreader 10a, 10b and turning direction inclination-angle (theta), If necessary, the two spreaders 10a and 10b can be easily separated.

  In these configurations, two spreaders 10a and 10b are arranged in parallel, and a pair of cylinders (first connecting members) 20f and 20b and a brake (second connecting member) are provided at the front and rear portions of the spreaders 10a and 10b, respectively. 40f and 40b are provided. The cylinder 20 (20f or 20b) is fixed to the upper side of the lower frame 11 of one spreader 10a. The cylinder 20 can extend and contract a rod 22 having a fixing portion 21 at the tip.

  3 to 11, the brake 40 is fixed to the lower frame 11 of the other spreader 10b. The brake 40 has an opening / closing part 41. The brake 40 is preferably formed by a negative brake that opens the opening / closing portion 41 when energized.

  Furthermore, in the configuration of FIGS. 3 to 9, when a large impact force is applied when the opening / closing portion 41 is closed and the fixing portion 21 is held, the rod 22 may slide in the expansion / contraction direction (BB ′ direction). The fixing portion 21 is formed to have parallel surfaces 21 a and 21 b so that the opening / closing portion 41 also has parallel surfaces 41 a and 41 b that abut against the parallel surfaces 21 a and 21 b of the fixing portion 21 of the rod 22. Form.

  This configuration constitutes an impact force buffering mechanism. With this configuration, an instantaneous and large impact force generated by a collision while the trolley is traversing can be absorbed by the sliding of the fixed portion 21 and the opening / closing portion 41, and the propagation of the impact force can be prevented. If this momentary impact propagation is prevented, the subsequent force generated by the collision can be absorbed by another shock absorber provided in the container crane 1, so that the connecting members 20, 40, the spreader 10a, It is possible to prevent damage such as 10b.

  The cylinder 20 is formed by a hydraulic cylinder 20 having a buffer mechanism that absorbs the impact force F in the expansion / contraction direction of the rod 22, and this buffer mechanism is used as an impact force buffer mechanism. In the hydraulic cylinder 20 having the buffer mechanism, as shown in FIG. 5, the required hydraulic pressure is obtained by supplying oil from the oil tank 31 of the hydraulic mechanism 30 to the cylinder 20 by the hydraulic pump 32, and the control valve By 33, the rod 22 having the fixed portion 21 on the distal end side can be expanded and contracted by applying hydraulic pressure to the first chamber 20a side of the cylinder 20 or applying hydraulic pressure to the second chamber 20b side. The hydraulic pressure is maintained at a predetermined pressure by the relief valve 34.

  Further, the impact force F in the expansion / contraction direction of the rod 22 is absorbed by the relief valves 35a and 35b communicating with the first chamber 20a and the second chamber 20b, respectively. The degree of buffering is adjusted by the variable throttle valves 36a and 36b.

  Therefore, when the cylinder 20 is formed of a hydraulic cylinder having a buffer mechanism, impact energy acting on the spreaders 10a and 10b can be absorbed by the relief valves 35a and 35b and the variable throttle valves 36a and 36b.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the two spreaders 10 a and 10 b can be connected by closing the opening / closing portion 41 in the A direction and sandwiching the fixing portion 21 by the pair of cylinders 20 and the brake 40. Further, by extending and contracting the rod 22 of the cylinder 20 in the BB ′ direction while being clamped and connected, an interval (distance) L between the spreaders 10a and 10b shown in FIG. 4 or an inclination angle (skew) in the turning direction. θ can be adjusted.

  When the spreader 10b is separated for independent operation by one of the spreaders 10a, the connection between the two spreaders 10a and 10b is easily released by opening the opening / closing part 41 and opening the fixing part 21. be able to.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, when a large impact force is applied to the rod 22 by providing the rod 22 with the inclined cut surface 23 and connecting the rod 22 with the shear pin 24, the shear pin Propagation of impact energy can be prevented by cutting 24.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, when the impact force buffering effect due to the sliding between the opening / closing portion 41 and the fixing portion 21 is not expected and the shear pin 24 is given an impact force buffering function, the opening / closing portion 41. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a parallel surface on the fixed portion 21. Therefore, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the movement between each other including the BB ′ direction is completely stopped. For example, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the surfaces 21c and 21d of the fixing portion 21 are formed in a truncated cone, and the surfaces 41c and 41d of the opening / closing portion 41 are holes into which the surfaces 21c and 21d of the truncated cone are fitted. And so on.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 12, without providing the fixing portion 21 and the opening / closing portion 41, the first fixing portion 21A and the second fixing portion 41A are connected by a shear pin 44A that is damaged when a large impact force is applied. Constitute. The tip 21Aa of the first fixing portion 21A is formed in a truncated cone shape so that the first fixing portion 21A and the second fixing portion 41A can be easily connected, and the first fixing portion is formed at the tip of the second fixing portion 41A. A conical concave surface 41Aa is formed to which the tip 21Aa of 21A is fitted.

  Then, the first fixing portion 21A and the second fixing portion 41A are fixed by inserting the shear pin 44A into the connecting hole 45A of the second fixing portion 41A and the connecting hole 25A of the first fixing portion 21A. The shear pin 44A is replaceably attached to the tip of a piston 44B disposed on the second fixing portion 41A. The shear pin 44A is inserted by the extension of the piston 44B from the cylinder 44c, and the shear pin 44A is removed by contraction. Configure to separate. The piston 44B can be expanded and contracted by remote operation from the cab 7 or another place.

  The arrangement of the shear pin 44A, the piston 44B, and the cylinder 44C is set in the vertical direction for easy understanding in FIG. 12, but the horizontal direction requires less height, and the cylinder 44C is disposed on the spreader 10b. Fixing is also easy.

  According to this configuration, since the shear pin 44A can be inserted and removed by remote operation, the spreader 10a, 10b can be easily connected and disconnected, and the shear pin 44A can provide an impact force buffering mechanism. Since it doubles as well, it becomes a simple structure.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the cargo handling in the container crane 1 is performed as follows when the container 50 of the container ship 70 that has berthed is loaded and unloaded onto the quayside chassis 72.

  The container crane 1 is run on the quay rail 71 and stopped at a predetermined cargo handling position. Next, after the trolley 3 is moved on the rail of the cantilever 2 and moved to just above the container 50 to be handled, the connected spreaders 10a and 10b are unwound.

  Containers are guided by the guide arm 16 (FIG. 3) while the spreaders 10a and 10b being lowered are controlled by the cylinders 20f and 20b (FIG. 3) to adjust the distance L between them and the tilt angle θ in the turning direction. 50, and the container 50 is fixed to the spreaders 10a and 10b using the fitting device 15 (FIG. 3). After fixing, the spreaders 10a and 10b are wound up and the container 50 on the container ship 70 is lifted.

  The trolley 3 is moved on the rail of the cantilever 2 to traverse to the land side, and is moved directly above the chassis 72, 72. The spreaders 10a and 10b are lowered while controlling the cylinders 20f and 20b (FIG. 3) and adjusting the distance L between them and the turning direction inclination angle θ, and the containers 50a and 50b are placed on the chassis 72 and 72. Then, the containers 50a and 50b are fixed on the chassis 72 and 72, respectively. The fitting device 15 of the spreaders 10a and 10b is removed, and the containers 50a and 50b are separated from the spreaders 10a and 10b.

  The spreaders 10 a and 10 b are wound up, and the trolley 3 is moved onto the container ship 70 in order to load the next container 50. The cargo handling of the container ship 70 is completed by repeating the above cargo handling.

  In addition, when loading the container 50 from the chassis 72 onto the container ship 70, the work in the reverse direction is performed. Further, when the container 50 is used for cargo handling using only the spreader 10a on one side, the connection between the spreaders 10a and 10b is released, and an independent operation is performed in which only the spreader 10a on one side is wound up or down.

  Therefore, according to this container crane 1, it is easy to connect and release the spreaders 10a and 10b arranged in parallel in the transverse direction of the crane, and a plurality of containers in which the spreaders 10a and 10b are connected as necessary. The cargo handling of 50a and 50b and the separate cargo handling are possible, and when a large impact force is generated in the spreaders 10a and 10b, the impact force is buffered and the spreaders 10a and 10b are connected. Damage to the members 20, 40 and the spreaders 10a, 10b can be reduced.

It is a front view which shows an example of the container crane of embodiment of this invention. It is a side view of the container crane of FIG. It is a front view which shows the structure of a spreader part. It is a top view which shows the structure of a spreader part. It is a figure which shows the hydraulic mechanism of a hydraulic cylinder. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the fixing | fixed part which permits mutual sliding, and an opening-and-closing part. It is a top view which shows the structure of the fixing | fixed part and opening / closing part which permit mutual sliding. It is a perspective view which shows the structure which provided the connection part by a shear pin in the structure of the fixing | fixed part which permits mutual sliding, and an opening-and-closing part. It is a top view which shows the structure which provided the connection part by a shear pin in the structure of the fixing | fixed part which permits mutual sliding, and an opening-and-closing part. It is a perspective view which shows the structure which provided the connection part by a shear pin in the structure of the fixing | fixed part and opening / closing part which do not permit mutual sliding. It is a top view which shows the structure which provided the connection part by a shear pin in the structure of the fixing | fixed part and opening / closing part which do not permit mutual sliding. It is a perspective view which shows the structure which connects a 1st fixing | fixed part and a 2nd fixing | fixed part only with a shear pin.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Container crane 2 Cantilever 3 Trolley 4, 5 Wire rope 6 Machine room 7 Operation room 8 Leg part 10a, 10b Spreader (hanging tool)
20 cylinder 21 fixed part 21A first fixed part 22 rod 24, 44A shear pin 40 brake 41 opening / closing part 50, 50a, 50b container 70 container ship F impact force

Claims (4)

Two spreaders of a container crane are arranged in the transverse direction, and a first connecting member that can extend and retract a rod having a first fixing portion on the front end side is fixed to one spreader, and the first fixing portion is fixed to the other spreader. A second connecting member having a second fixing portion capable of fixing the first fixing portion, fixing the first fixing portion to the second fixing portion, connecting both spreaders, and expanding and contracting the rod; In a container crane that adjusts an interval between the two and an inclination angle in a turning direction and separates both spreaders by removing the fixing of the first fixing part and the second fixing part, the second fixing part is When the first fixing part is formed by an opening / closing part that can be held between the first fixing part and the opening / closing part is closed to hold the first fixing part, when the impact force is applied, the first fixing part and the first fixing part Opening and closing part Container but a structure that can slide each other in the stretching direction of the rod, the impact-damping mechanism constitute, and characterized in that said second fixing portion, to form a negative brake opening the closing part and is energized crane. One or both of the first connecting member and the second connecting member is provided with a coupling portion by a shear pin that is damaged when an impact force is applied, thereby configuring the impact force buffering mechanism. The container crane according to claim 1 . The first fixing portion and the second fixing portion are connected by a shear pin that is damaged when an impact force is applied to constitute the impact force buffering mechanism, and the shear pin can be inserted and removed by remote operation. The container crane according to claim 1 , wherein the container crane is formed so that the first fixed portion and the second fixed portion can be connected and disconnected by remote control . Said first connecting member and forms a hydraulic cylinder with an impact mechanism to mitigate the impact force of expansion and contraction direction of the rod, according to claim 1, characterized by being configured the buffer-damping mechanism with the buffer mechanism or 2. The container crane according to 2 .

Images