JP4777250B2 - 水素製造システムおよび改質装置 - Google Patents
水素製造システムおよび改質装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4777250B2 JP4777250B2 JP2006528957A JP2006528957A JP4777250B2 JP 4777250 B2 JP4777250 B2 JP 4777250B2 JP 2006528957 A JP2006528957 A JP 2006528957A JP 2006528957 A JP2006528957 A JP 2006528957A JP 4777250 B2 JP4777250 B2 JP 4777250B2
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Description
本実施例の水素製造システムでは、気化器1の本体容器11を、ステンレス管(外径:216mm,内径:208mm,全長:1000mm)により構成した。触媒燃焼部13としては、燃焼用触媒として白金系触媒が充填された所定の燃焼器を用いた。流通管14としては、一部にスパイラル形状を有するステンレス製管(内径:10mm,全長:20m)を用いた。蓄熱材15としては、酸化アルミニウムおよび二酸化ケイ素の混合物からなるセラミックボール(直径:6.35mm)を約25リットル(充填高さ:900mm)本体容器11内に充填した。改質反応器2の本体容器21については、ステンレス管(外径:165mm、内径:158mm、全長:750mm)により構成した。この本体容器21の周囲には、保温用の断熱材を取り付けた。改質反応部22には、酸化アルミニウム、酸化銅、および酸化亜鉛を含む粒径3.0mmのペレット状の水蒸気改質触媒を約10リットル(充填高さ:500mm)充填した。この触媒は部分酸化改質反応の触媒としても機能する。熱交換器3としては、プレート式熱交換器(商品名:ブレージングプレート式熱交換器、日阪製作所製)を用いた。PSA分離装置5としては、3塔式のPSA水素分離装置(商品名:PSA水素ガス発生装置、住友精化製)を用いた。本装置の各吸着塔は、直径50mm、全長1000mmの円筒形状を有し、各吸着塔にはゼオライト系吸着剤を約1.7リットル(充填高さ:900mm)充填した。
本実施例の水素製造においては、メタノール濃度が58.7wt%であるメタノール水(20℃)を、システムへのメタノールおよび水の供給量が0.42kmol/hおよび0.525kmol/hとなる流量で、熱交換器3に導入した。熱交換器3では、改質反応器2からの改質ガスとの熱交換により、メタノール水は137℃まで昇温した。熱交換器3を通過した後のメタノール水には、0.20kmol/hの流量で酸素を添加した。この混合原料は、気化器1に導入され、気化器1において250℃まで昇温して気化状態となった。この気化状態の混合原料は、改質反応器2に導入され、改質反応部22でのオートサーマル改質反応(反応圧力:0.9MPa)により、水素を含む改質ガス(250℃)が発生した。この改質ガスは、熱交換器3に導入され、メタノール水との熱交換により40℃まで降温した。この改質ガスは、気液分離器4に導入され、当該改質ガス中に含まれる液成分が分離除去された。この後、改質ガスはPSA分離装置5に導入された。PSA分離装置5では、改質ガスから水素富化ガスが取り出された。また、PSA分離装置5から排出される水素含有脱着ガスは、気化器1の触媒燃焼部13に導入され、混合原料を加熱気化するための燃料として使用された。本実施例のこのような水素製造においては、改質反応器2におけるメタノールの反応率は97.6%、PSA分離装置5における水素回収率は80%、水素富化ガスにおける水素の純度は99.999%であった。また、純度99.999%の水素富化ガスの取得量は20.24Nm3/hであった。
実施例3,4において、水素製造システムX2A,X2Cの稼動開始から1時間以上経過した定常稼動時における改質反応部22A,22Cの温度分布をそれぞれ調査した。この改質反応部22A,22Cの温度分布の調査は、改質反応部22A,22C内に設定された複数の測定ポイントの温度を測定することにより行った。実施例3では、当該測定ポイントは、第1領域221および第2領域222におけるガスの流れ方向に沿った所定の軸S1,S2上(図4Aおよび図4Bを参照)に変位して設定された。改質反応部22Aには、軸S1ないし軸S2に沿って移動可能に温度計を配置した。そして、当該温度計の測定部の位置を軸S1上ないし軸S2上において変位する測定ポイントへ順次ずらし、当該測定ポイントごとの温度を測定した。実施例4では、測定ポイントは、第1領域221および第2領域222におけるガスの流れ方向に沿った所定の軸S3,S4上(図6Aおよび図6Bを参照)に変位して設定された。改質反応部22Cには、軸S3ないし軸S4に沿って移動可能に温度計を配置した。そして、当該温度計の測定部の位置を軸S3上ないし軸S4上において変位する測定ポイントへ順次ずらし、当該測定ポイントごとの温度を測定した。
Claims (16)
- 炭化水素系原料と水と酸素とを含む混合原料を加熱して気化状態とするための気化器と、
上記炭化水素系原料の水蒸気改質反応とともに上記炭化水素系原料の部分酸化改質反応を併発させることにより、上記気化状態とされた混合原料から、水素を含有する改質ガスを生じさせるための、改質反応器と、
吸着剤が充填された吸着塔を用いて行う圧力変動吸着式ガス分離法により、上記吸着塔に上記改質ガスを導入して当該改質ガス中の不要成分を上記吸着剤に吸着させ、当該吸着塔から水素富化ガスを導出し、且つ、上記吸着剤から上記不要成分を脱着させ、上記吸着塔内に残存する水素と当該不要成分とを含む水素含有脱着ガスを当該吸着塔から排出するための、圧力変動吸着式ガス分離装置と、を備え、
上記気化器は、上記水素含有脱着ガスを燃焼し、当該燃焼により生ずる燃焼ガスを熱源として上記混合原料を加熱する、ことを特徴とする水素製造システム。 - 上記炭化水素系原料はメタノールである、請求項1に記載の水素製造システム。
- 上記気化器に供給される前の上記炭化水素系原料および上記水を、上記改質反応器からの上記改質ガスを熱源として加熱するための、加熱手段を更に備える、請求項1に記載の水素製造システム。
- 上記気化器は、上記水素含有脱着ガスを触媒燃焼させるための触媒燃焼部を有する、請求項1に記載の水素製造システム。
- 上記気化器は、上記燃焼ガスが有する熱エネルギを蓄えるための蓄熱手段を有する、請求項1に記載の水素製造システム。
- 上記気化器は、本体容器と、上記混合原料を流通させるための、上記本体容器内を通過する流通管と、上記水素含有脱着ガスを触媒燃焼させて上記本体容器内に上記燃焼ガスを供給するための触媒燃焼部とを有する、請求項1に記載の水素製造システム。
- 上記気化器は、上記燃焼ガスが有する熱エネルギを蓄えるための、上記本体容器内に充填された蓄熱材を更に有する、請求項6に記載の水素製造システム。
- 上記蓄熱材はセラミックボールである、請求項7に記載の水素製造システム。
- 上記流通管はスパイラル形状を有する、請求項6に記載の水素製造システム。
- 上記燃焼ガスを熱源として上記改質反応器を加熱するための加熱手段を更に備える、請求項1に記載の水素製造システム。
- 上記改質反応器は、上流側の第1領域と、下流側の第2領域とを有し、
上記第1領域と上記第2領域とは、熱伝導性の隔壁を挟んで隣接して配置されている、請求項1に記載の水素製造システム。 - 炭化水素系原料を改質して改質ガスを発生させるための改質装置であって、
燃料を燃焼して生ずる燃焼ガスを熱源として、炭化水素系原料と水と酸素とを含む混合原料を加熱して気化状態とするための気化器と、
上記炭化水素系原料の水蒸気改質反応とともに上記炭化水素系原料の部分酸化改質反応を併発させることにより、上記気化状態とされた混合原料から、水素を含有する改質ガスを生じさせるための改質反応器と、を備えることを特徴とする改質装置。 - 上記改質反応器は、上流側の第1領域と、下流側の第2領域とを有し、
上記第1領域と上記第2領域とは、熱伝導性の隔壁を挟んで隣接して配置されている、請求項12に記載の改質装置。 - 上記燃料は、上記改質ガス中の上記水素の一部を含む、請求項12に記載の改質装置。
- 炭化水素系原料を改質して改質ガスを発生させるための改質装置であって、
気化状態の炭化水素系原料と水と酸素とを含む混合原料を、上記炭化水素系原料の水蒸気改質反応とともに上記炭化水素系原料の部分酸化改質反応を同一の触媒で併発させることにより、上記気化状態とされた混合原料から、水素を含有する改質ガスを生じさせるための改質反応器を備え、
当該改質反応器は、上流側の第1領域と、下流側の第2領域とを有し、
上記第1領域と上記第2領域とは、熱伝導性の隔壁を挟んで隣接して配置されていることを特徴とする、改質装置。 - 上記隔壁は、少なくとも1つの管体で構成されている、請求項15に記載の改質装置。
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