JP4759244B2 - toner - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a developer (toner) used in an image forming method such as an electrophotographic method, an electrostatic recording method, and a toner jet method.

  Conventionally, as an image forming method, many methods such as an electrostatic recording method, a magnetic recording method, and a toner jet method are known. Moreover, many methods are known also as an electrophotographic method (for example, refer patent documents 1-3). In general, a photoconductive material is used to form an electric latent image on a photoreceptor by various means, and then the latent image is developed with toner to form a visible image. After transferring the toner to the transfer material, the toner image is fixed on the transfer material by heat, pressure, etc. to obtain a copy, and the toner remaining on the photoreceptor without being transferred is cleaned by various methods. And the above steps are repeated.

  In recent years, such a copying apparatus has been strictly pursued to be smaller, lighter, faster, and more reliable. For example, not only a general-purpose copying machine for copying original documents, but also for copying high-definition images such as digital printers or graphic designs as computer output, and more reliability is required. It has begun to be used for light printing (print-on-demand applications that allow high-mix, low-volume printing from document editing to copying and bookbinding on a personal computer). Therefore, higher definition and higher image quality are demanded, and as a result, the performance required for toner has become higher.

  Incidentally, fixing performance is one of important performances required for toner in digital printers and high-definition image copying.

  Various methods and apparatuses have been developed for fixing, but the most common method at present is a pressure heating method using a heat roller.

  The pressure heating method using a heating roller is a method in which fixing is performed by allowing the toner image surface of a fixing sheet to pass through the surface of a heat roller formed with a material having releasability with respect to the toner while being pressed. is there. In this method, since the surface of the heat roller and the toner image of the fixing sheet are brought into contact with each other under pressure, the thermal efficiency at the time of fusing the toner image on the fixing sheet is extremely good, and the fixing can be performed quickly. This is very effective in a high-speed electrophotographic copying machine. However, in the above method, since the surface of the heat roller and the toner image are in contact with each other under pressure in a molten state, a part of the toner image may adhere and transfer to the surface of the fixing roller, and the next fixing sheet may be soiled. (Offset phenomenon). Preventing toner from adhering to the surface of the heat fixing roller is one of the essential conditions of the heat roller fixing method.

  Recently, in place of a heat roller, a fixing device comprising a pressure member that is in pressure contact with a heating body and that closely attaches a recording material to the heating body through a film has been put into practical use. Although advantageous, the offset phenomenon is more likely to occur because the toner surface is melted, and it is more necessary to prevent this.

  Also, in the fixing process, in order to realize a fixing method with a short wait time and low power consumption, the toner is required to have a design that can realize low-temperature fixing.

Many proposals have been made regarding a system to which a crosslinking agent is added to prevent offset. For example, a toner composed of a vinyl polymer that has been appropriately crosslinked by adding a crosslinking agent and a molecular weight regulator has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 4). In addition, a toner has been proposed in which an α, β unsaturated ethylenic monomer is used as a structural unit and the molecular weight distribution is widened so that the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight is 3.5 to 4.0. (For example, refer to Patent Document 5). However, these toners have a fixing temperature between the minimum fixing temperature (the lowest temperature at which fixing is possible) and the offset temperature (the temperature at which offset begins to occur) compared to toners made of a single resin having a narrow molecular weight distribution. Although the range is widened, the fixing temperature cannot be sufficiently lowered if an attempt is made to satisfy the offset prevention performance, while the offset prevention performance becomes insufficient if an attempt is made to satisfy the low temperature fixing property.

Therefore, instead of these vinyl resins, a toner is proposed in which a polyester resin, which is essentially superior to vinyl resins in terms of low-temperature fixability, is crosslinked and further added with an anti-offset agent ( For example, see Patent Document 6). This toner is excellent in both low-temperature fixing property and offset prevention property, but has a problem in terms of toner productivity (grindability).
Further, a toner using a resin obtained by polymerizing a vinyl monomer in the presence of a reactive polyester resin and polymerizing the polymer through a crosslinking reaction, an addition reaction, and a grafting reaction in the course of polymerization has been proposed ( For example, see Patent Document 7).

  Such a cross-linked vinyl polymer or a toner containing a gel content in the toner certainly has a surface for improving the offset resistance. However, when this crosslinked vinyl polymer is used as a toner raw material for inclusion in the toner, the internal friction in the polymer becomes very large at the time of melt kneading at the time of toner production, and a large shearing force is applied to the polymer. . For this reason, the molecular chain may be broken, resulting in a decrease in melt viscosity, which may adversely affect the offset property.

In order to solve this problem, it has been proposed to use a resin having a carboxylic acid and a metal compound as a raw material of the toner and to cause a heat reaction during melt-kneading to form a crosslinked polymer and to be contained in the toner (for example, (See Patent Documents 8 to 11). In addition, it is proposed that a vinyl resin and a polyvalent metal compound having a vinyl polymer and a more specific half-ester compound as an essential structural unit are reacted to perform crosslinking (for example, Patent Documents 12 to 12). 14).
However, any cross-linking agent is still insufficient to satisfy both the offset resistance and the low-temperature fixability and needs to be improved.

  Also, in the binder resin containing carboxyl group-containing resin and glycidyl group-containing resin, the molecular weight distribution, acid value, and the amount of each resin are controlled to balance the fixability, offset resistance, and blocking resistance. It has been proposed to improve significantly (see, for example, Patent Documents 15 to 21). Further, it has been proposed that fixing property, offset resistance, blocking property, pulverization property, and durable developability are improved by controlling the storage elastic modulus of the resin in a certain temperature range (for example, Patent Document 22). reference). However, although these proposals show the effect of improving the offset resistance and the blocking resistance, the developability is still insufficient. Therefore, there is room for improvement when considering use in light printing or the like where higher reliability is required. Further, the fixing property is still insufficient for a machine that realizes a high-speed copying system and a low power consumption fixing method which are required in recent years. That is, when the copying speed is further increased, the time for the recording material to pass through the fixing device is shortened even if the heating temperature and the applied pressure at the time of fixing are the same as those in the past. That is, the total heat amount (work amount) applied to the recording material is decreasing, and further improvement of the fixing property is indispensable for the toner.

Although the above-mentioned proposals described above have been improved in terms of improving the fixing property and the offset property, in order to achieve smaller size, lighter weight, higher speed, and higher reliability. There is still room for improvement.
US Pat. No. 2,297,691 Japanese Patent Publication No.42-23910 Japanese Patent Publication No.43-24748 Japanese Patent Publication No.51-23354 Japanese Patent Publication No.55-6805 JP-A-57-208559 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 56-116043 JP 55-90509 A JP 57-178249 A JP 57-178250 A JP-A-60-4946 JP 63-214760 A JP 63-217362 A JP 63-217363 A JP-A-6-11890 JP-A-6-222612 JP-A-9-318140 JP-A-10-87837 JP-A-10-90943 JP 2001-188383 A JP 2003-15363 A JP 2002-189316 A

The present invention has been made under such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a color toner that solves the above-described problems.
Specifically, the present invention provides a toner that can be fixed at low temperature, has excellent offset resistance, stably obtains high image quality even when used under high and low humidity, and does not cause image defects over time. Objective.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a toner with good productivity.

  As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by adopting the following configuration.

That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1) In a toner having toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a colorant,
The toner particles are produced by melt-kneading at least a styrene-acrylic resin and a colorant, cooling and solidifying, pulverizing, and classifying.
The styrene-acrylic resin was obtained by reacting a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin and a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin, and the styrene-acrylic resin was extracted for 16 hours by Soxhlet extraction using tetrahydrofuran (THF). The THF-insoluble matter C, which is an extraction residue, is 0% by mass to 10% by mass,
(I) The binder resin in the toner contains 60% by mass or more of the styrene-acrylic resin,
(Ii) The binder resin has a THF-insoluble content A which is an extraction residue when extracted in a toner by Soxhlet extraction with tetrahydrofuran (THF) for 16 hours. It is contained in an amount of 20 to 50% by mass based on the arrival resin,
(Iii) The THF-insoluble matter A has a TOL-insoluble matter B that is an extraction residue when extracted for 16 hours by Soxhlet extraction using toluene (TOL).
(Iv) the mass ratio of the THF-insoluble matter A and TOL-insoluble matter B is Ri 0.15 ≦ B / A ≦ 0.35 der,
The THF soluble content of the binder resin in the toner has a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) having at least one peak in the region of molecular weight 3000 to 30000, and a molecular weight of 100,000 or less. The area is 70-100% of the total area ,
The TOL-soluble component obtained by extraction of the THF-insoluble component A with TOL is dissolved in THF, and the molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is at least 1 in the region of molecular weight 3000 to 30000. A toner having two peaks, and an area having a molecular weight of 100,000 or less on the GPC chart is 60 to 90% of the total area .

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a toner that can be fixed at a low temperature, has excellent offset resistance, stably obtains high image quality even when used under high and low humidity, and does not cause image defects over time. I can do it.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
According to the present invention, in a toner containing at least a binder resin and a colorant, the binder resin in the toner contains styrene-acrylic resin in an amount of 60% by mass or more. (THF) has a THF-insoluble content A which is an extraction residue when extracted by Soxhlet extraction for 16 hours, and the THF-insoluble content A uses toluene (TOL). TOL insoluble matter B, which is an extraction residue when extracted by Soxhlet extraction, and the mass ratio of THF insoluble matter A to TOL insoluble matter B is 0.1 ≦ B / A ≦ 0.5 It is characterized by that.

  The inventors of the present invention have made a study on the constituent materials used for the toner. As a result, the amount of the insoluble component when extracted with a specific solvent contained in the toner and the amount of the insoluble component when the insoluble component is re-extracted with a different solvent are determined. By controlling the ratio, and even more preferably, by controlling the molecular weight of the soluble component extracted by extraction, the fixing performance, offset resistance, pulverization, etc. are satisfied, the mechanical share is strong, and the image over time It has been found that a toner that does not cause defects can be obtained.

It can be interpreted as follows that the THF-insoluble content of the binder resin in the toner is present, and that the insoluble content is extracted at a certain ratio by TOL and has an insoluble content. Since the solubility parameters of THF and TOL are 18.6 and 18.2J ^0.5 m ^−1.5 , respectively, and it is considered that there is no difference in the amount of dissolution due to solvation, the TOL soluble component extracted by TOL in the THF insoluble component is Existence is considered to be caused by a difference in the amount of dissolution due to the difference in temperature during extraction (the boiling point of THF is about 65 ° C. and the boiling point of TOL is about 110 ° C.). That is, in a THF-insoluble matter, although the extraction with THF may not unravel the entanglement of molecules, in extraction with TOL is that indicates that the component is solved soluble component entanglement of molecules are present.

First, the binder resin contained in the toner of the present invention is:
<1>: Component soluble in THF by extraction (extraction for 16 hours) = THF 16
<2>: component insoluble in THF by extraction (extraction for 16 hours) = THF insoluble matter A
The component <2> can be further classified into the following two components:
<2-1>: A component soluble in TOL when extracted with TOL (extracted for 16 hours) out of component A insoluble in THF by extraction (extracted for 16 hours) = TOL16
<2-2>: Component A insoluble in TOL when extracted with TOL (extracted for 16 hours) out of component A insoluble in THF by extraction (16 hours extraction) = TOL insoluble matter B
It can be classified into two components.

  Here, “THF 16” is an effective component for low-temperature fixing. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain sufficient fixing performance when there is no desired abundance. “THF insoluble matter A” is an effective component for expressing good releasability from a heating member such as a fixing roller. In particular, when applied to a high-speed machine, there is an effect of reducing the amount of toner offset to a heating member such as a fixing roller. “TOL16” in the THF-insoluble matter A is a component formed by molecular entanglement as described above, and expresses a unique action in the toner. That is, “TOL16” is close to the molecular weight distribution of a low molecular weight resin, so it tends to cause thermal behavior in a low temperature region, and is excellent in solubility by heat. It is a component that can satisfy high-temperature offset resistance without impairing fixing properties. Furthermore, unlike the conventional hard insoluble matter, it does not have strong brittleness, so it is excellent in grindability. Furthermore, since “TOL16” plays an intermediate role between “THF16” and “TOL-insoluble matter B”, it is a component capable of improving the compatibility between the two. As a result, the dispersibility of a colorant or a release agent used as a toner raw material can be further improved, and the durability developability is improved.

  “TOL insoluble matter B” in “THF insoluble matter A” is a highly bridging component having strong brittleness, and is therefore a component excellent in thermal stability. Therefore, a toner having a strong mechanical share can be obtained by being present in a small amount in the toner, and a high-quality image can be maintained over a long period of time.

  Therefore, in order to obtain a toner having a wide fixing area and stable image quality and causing no image defects over time, the characteristics of each of the above components are taken into consideration, and the present invention is obtained by extracting with THF in a binder resin toner. The ratio of the insoluble content and the ratio of the insoluble content when the insoluble content is re-extracted with TOL is defined.

That is, in the toner of the present invention, the content of THF-insoluble matter A which is an extraction residue when extracted for 16 hours by Soxhlet extraction using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a binder resin in the toner is “A”. When the content of TOL insoluble matter B, which is an extraction residue when extracted with Soxhlet extraction of THF insoluble content A using toluene (TOL) for 16 hours, is “B”, the mass ratio B / A is 0.1 ≦ B / A ≦ 0.5 is satisfied, more preferably 0.15 ≦ B / A ≦ 0.35 is satisfied. When the mass ratio B / A of the THF-insoluble component A and the TOL-insoluble component B is smaller than 0.1, the TOL-insoluble component B is hardly present, indicating that most of the entanglement is unwound at the boiling point of the TOL. Thus, when there is no highly crosslinked component having excellent thermal stability, the mechanical share becomes weak and the toner tends to deteriorate. As a result, it becomes difficult to keep the image quality stable over a long period of time. Furthermore, since it becomes difficult to apply a kneading share at the time of melt kneading at the time of toner particle production caused by a highly cross-linking component, the dispersibility of raw materials such as a release agent, a magnetic material, and a charge control agent in the toner particles is reduced. Affects developability. Further, when the mass ratio B / A of the THF-insoluble component A and the TOL-insoluble component B is smaller than 0.1, since there is almost no sticky component due to entanglement, adhesion to the transfer material However, the toner is easily peeled off from the transparency (trappen).

  On the other hand, when the mass ratio B / A of the THF-insoluble component A and the TOL-insoluble component B is larger than 0.5, the amount of the component generated by the entanglement, “TOL16”, is reduced, and the “TOL-insoluble component that is a highly crosslinked component” It shows that the abundance of “min B” increases. Since it is close to the molecular weight distribution of the low molecular weight resin, the abundance of “TOL16”, which tends to cause thermal behavior in a low temperature region, is reduced, and the fixability to halftone images and cardboard is deteriorated. Further, it becomes difficult to make the low molecular component and the highly crosslinked component compatible with each other, and it becomes impossible to improve the dispersibility of the colorant, the release agent, and the like. As a result, the durability developability under high temperature and high humidity deteriorates. Furthermore, when the amount of “TOL-insoluble matter B” increases, not only does the influence of pulverization appear due to an increase in the components having strong brittleness, but the high-temperature offset resistance is enhanced by promoting molecular cutting during kneading. descend.

  In the toner of the present invention, the THF insoluble content A is 10% by mass to 50% by mass, preferably 20% by mass to 50% by mass, and more preferably 25% by mass to 50% by mass. The THF-insoluble component A is an effective component for exhibiting good releasability for a heating member such as a fixing roller. When applied to a high-speed machine, there is an effect of reducing the toner offset amount with respect to a heating member such as a fixing roller. Therefore, when the value of the THF insoluble content A is less than 10% by mass, the above effect is hardly exhibited. When the value exceeds 50% by mass, not only the fixing property is deteriorated but also the dispersion of the raw materials in the toner is performed. Deteriorates and the chargeability becomes non-uniform.

  In the toner of the present invention, the above “THF 16” has at least one peak in the molecular weight region of 3000 to 30000 in the molecular weight distribution by GPC, and the total area of the molecular weight of 100,000 or less in the GPC chart is the total total area. It is good that it is 70 to 100%. By having at least one peak in the molecular weight range of 3,000 to 30,000, good low-temperature fixability and blocking resistance can be achieved. When the peak is less than 3,000, the blocking resistance is lowered, and when the molecular weight exceeds 30,000, it is difficult to obtain sufficient fixability. Further, when the total area having a molecular weight of 100,000 or less is less than 70% with respect to the total area, it is difficult to achieve sufficient fixability.

Furthermore, in the toner of the present invention, the TOL-soluble component “TOL16” obtained by TOL extraction of the THF-insoluble component A has a molecular weight distribution by GPC and has at least one peak in the molecular weight region of 3000 to 30000. In the GPC chart, the total area having a molecular weight of 100,000 or less is preferably 60 to 90% of the total area. When the molecular weight distribution of the TOL-soluble component is in the above range, it is close to the molecular weight distribution of the low molecular weight resin, so it tends to cause thermal behavior in the low temperature region, and is excellent in solubility due to heat. Therefore, it is possible to satisfy the high-temperature offset resistance without impairing the low-temperature fixability. Furthermore, since it does not have strong brittleness, it does not generate a large amount of fine powder and is excellent in grindability. Furthermore, it becomes possible to improve the compatibility of the low molecular component and the highly crosslinked component. As a result, the dispersibility of a colorant or a release agent used as a toner raw material can be further improved, and the durability developability is improved. Further, by improving the dispersibility, the charging characteristics of the toner become uniform, and as a result, the image quality such as dot reproducibility is improved. When the peak is less than 3,000, the blocking resistance is lowered, and when the molecular weight is more than 30,000, the fixability to a halftone image or cardboard is lowered. In addition, when the total area with a molecular weight of 100,000 or less is less than 60% of the total area, it becomes difficult to make the low molecular component and the high crosslinking component compatible with each other, and the dispersibility of the colorant and the release agent is improved. It becomes difficult to make it. As a result, the durability developability under high temperature and high humidity is lowered. Furthermore, the increase in the components having strong brittleness not only affects the grindability, but also promotes molecular cutting during kneading, thereby reducing high-temperature offset resistance. Further, when the total area exceeds 90%, the toner is easily peeled off from the trap pen.

  In the present invention, the binder resin contains 60% by mass or more of styrene-acrylic resin. Moreover, in order to produce | generate the pseudo-crosslinking component by an entanglement in this invention, it is good to produce | generate the styrene-acryl resin contained in the said binder resin by making a carboxyl group containing vinyl resin and a glycidyl group containing vinyl resin react.

  Here, the glycidyl group in the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin is a ring-opening addition reaction with the carboxyl group in the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin to form a crosslinked structure. In this case, if the distance between the crosslinking points is increased, The cross-linked structure can be controlled to a branched structure instead of a network structure.

  In order to obtain the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin, the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin is preferably composed of a low molecular weight resin component and a high molecular weight resin component. The peak molecular weight (MpL) of the low molecular weight resin component is preferably 4000 to 30000 in order to achieve good fixing performance and blocking resistance, and the peak molecular weight (MpH) of the high molecular weight resin component achieves good offset and durability. In order to do this, it is preferable that it exists in 100,000 to 400,000. The acid value of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin is preferably 0.5 to 50 mgKOH / g. When the amount is less than 0.5 mg KOH / g, the number of cross-linking reaction sites between the carboxyl group and the glycidyl group is reduced, so that the entangled component is hardly generated. When the acid value exceeds 50 mgKOH / g, when applied to a positively chargeable toner, the negative chargeability of the binder resin in the toner particles becomes strong, and the image density tends to decrease and the fog tends to increase. Moreover, it is preferable that the high molecular weight resin component has a high acid value and the low molecular weight resin component has a low acid value. This is because the high molecular weight resin component is selectively reacted to improve the offset resistance without affecting the low-temperature fixability. The glass transition point (Tg) of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin is preferably 40 to 70 ° C. When Tg is less than 40 ° C., the blocking resistance of the toner is lowered, and when it exceeds 70 ° C., the fixing property of the toner is lowered.

In order to obtain the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin, the following vinyl polymer monomers can be used for both the high molecular weight resin component and the low molecular weight resin component. Examples of the monomer having a carboxyl group include unsaturated dibasic acids such as maleic acid, citraconic acid, dimethylmaleic acid, itaconic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, and anhydrides thereof; fumaric acid, metaconic acid, dimethylfumaric acid; , Anhydride monomers, monoesters of the above unsaturated dibasic acids, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid and anhydrides thereof; anhydrides between the α, β-unsaturated acids and lower Α, β-unsaturated acids such as anhydrides with fatty acids, anhydride monomers thereof, alkenylmalonic acid, alkenylglutaric acid, alkenyladipic acid and anhydrides, monoesters thereof. Among these, maleic acid and maleic acid half ester maleic anhydride are preferably used as monomers for obtaining the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin of the present invention. Furthermore, the following are mentioned as a comonomer used in combination with a carboxyl group-containing vinyl monomer. For example, styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-phenylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 3,4-dichlorostyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 2,4 -Dimethylstyrene, pn-butylstyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, pn-hexylstyrene, pn-octylstyrene, pn-nonylstyrene, pn-decylstyrene, pn- Styrene and its derivatives such as dodecylstyrene; Ethylene unsaturated monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene and isobutylene; Unsaturated polyenes such as butadiene; Halogen such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl bromide and vinyl fluoride Vinyl halides; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl benzoate Methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid Α-methyl aliphatic monocarboxylic acid esters such as dimethylaminoethyl and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, acrylic Acrylic esters such as dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate; vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether Vinyl ethers such as vinyl isobutyl ether; Vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone, and methyl isopropenyl ketone; N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinyl pyrrole, N-vinyl carbazole, N-vinyl indole, and N-vinyl pyrrolidone Vinyl naphthalenes; acrylic acid or methacrylic acid derivatives such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and acrylamide; esters of the above α, β-unsaturated acids, diesters of dibasic acids; Used in

  Among these, a combination of monomers that becomes a styrene copolymer or a styrene-acrylic copolymer is preferable. The preferred reason for the styrenic copolymer is that the carboxyl groups present in the polymer chain of the styrenic copolymer effectively interact with the glycidyl groups in the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin to efficiently generate entangled components. It is because it can do.

The binder resin used in the present invention may contain a polymer crosslinked with a crosslinkable monomer as exemplified below, if necessary. As the crosslinkable monomer, a monomer having two or more polymerizable double bonds is mainly used. Aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene and the like; diacrylate compounds linked by alkyl chains such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-
Hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, and acrylates of the above compounds replaced with methacrylate; diacrylate compounds linked by an alkyl chain containing an ether bond, such as diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate Acrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol # 400 diacrylate, polyethylene glycol # 600 diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, and acrylates of the above compounds replaced with methacrylate; including aromatic groups and ether linkages Chain-linked diacrylate compounds such as polyoxyethylene (2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane diacrylate, polyoxyethylene Ethylene (4) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane diacrylate, and those obtained by replacing the acrylate of the above compound with methacrylate; and polyester-type diacrylate compounds such as trade names MANDA (
Nippon Kayaku). Polyfunctional crosslinking monomers include pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylol ethane triacrylate, trimethylol propane triacrylate, tetramethylol methane tetraacrylate, oligoester acrylate, and acrylates of the above compounds replaced with methacrylate; Alicyanurate, triallyl trimellitate; and the like.

  These crosslinking monomers are preferably used in an amount of about 0.01 to 5% by mass (more preferably about 0.03 to 3% by mass) with respect to 100% by mass of other monomer components.

When producing the resin used in the present invention, such as the above-mentioned carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin and glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin, it is necessary to sufficiently consider the conditions such as the initiator, the type of solvent and the reaction conditions.

Examples of initiators include benzoyl peroxide and 1,1-di (t-butylperoxy)
-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, n-butyl-4,4-di (t-butylperoxy) valerate, dicumyl peroxide, α, α'-bis (t-butylperoxydiisopropyl) benzene, t Organic peroxides such as -butyl peroxycumene and di-t-butyl peroxide, azo and diazo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile, diazoaminoazobenzene, and the like can be used.

  As a method for synthesizing the low molecular weight resin component used in producing the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin according to the present invention, a known method can be used. However, the bulk polymerization method can obtain a low molecular weight polymer by polymerizing at a high temperature to increase the termination reaction rate, but has a problem that the reaction is difficult to control. In that respect, the solution polymerization method uses a difference in chain transfer of radicals by a solvent, and a low molecular weight polymer can be obtained under mild conditions by adjusting the amount of initiator and reaction temperature. It is preferable for obtaining a resin component. As a solvent used in the solution polymerization, xylene, toluene, cumene, cellosolve acetate, isopropyl alcohol or benzene is used. Particularly when a styrene monomer is used, xylene, toluene or cumene is preferable. The solvent is appropriately selected depending on the type of polymer to be polymerized. The reaction temperature varies depending on the solvent to be used, the polymerization initiator, and the polymer to be polymerized, but it is usually preferable to carry out the reaction at 70 to 230 ° C. In solution polymerization, it is good to make it react in the ratio of 30-400 mass parts of monomers with respect to 100 mass parts of solvents. Furthermore, another polymer may be mixed in the solution at the end of the polymerization, and several kinds of polymers can be mixed.

  Moreover, as a method for synthesizing a high molecular weight resin component used in producing the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin according to the present invention, a bulk polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method or a suspension polymerization method can be used. . Among them, the emulsion polymerization method is a method in which a monomer (monomer) almost insoluble in water is dispersed as small particles in an aqueous phase with an emulsifier, and polymerization is performed using a water-soluble polymerization initiator. In this method, the reaction heat can be easily adjusted, and the termination reaction rate is low because the phase in which the polymerization is carried out (the oil phase consisting of the polymer and the monomer) and the aqueous phase are separate, resulting in a high polymerization rate. A product having a high degree of polymerization is obtained. Furthermore, because the polymerization process is relatively simple and the polymerization product is fine particles, it is easy to mix with additives such as colorants and charge control agents in the production of toner. It is preferable as a method for synthesizing a high molecular weight resin component. However, since the added emulsifier tends to impure the polymer, and in order to take out the polymer, an operation such as salting out is necessary. Therefore, the suspension polymerization method is preferable to avoid this inconvenience. However, the most preferable method for synthesizing the high molecular weight resin component is the solution polymerization method. This is because the solution polymerization method can be performed under mild conditions, so that a carboxyl group necessary for crosslinking can be introduced into the high molecular weight component while controlling the distance between crosslinking points. Moreover, the high molecular weight resin component synthesized by the solution polymerization method shows good compatibility even when mixed with the low molecular weight resin component. As a result, it has been shown that this has an effect of further improving the developability, and from such a viewpoint, the synthesis by the solution polymerization method is preferable.

  The styrene-acrylic resin contained in the binder resin of the present invention is preferably obtained by reacting the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin with the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin described below.

The monomer having a glycidyl group unit constituting the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin is a compound having a vinyl group and an epoxy group, such as an ester of glycidyl alcohol and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, or an unsaturated glycidyl ether. Examples thereof include glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, β-methyl glycidyl acrylate, β-methyl glycidyl methacrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, allyl β-methyl glycidyl ether, and the like. As the glycidyl monomer, a compound represented by the following formula (1) is preferably used.

（一般式（１）において、Ｒ’₁，Ｒ’₂，Ｒ’₃は水素，アルキル基，アリール基，アラ
ルキル基，カルボキシル基及びアルコキシカルボニル基を示す。）

(In the general formula (1), R ′ ₁ , R ′ ₂ and R ′ ₃ represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a carboxyl group and an alkoxycarbonyl group.)

  A glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin can be obtained by copolymerizing such a monomer having a glycidyl group unit alone or mixed with a vinyl monomer by a known polymerization method. The glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 2,000 to 100,000, preferably 2,000 to 50,000, and more preferably 3,000 to 4,000. When Mw is less than 5,000, even if the molecular weight increases in the reaction in the binder resin, molecular chain scission is increased in the kneading step, and the effect on offset resistance is reduced. When Mw exceeds 30,000, the fixability is affected. The epoxy value is preferably 0.01 to 5 eq / kg. If it is less than 0.01 eq / kg, the reaction is difficult to occur, the amount of high molecular weight components and THF-insoluble components produced is small, and the effect on offset resistance is reduced. On the other hand, when the epoxy value exceeds 5 eq / kg, the reaction is likely to occur, but on the other hand, it has a cross-linked structure with a network structure, and there are many molecular chain breaks in the kneading process, thereby reducing the effect on offset resistance.

  The glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin may be blended at a ratio of 0.01 to 10 mol, preferably 0.05 to 5 mol as a glycidyl group per 1 mol of carboxyl groups in the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin. When the glycidyl group is less than 0.01 mol, the number of glycidyl groups in the styrene-acrylic resin is less than that of the carboxyl group, so that the number of crosslinking points decreases, and even when the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin is blended in the styrene-acrylic resin, It becomes difficult to form a crosslinked structure that is sufficiently effective in offset property. Furthermore, since it becomes impossible to apply a kneading share at the time of melt kneading at the time of toner particle production caused by the crosslinked structure, dispersibility of raw materials such as a release agent, a magnetic material, and a charge control agent in the toner particles is deteriorated, and development is performed. Adversely affects sex. Furthermore, since a residual carboxyl group is present in the styrene-acrylic resin, the carboxyl group causes a negative effect on charge uniformity and charge durability stability. On the other hand, if the amount exceeds 10 moles, the crosslinking reaction between the carboxyl group and glycidyl group in the styrene-acrylic resin can provide a crosslinked structure that is effective in offset resistance, but the distance between the crosslinking points is shortened. Since a crosslinked structure having a network structure is formed, the molecular chain is frequently cut in the kneading step, and the effect on the offset resistance is reduced. Further, since the unreacted residual glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin is excessively present, the toner adheres to the developer carrier and the developability is adversely affected.

The following are mentioned as a vinyl monomer copolymerized with a glycidyl group containing monomer. For example, styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-phenylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 3,4-dichlorostyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 2,4 -Dimethylstyrene, pn-butylstyrene, p
Styrene and its derivatives such as -tert-butylstyrene, pn-hexylstyrene, pn-octylstyrene, pn-nonylstyrene, pn-decylstyrene, pn-dodecylstyrene; ethylene, Ethylene unsaturated monoolefins such as propylene, butylene, isobutylene; unsaturated polyenes such as butadiene; vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl bromide, vinyl fluoride; vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, benzoe Vinyl esters such as vinyl acid; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate , Methacrylic acid Α-methyl aliphatic monocarboxylic acid esters such as phenyl, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-acrylate -Acrylic esters such as octyl, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether; vinyl Vinyl ketones such as methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone and methyl isopropenyl ketone; N such as N-vinyl pyrrole, N-vinyl carbazole, N-vinyl indole and N-vinyl pyrrolidone -Vinyl compounds; vinyl naphthalenes; acrylic acid or methacrylic acid derivatives such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide; esters of the above α, β-unsaturated acids, diesters of dibasic acids; Used in two or more. Among these, a combination of monomers that becomes a styrene copolymer or a styrene-acrylic copolymer is preferable.

  In the present invention, a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin and a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin are preferably prepared in advance for the production of the styrene-acrylic resin. And as a means of reaction of a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin and a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin, (1) each resin is mixed in a molten state and a crosslinking reaction is caused by applying heat in a reaction kettle, or ( 2) A cross-linking reaction is caused by hot-melt kneading each resin with a twin screw extruder or the like. However, in order to generate an entangled component having a long distance between cross-linking points, it is preferable to cause a cross-linking reaction by hot melt kneading with a twin screw extruder or the like. Further, at the end of the crosslinking reaction, an entangled component is generated, and therefore, it is preferable to cool slowly. Specifically, after the reaction is completed, the temperature may be decreased at a rate of 1 ° C./min or less, maintained at a constant temperature for several hours, and then lowered to room temperature. By slowly cooling in this way, it is possible to generate components due to entanglement slowly.

  A styrene-acrylic resin is obtained by reacting a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin and a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin as described above.

  In the present invention, the THF-insoluble content C, which is an extraction residue when extracted for 16 hours by Soxhlet extraction using tetrahydrofuran (THF) of styrene-acrylic resin, is preferably 0% by mass to 10% by mass. When the THF-insoluble content C exceeds 10%, the cross-linking reaction proceeds too much and the number of components having a network structure increases. Therefore, the components having strong brittleness increase in the pulverization process at the time of toner production, which affects the pulverizability. Not only that, but also high temperature offset resistance is deteriorated by promoting molecular cutting during kneading. In addition, since the melt viscosity of the resin itself is increased, the dispersibility of the raw materials is lowered in the kneading step, and the durable developability is lowered.

The binder resin of the present invention may contain other resins in addition to the above styrene-acrylic resin. Preferably, a copolymer having an aliphatic conjugated diene compound, which is a diene resin, as a monomer unit may be contained. By including such a relatively long chain and elastic copolymer, it is possible to promote the formation of entanglement during the formation of toner. Further, when incorporated into a network structure, the space volume can be further expanded, and a pseudo-crosslinking component having good elasticity can be formed despite its low molecular weight.

  The content of the diene resin is preferably 0 to 40% by mass (more preferably 5 to 35% by mass) in the binder resin. This is because when the content exceeds 40% by mass, the softening point of the binder resin becomes high, and good fixability cannot be obtained.

  Examples of the monomer of the aliphatic conjugated diene compound constituting the copolymer include 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, and 2-phenyl-1,3. -Butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-ethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 2,4- Hexadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene, 1,3-heptadiene, 2,4-heptadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-he Tadiene, 1,3-octadiene, 2,4-octadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-octadiene, 3,4-diethyl-1,3-octadiene, 1,3-nonadiene, 2,4-nonadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-nonadiene and derivatives thereof may be mentioned. By copolymerizing with the above-exemplified vinyl monomer in one or a combination of two or more, a copolymer having an aliphatic conjugated diene compound as a monomer unit may be used. A polymer can be obtained. Among these, as the vinyl monomer, it is preferable to copolymerize the styrene compound and the conjugated diene compound with a combination of 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, and 1,3-pentadiene.

  Further, the styrene compound / aliphatic conjugated diene compound may be copolymerized at a ratio of 65/35 to 98/2. This is because when the styrene compound is less than 65% by mass, the glass transition temperature of the copolymer is lowered, so that the storage stability is deteriorated. Moreover, when it exceeds 98 mass%, it is because a glass transition temperature becomes high and fixing property deteriorates and is unpreferable.

  Below, the measuring method of the physical property which concerns on this invention is shown.

[Measurement of THF-insoluble matter]
About 1.0 g of the toner sample is weighed (W1 g), placed in a cylindrical filter paper (for example, No. 86R size 28 × 100 mm, manufactured by Toyo Filter Paper Co., Ltd.), passed through a Soxhlet extractor, and THF 2 as a solvent.
Extract with 100 ml for 16 hours. At this time, the extraction is performed at a reflux rate such that the solvent extraction cycle is about once every 4 to 5 minutes. After the extraction is completed, the cylindrical filter paper is taken out and vacuum-dried at 40 ° C. for 8 hours, and the extraction residue is weighed (W2 g). Next, the weight of incinerated residual ash in the toner is determined (W3 g). The incineration residual ash content is obtained by the following procedure. About 2 g of a sample is placed in a 30 ml magnetic crucible that has been precisely weighed in advance, and weighed accurately, and the mass (Wag) of the sample is precisely weighed. The crucible is put in an electric furnace, heated at about 900 ° C. for about 3 hours, allowed to cool in the electric furnace, and allowed to cool in a desiccator for 1 hour or more at room temperature, and the mass of the crucible is precisely weighed. The incineration residual ash content (Wbg) is obtained from here.

上記式（１）の含有率から試料Ｗ１ｇ中の焼却残灰分の質量（Ｗ３ｇ）は、
（Ｗｂ／Ｗａ）×Ｗ１で表される。
ＴＨＦ不溶分Ａは下記式（２）から求められる。

From the content of the above formula (1), the mass (W3g) of the incinerated residual ash in the sample W1g is:
It is represented by (Wb / Wa) × W1.
The THF insoluble content A is determined from the following formula (2).

本発明においては、トナーの質量から焼却残灰分の質量を差し引くことによって、トナー中に含有される結着樹脂の質量を基準とした各成分量を求めている。
尚、結着樹脂に含有されるスチレン−アクリル樹脂を試料とする場合のＴＨＦ不溶分Ｃの測定は、スチレン−アクリル樹脂の所定量（Ｗ１ｇ）を秤量し、上記と同じ工程で抽出残分（Ｗ２ｇ）を求め、下記式（３）より求められる。

In the present invention, the amount of each component based on the mass of the binder resin contained in the toner is obtained by subtracting the mass of the incineration residual ash from the mass of the toner.
In addition, the measurement of the THF-insoluble matter C when using the styrene-acrylic resin contained in the binder resin as a sample, weighed a predetermined amount (W1 g) of styrene-acrylic resin, and extracted residue ( W2g) is obtained and is obtained from the following formula (3).

[Measurement of TOL insoluble matter]
Measurement of the amount of insoluble matter by TOL re-extraction of THF-insoluble matter A is obtained by performing Soxhlet extraction again with 200 ml of TOL for 16 hours on a cylindrical filter paper whose extraction residue (W2 g) has been obtained. At this time, the extraction is performed at a reflux rate such that the solvent extraction cycle is about once every 4 to 5 minutes. After the extraction is completed, the cylindrical filter paper is taken out and vacuum-dried at 40 ° C. for 8 hours, and the TOL extraction residue is weighed (W4 g).
The TOL insoluble component B is obtained from the following formula (4).

[Measurement of molecular weight distribution by GPC]
The column is stabilized in a heat chamber at 40 ° C., THF is flowed through the column at this temperature as a solvent at a flow rate of 1 ml / min, and about 100 μl of the THF sample solution is injected and measured. In measuring the molecular weight of a sample, the molecular weight distribution of the sample is calculated from the relationship between the logarithmic value of a calibration curve prepared from several types of monodisperse polystyrene standard samples and the count value. As a standard polystyrene sample for preparing a calibration curve, for example, a standard polystyrene sample having a molecular weight of about 10 ² to 10 ⁷ manufactured by Tosoh Corporation or Showa Denko KK is suitably used. The detector uses an RI (refractive index) detector. As the column, it is preferable to combine a plurality of commercially available polystyrene gel columns. For example, a combination of shodex GPC KF-801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 800P manufactured by Showa Denko KK, or manufactured by Tosoh Corporation TSKgel G1000H (H _XL ), G2000
Examples include H (H _XL ), G3000H (H _XL ), G4000H (H _XL ), G5000H (H _XL ), G6000H (H _XL ), G7000H (H _XL ), and TSKgourd column.

The sample is prepared as follows. Place the sample in THF and let stand for several hours, then shake well and mix well with THF (until the sample is no longer united) and let stand for more than 12 hours. At that time, the standing time in THF should be 24 hours or more. After that, a sample processed filter (pore size 0.2 to 0.5 μm, for example, Mysori Disc H-25-2 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) can be used) is used as a GPC sample. The sample concentration is adjusted so that the resin component is 0.5 to 5 mg / ml. In addition, about the THF soluble component obtained by the Soxhlet extraction in this invention, the obtained solution is made into a sample processing filter (pore size 0.2-0.5 micrometer, for example, Mysori disk H-25-2 (made by Tosoh Corporation). The GPC sample was used as a GPC sample, and the TOL soluble component was prepared after the soluble component solution was evaporated.

[Measurement of epoxy value]
Basic operation conforms to JIS K-7236.
1) 0.5-2.0 g of the sample is precisely weighed, and the weight of the resin is W (g).
2) Place the sample in a 300 ml beaker and dissolve in 10 ml chloroform and 20 ml acetic acid.
3) To this solution is added 10 ml of tetraethylammonium bromide acetic acid solution.
4) Using a 0.1 mol / l perchloric acid acetic acid solution, titration is performed using a potentiometric titrator (for example, potentiometric titrator AT-400 (winworkstat, manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Co., Ltd.)
ion) and automatic titration performed using an ABP-410 electric burette. ). 5) The amount of perchloric acid acetic acid solution used at this time is Sml, and a blank is measured at the same time. The amount of perchloric acid acetic acid solution used at this time is Bml.
6) The epoxy value is calculated by the following formula (5). f is a factor of the perchloric acid acetic acid solution.

[Measurement of acid value]
Basic operation conforms to JIS K-0070.
1) The resin pulverized product 0.5 to 2.0 (g) is precisely weighed to obtain the weight W (g) of the binder resin.
2) A sample is put into a 300 (ml) beaker, and a mixed solution 150 (ml) of toluene / ethanol (4/1) is added and dissolved.
3) Using a 0.1N KOH methanol solution, titration is performed using a potentiometric titrator (for example, potentiometric titrator AT-400 manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Co., Ltd. (winworkstat)
ion) and automatic titration using an ABP-410 electric burette. ).
4) The amount of KOH solution used at this time is S (ml), and at the same time, a blank is measured, and the amount of KOH solution used at this time is B (ml).
5) The acid value is calculated by the following formula (6). f is a factor of KOH.

In addition, the following polymer may be added to the binder resin used in the toner of the present invention.
For example, homopolymers of styrene such as polystyrene, poly-p-chlorostyrene, and polyvinyltoluene, and substituted products thereof; styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer , Styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene-α-chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl Styrenic copolymers such as ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer; polyvinyl chloride, phenol resin, natural modified phenol resin, natural resin modified maleic acid resin, Acrylic resin, Acrylic resins, polyvinyl acetate, silicone resins, polyester resins, polyurethane, polyamide resins, furan resins, epoxy resins, xylene resins, polyvinyl butyral, terpene resin, coumarone-indene resins, and petroleum resins.

  The toner used in the present invention may contain a charge control agent in order to maintain positive chargeability or negative chargeability. There are the following substances as charge control agents for controlling the toner to be positively charged. For example, modified products such as nigrosine and fatty acid metal salts; quaternary ammonium salts such as tributylbenzylammonium-1-hydroxy-4-naphthosulfonate, tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, and analogs of phosphonium salts thereof. Onium salts and lake pigments thereof; triphenylmethane dyes and lake pigments thereof (as rake agents, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungsten molybdic acid, tannic acid, lauric acid, gallic acid, ferricyanide) Metal salts of higher fatty acids; diorganotin oxides such as dibutyl tin oxide, dioctyl tin oxide, dicyclohexyl tin oxide; dibutyl tin borate, dioctyl tin borate, dicyclohexane Such diorgano tin borate such Rusuzuboreto; guanidine compounds, imidazole compounds. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, triphenylmethane compounds, imidazole compounds, and quaternary ammonium salts whose counter ions are not halogen are preferably used. Further, there are the following substances as charge control agents for controlling the toner to be negatively charged. For example, organometallic complexes and chelate compounds are effective, and there are monoazo metal complexes, acetylacetone metal complexes, aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid metal complexes, and aromatic dicarboxylic acid metal complexes. Others include aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, aromatic monocarboxylic acids and aromatic polycarboxylic acids and their metal salts, anhydrides, esters, and phenol derivatives such as bisphenols.

  As a method of adding a charge control agent to the toner, there are a method of adding it inside the toner and a method of adding it externally. The amount of these charge control agents used is determined by the toner production method including the type of binder resin, the presence or absence of other additives, and the dispersion method, and is not uniquely determined. It is used in the range of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

  In the present invention, the following waxes may be contained in order to give the toner releasability. The melting point is 70 to 165 ° C., and the melt viscosity at 160 ° C. is 1000 mPa · s or less. Specific examples thereof include paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, montan wax, ethylene, propylene, butene, petrol. Homopolymers of linear α-olefins such as N-ten, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, and decene, branched α-olefins having a branched portion at the end, and olefins having different positions of these unsaturated groups Or these copolymers are mentioned. In addition, alcohol wax, fatty acid wax, ester wax, and natural wax are also used. Furthermore, it may be a block copolymer with a vinyl monomer, a modified wax subjected to graft modification or the like, or an oxidized wax subjected to oxidation treatment.

  These waxes can be added and mixed in advance in the polymer component when the toner is produced. In that case, it is preferable to preliminarily dissolve the wax and the high molecular weight polymer in a solvent when preparing the polymer component, and then mix with the low molecular weight polymer solution. Thereby, phase separation in the microscopic region is relaxed, reaggregation of the high molecular weight component is controlled, and a good dispersion state with the low molecular weight polymer can be obtained.

  Moreover, it is preferable that it is 0.1-20 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of binder resin, and, as for the addition amount of the said wax, it is more preferable in it being 1-10 mass parts. Two or more kinds of waxes may be used in combination.

The toner to which these waxes are added preferably has a maximum endothermic peak in the region of 60 to 120 ° C. in the endothermic curve measured by the differential thermal analysis (DSC) of the toner.

When having the maximum peak in these ranges, the fixability and offset resistance are good. When the temperature is lower than 60 ° C., the preservability of the toner itself decreases due to the plasticizing effect of the wax. When it exceeds 120 ° C., the fixing property is lowered. Here, the maximum endothermic peak can be obtained as follows.
In the present invention, for DSC measurement using a differential scanning calorimeter of wax or toner, for example, DSC-7 manufactured by Perkin Elmer or DSC 2920 manufactured by TA Instruments Japan can be used. The measurement method is performed according to ASTM D3418-82. The DSC curve used in the present invention is a DSC curve measured when the temperature is raised after raising the temperature once, taking the previous history, then lowering the temperature in the range of 10 ° C./min, and the temperature of 0 to 200 ° C. Is used.

  The colorant that can be used in the toner of the present invention includes any appropriate pigment or dye. Examples of the pigment include carbon black, aniline black, acetylene black, naphthol yellow, hansa yellow, rhodamine lake, alizarin lake, bengara, phthalocyanine blue, and indanthrene blue. These are used in an amount necessary for maintaining the optical density of the fixed image, and the added amount is 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. good. For the same purpose, further dyes are used. For example, there are azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, xanthene dyes, and methine dyes, and the addition amount is 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. Is good.

  In the toner of the present invention, magnetic iron oxide can be used as a colorant, and can be used as a magnetic toner.

  The number average particle size of the magnetic iron oxide is preferably 0.05 to 1.0 μm, more preferably 0.1 to 0.6 μm. In addition, the magnetic iron oxide used in the present invention desirably has an octahedral shape or a binuclear shape because of its dispersibility in the toner. The amount of magnetic iron oxide particles to be contained in the present invention is preferably 20 to 200 parts by mass, preferably 20 to 170 parts by mass, and more preferably 30 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

In the toner of the present invention, it is preferable to add silica fine powder in order to improve charging stability, developability, fluidity and durability.
Fine silica powder used in the present invention has a specific surface area by the BET method by nitrogen adsorption 30 m ² / g or more, particularly in the range of 50 to 400 m ² / g give good results. The silica fine powder is used in an amount of 0.01 to 8 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the toner. In addition, the silica fine powder used in the present invention has a silicone varnish, various modified silicone varnishes, silicone oil, various modified silicone oils, a silane coupling agent, and a functional group as necessary for the purpose of hydrophobization and chargeability control. It may be treated with a treating agent such as a silane compound, other organosilicon compounds, or a combination of various treating agents.

Other external additives may be added to the toner of the present invention as necessary. Examples thereof include resin fine particles and inorganic fine particles that function as a charging aid, a conductivity imparting agent, a fluidity imparting agent, an anti-caking agent, a release agent at the time of fixing with a heat roller, a lubricant, an abrasive, and the like. Examples of the lubricant include polyvinyl fluoride powder, zinc stearate powder, polyvinylidene fluoride powder, and the like. Among these, polyvinylidene fluoride powder is preferable. Examples of the abrasive include cerium oxide powder, silicon carbide powder, and strontium titanate powder. Of these, strontium titanate powder is preferable. Examples of the fluidity-imparting agent include titanium oxide powder and aluminum oxide powder, and among them, a hydrophobic one is preferable. As the conductivity imparting agent, carbon black powder,
Examples thereof include zinc oxide powder, antimony oxide powder, and tin oxide powder. Furthermore, a small amount of white and black fine particles having opposite polarity can be used as a developing improver.

  In order to produce the toner of the present invention, binder resin, colorant, other additives, etc. are sufficiently mixed by a mixer such as a Henschel mixer or a ball mill and then heat kneaded such as a heating roll, a kneader or an extruder. The toner of the present invention can be obtained by melt-kneading using a machine, performing pulverization and classification after cooling and solidification, and further sufficiently mixing a desired additive with a mixer such as a Henschel mixer if necessary.

In the present invention, in order to effectively generate entangled components, it is important to control the toner residence time in the toner kneading step and to control the temperature of the resin during kneading. A preferred range for the temperature of the resin during kneading is 130 ° C to 170 ° C. When the temperature is lower than 130 ° C., the share during kneading increases and cutting proceeds as compared with entanglement. On the other hand, when the temperature is higher than 170 ° C., the crosslinking reaction proceeds too much, and a component having a network structure is likely to be generated.
Further, in order to effectively produce the entangled components in the present invention, it is preferable to knead by opening the vent port at the upper part of the kneading zone of the kneader in the toner kneading step. By kneading by opening the vent port at the top of the kneading zone, it is possible to apply a kneading share in an air atmosphere instead of a pressurized state at the time of toner production, and the distance between cross-linking points by kneading while containing air It is easy to generate a component having a wide entangled structure.

  For example, as a mixer, Henschel mixer (made by Mitsui Mining); Super mixer (made by Kawata); Ribocorn (made by Okawara Seisakusho); Nauter mixer, turbulizer, cyclomix (made by Hosokawa Micron); 1 (manufactured by Taiheiyo Kiko Co., Ltd.); Laedige mixer (manufactured by Matsubo Co., Ltd.), and as a kneader, KRC kneader (manufactured by Kurimoto Iron Works Co., Ltd.); Machine (manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.); TEX twin-screw kneader (manufactured by Nippon Steel Works); PCM kneader (manufactured by Ikekai Iron Works Co., Ltd.); three roll mill, mixing roll mill, kneader (manufactured by Inoue Seisakusho Co., Ltd.); MS type pressure kneader, Nider Ruder (Moriyama Seisakusho); Banbury mixer (Kobe Steel Works) As a pulverizer, a counter jet mill, a micron jet, an inomizer (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron); an IDS type mill, a PJM jet pulverizer (manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Industry); a cross jet mill (manufactured by Kurimoto Iron Works); ULMAX (manufactured by Nisso Engineering Co., Ltd.); SK Jet O-Mill (manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.); Kryptron (manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.); Turbo Mill (manufactured by Turboe Industries Co., Ltd.); Examples of classifiers include: class seal, micron classifier, specick classifier (manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.); turbo classifier (manufactured by Nissin Engineering Co., Ltd.); micron separator, turboplex (ATP), TSP separator (Hosokawa Micron) (Made by company) Elbow Jet (manufactured by Nippon Steel & Mining Co., Ltd.), Dispersion Separator (manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Engineering Co., Ltd.); YM Micro Cut (manufactured by Yaskawa Shoji Co., Ltd.) can be mentioned. Ultrasonic (manufactured by Sakae Sangyo Co., Ltd.); Resonator Sheave, Gyroshifter (Tokusu Kosakusha Co., Ltd.); Vibrasonic System (manufactured by Dalton Co.); Soniclean (manufactured by Shinto Kogyo Co., Ltd.); Micro shifter (manufactured by Hadano Sangyo Co., Ltd.), circular vibrating sieve, etc.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples. In addition, the number of parts in an Example is a mass part.
First, a styrene-acrylic resin according to the present invention was manufactured through the following steps.

<Example of production of high molecular weight resin component (A-1)>
300 parts by mass of xylene was put into a four-necked flask, and the inside of the container was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen while stirring, and then heated to reflux.
Under this reflux, first, 80 parts by mass of styrene, 16 parts by mass of acrylate-n-butyl and 2,2-bis (4,4-di-tert-butylperoxycyclohexyl) propane (also referred to as “initiator 1”). , Half-life 10 hours, temperature; 92 ° C.) 0.8 parts by mass of the mixed solution is added dropwise over 4 hours. When these mixed liquids are dropped for 2 hours, a mixed liquid of 4 parts by weight of methacrylic acid and 20.2 parts by weight of initiator 1 is dropped over 2 hours. After all was dropped, the polymerization was completed by maintaining for 2 hours to obtain a high molecular weight resin component (A-1) solution. Thus, after polymerizing resin having no acid value as a block in advance, it is possible to produce a high molecular weight resin component having a long distance between cross-linking points by dropping and polymerizing an acid monomer.

<Manufacture of high molecular weight resin component (A-2)>
In the same manner as in the production example of the high molecular weight resin component (A-1), 75 parts by mass of styrene, 18 parts by mass of acrylic acid-n-butyl, 7 parts by mass of methacrylic acid, and 1 part by mass of initiator 1 were used. (A-2) A solution was obtained.

<Manufacture of high molecular weight resin component (A-3)>
In the same manner as in the production example of the high molecular weight resin component (A-1), 72 parts by mass of styrene, 23 parts by mass of acrylic acid-n-butyl, 5 parts by mass of methacrylic acid, and 1 part by mass of initiator 1 were used. (A-3) A solution was obtained.

<Manufacture of high molecular weight resin component (A-4)>
In the same manner as in the production example of the high molecular weight resin component (A-1), 70 parts by mass of styrene, 27 parts by mass of acrylic acid-n-butyl, 3 parts by mass of methacrylic acid, and 1 part by mass of initiator 1 were used. (A-4) A solution was obtained.

<Manufacture of high molecular weight resin component (A-5)>
After adding 180 parts by mass of debasic water and 20 parts by mass of a 2% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol into a four-necked flask, 70 parts by mass of styrene, 25 parts by mass of acrylic acid-n-butyl, 5 parts by mass of monobutyl maleate, A mixed liquid of 0.005 parts by mass of divinylbenzene and 0.1 parts by mass of initiator 1 was added and stirred to obtain a suspension. After sufficiently replacing the inside of the flask with nitrogen, the temperature was raised to 85 ° C. to initiate polymerization. After maintaining at the same temperature for 24 hours, 0.1 part by mass of benzoyl peroxide (half-life 10 hours, temperature; 72 ° C.) was added. Furthermore, the polymerization was completed by maintaining for 12 hours. Thereafter, the high molecular weight polymer was separated by filtration, washed with water and dried to obtain a high molecular weight resin component (A-5).

<Production of low molecular weight resin component (B-1)>
Into a four-necked flask, 300 parts by mass of xylene is charged, and the inside of the container is sufficiently replaced with nitrogen while stirring, and then heated to reflux. After this reflux, a mixture of 75 parts by mass of styrene, 25 parts by mass of acrylate-n-butyl and 2 parts by mass of di-tert-butyl peroxide (also referred to as “initiator 2”) was added dropwise over 4 hours. The polymerization was completed by maintaining for 2 hours to obtain a low molecular weight resin solution (B-1).

<Production of low molecular weight resin component (B-2)>
Polymerization is carried out in the same manner as in the production example of the low molecular weight resin component B-1 using 78 parts by mass of styrene, 22 parts by mass of acrylic acid-n-butyl, and 2.5 parts by mass of the initiator 2, and the low molecular weight resin component solution B- 2 was obtained.

<Production of low molecular weight resin component (B-3)>
Polymerization is performed in the same manner as in the production example of the low molecular weight resin component B-1 using 80 parts by mass of styrene, 20 parts by mass of acrylic acid-n-butyl, and 2 parts by mass of the initiator 2, and the low molecular weight resin component solution B-3 is obtained. Obtained.

<Production example of glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (D-1)>
300 parts by mass of xylene was put into a four-necked flask, and the inside of the container was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen while stirring, and then heated to reflux.
Under this reflux, a mixed solution of 80 parts by mass of styrene, 18 parts by mass of acrylate-n-butyl and 1.8 parts by mass of di-tert-butyl peroxide (initiator 2) was added dropwise over 4 hours. When these mixed liquids are dropped for 2 hours, a mixed liquid of 2 parts by weight of glycidyl methacrylate and 0.2 parts by weight of initiator 2 is dropped over 2 hours. After all was added dropwise, the polymerization was completed by maintaining for 2 hours, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. In this way, a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (D-1) was obtained. The results of the weight average molecular weight and epoxy value are shown in Table 1. Thus, after polymerizing a resin having no acid value as a block in advance, a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin having a long distance between cross-linking points can be produced by dropping and polymerizing a glycidyl group-containing monomer.

<Production of glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (D-2)>
Similarly to the production example of the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (D-1), 75 parts by mass of styrene, 15 parts by mass of acrylate-n-butyl, 10 parts by mass of glycidyl methacrylate, and 3 parts by mass of initiator 2 were used to form a glycidyl group. A vinyl resin (D-2) was obtained. The results of the weight average molecular weight and epoxy value are shown in Table 1.

<Production of styrene-acrylic resin (C-1)>
In a four-necked flask, 200 parts by mass of the xylene solution of the low molecular weight resin component (B-2) (equivalent to 60 parts by mass of the low molecular weight resin component) is added, and the temperature is raised and stirred under reflux. On the other hand, 200 parts by mass of the high molecular weight resin component (A-3) solution (equivalent to 40 parts by mass of the high molecular weight resin component) is charged into another container and refluxed. After the low molecular weight resin component (B-2) solution and the high molecular weight resin component (A-3) solution are mixed under reflux, the organic solvent is distilled off, and the resulting resin is cooled, solidified and then pulverized. After mixing 95 parts by mass of the carboxy group-containing vinyl resin and 5 parts by mass of the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (D-1) obtained by mixing the low molecular weight resin component and the high molecular weight resin component, the biaxial After a crosslinking reaction at 200 ° C. in an extruder, the mixture was cooled at a cooling rate of 1 ° C./min and then pulverized to obtain a styrene-acrylic resin (C-1). The THF insoluble content C of this resin extracted by THF for 16 hours was 0.1% by mass. The peak molecular weight on the polymer side was 230,000, and the peak molecular weight on the low molecular side was 13,000. The results of THF insoluble content C, peak molecular weight, etc. of this resin are shown in Table 2 below.

<Manufacture of styrene-acrylic resin (C-2 to C-7)>
The high molecular weight resin component solutions (A-1 to A-5) and the low molecular weight resin component solutions (B-1 to B-3) are combined as shown in Table 2, and further a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (D-1, or In the same manner as in the production example of styrene-acrylic resin (C-1) at the crosslinking reaction temperature and cooling rate shown in Table 2 in combination as shown in Table 2, 7) was obtained. Table 2 shows the results such as THF insoluble content C and peak molecular weight of this resin. In Table 2, C / G represents a blending ratio of carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin / glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin.

[Example 1]
The following materials were premixed with a Henschel mixer and then melt-kneaded with a biaxial kneading extruder. At this time, the vent port of the kneading part of the kneader was kept open, and the residence time was controlled so that the temperature of the kneaded resin was 150 ° C.

Styrene-acrylic resin C-1 80 parts by mass Diene resin (styrene-butadiene copolymer) 20 parts by mass (styrene: butadiene = 85: 15 (mass ratio) peak molecular weight = 25000, Mw = 270,000, Mn = 20,000 )
Magnetic iron oxide particles (octahedron, number average particle size = 0.21 μm) 90 parts by mass Wax a 4 parts by mass Wax b 2 parts by mass Charge control agent A (triphenylmethane lake pigment) 2 parts by mass (in the above materials) The symbols described in the wax correspond to those in Table 3 below (the same treatment applies in the following Examples), and the charge control agent A is represented by the following structural formula (A). )

The obtained kneaded product is cooled, coarsely pulverized with a hammer mill, then pulverized with a fine pulverizer using a jet stream, and the resulting finely pulverized powder is classified using a multi-division classifier utilizing the Coanda effect. Thus, toner particles having a weight average particle diameter of 7.5 μm were obtained. Hydrophobic silica fine powder (100 parts by mass of toner particles treated with 17 parts of amino-modified silicone oil (amino equivalent = 830, viscosity at 25 ° C. = 70 mm ² / s) with respect to 100 parts of silica matrix, BET (Specific surface area = 140 m ^{2 /} g) 0.8 parts by mass and 3.0 parts by mass of strontium titanate were externally added and mixed, and sieved with a mesh having an aperture of 150 μm. 1 was obtained. Table 4 shows the toner internal formulation and physical property values.

[Evaluation methods]
This toner No. 1 was modified from a commercially available copier (IR-105 Canon) to 1.5 times the printing speed, 23 ° C, 5% RH environment, 23 ° C, 60% RH environment, 32 ° C, 80% RH. In this environment, a continuous print test of 200,000 sheets was performed using a test chart with a printing ratio of 4%. Further, the IR105 fixing device (heat roller fixing device) using the heat roll fixing device is taken out and operates outside the copying machine, and the fixing roller temperature, process speed and pressure can be arbitrarily set. Using the external fixing device modified as described above, the fixing property, the offset resistance and the OHT fixing property were evaluated (Evaluation A). Further, a fixing device of a commercially available LBP printer (Laser Jet 4300, manufactured by HP) that uses a fixing device including a pressure member that causes the recording material to adhere to the heating body through a film is taken out to the outside. Operates outside, allows the fixing film temperature to be set arbitrarily, and replaces an external fixing device (low power consumption fixing device) modified so that the process speed is 350 mm / sec. Sexuality was evaluated (Evaluation B). The results are shown in Tables 5-8. In addition, the specific method of evaluation is shown below.

In the fixability evaluation A, 90 g / m ² paper was used under the conditions of a process speed of 600 mm / sec and a pressing force of 30 kgf / cm ² , and two types of unfixed images of solid black and halftone were adjusted to 150 ° C. The paper was passed through the fixing device thus obtained to obtain a fixed image. Then, a load of 50 g / cm ² was applied to the obtained image, the fixed image was rubbed with sylbon paper, and the reduction rate (%) of the image density before and after rubbing was evaluated. The evaluation results are classified as follows.

A: 10% or less
B: Over 10%, 20% or less
C: Over 20% In Evaluation B, 75 g / m ² paper was used, and two types of unfixed images of solid black and halftone were passed through a fixing device adjusted to 150 ° C. to obtain a fixed image. , Evaluated in the same way.

In OHT fixability evaluation A, 90 g / m ² paper was used under the conditions of a process speed of 600 mm / sec and an applied pressure of 30 kgf / cm ^2. Paper was obtained to obtain a fixed image. Then, a load of 50 g / cm ² was applied to the obtained image, the fixed image was rubbed with sylbon paper, and the reduction rate (%) of the image density before and after rubbing was evaluated. The evaluation results are classified as follows.

A: 10% or less
B: Over 10%, 20% or less
C: More than 20% In evaluation B, 75 g / m ² paper was used, and a solid black unfixed image was passed through a fixing device adjusted to 180 ° C. to obtain a fixed image, which was similarly evaluated.

In the offset resistance evaluation A, the process speed is 50 mm / sec and the applied pressure is 50 kgf / cm ^2.
A fixed image was obtained by passing an unfixed image having an image area ratio of about 5% through a fixing device adjusted to a temperature of 240 ° C. using 50 g / m ² paper under the conditions described above, and evaluated according to the following classification.

A: Good
B: Slightly dirty
C: Occurrence of stains affecting the image In evaluation B, 50 g / m ² paper was used and a solid black unfixed image was passed through a fixing device adjusted to 240 ° C. to obtain a fixed image. evaluated.

Image evaluation The image density was measured with a Macbeth densitometer (Macbeth Co., Ltd.) using an SPI filter and a reflection density measurement to measure a 5 mm square image. The fog is measured using a reflection densitometer (reflectometer model TC-6DS manufactured by Tokyo Denshoku Co., Ltd.). The worst value of the white background reflection density after image formation is Ds, and the reflection average density of the transfer material before image formation is Dr. The fog was evaluated using Ds-Dr as the fog amount. A smaller number indicates better fog suppression. The dot reproducibility is evaluated by forming an image of 100 isolated dots and expressing how many dots out of 100 can be represented. The higher the number of dots reproduced, the higher the image quality. These evaluations were initially performed at 200,000 sheets.

[ Example 2 and Reference Examples 3 to 6 ]
By controlling the residence time at the time of kneading so as to achieve the resin temperature shown in Table 4 in the same manner as in Example 1 with the formulation shown in Table 4, toner No. 2-6 were created. The physical property values thus obtained are shown in Table 4, and the evaluation results obtained by testing in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Tables 5 to 8.

[Comparative Examples 1-3]
By controlling the residence time at the time of kneading while the vent port of the kneading part is closed so that the resin temperature shown in Table 4 is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 with the formulation shown in Table 4, toner No. 10-12 were created. The physical property values thus obtained are shown in Table 4, and the evaluation results obtained by testing in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Tables 5 to 8.

[Example 7]
The following materials were premixed with a Henschel mixer and then melt-kneaded with a biaxial kneading extruder. At this time, the vent port of the kneading part of the kneader was kept open, and the residence time was controlled so that the temperature of the kneaded resin was 150 ° C.

Styrene-acrylic resin C-1 80 parts by mass Diene resin (styrene-butadiene copolymer) 20 parts by mass (styrene: butadiene = 85: 15 (mass ratio) peak molecular weight = 25000, Mw = 270,000, Mn = 20,000 )
Magnetic iron oxide particles (binuclear shape, number average particle size = 0.21 μm) 95 parts by mass Wax a 4 parts by mass Wax b 2 parts by mass Charge control agent B (azo-based iron complex) 2 parts by mass (in the above materials, charge control Agent B is represented by the following structural formula (B).)

The obtained kneaded product is cooled, coarsely pulverized with a hammer mill, then pulverized with a fine pulverizer using a jet stream, and the resulting finely pulverized powder is classified using a multi-division classifier utilizing the Coanda effect. Thus, toner particles having a weight average particle diameter of 6.5 μm were obtained. 1. Hydrophobic silica fine powder having a methanol wettability of 80% and a BET specific surface area of 120 m ² / g obtained by hydrophobizing with 15% by mass of hexamethyldisilazane and 15% by mass of dimethyl silicone with respect to 100 parts by mass of toner particles.
2 parts by mass and 1.0 part by mass of strontium titanate were externally mixed and sieved with a mesh having an opening of 150 μm. 7 was obtained. Table 4 shows the toner internal formulation and physical property values.

Using this toner 7, the fixability, the offset resistance and the OHT fixability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
Also, a commercially available LBP printer (Laser Jet 4300, manufactured by HP) was remodeled to 1.5 times the printing speed, and the environment was 15 ° C, 10% RH, 23 ° C, 60% RH, 32 ° C, 80%. Using a test chart with a printing ratio of 4% in an RH environment, 10,000 continuous print tests were performed, and image evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 at the initial 10,000 sheets. The results are shown in Tables 9-12.

[ Reference Example 8]
By controlling the residence time at the time of kneading so as to achieve the resin temperature shown in Table 4 in the same manner as in Example 7 with the formulation shown in Table 4, toner No. 8 was created. The physical property values thus obtained are shown in Table 4, and the results of the same tests as in Example 7 are shown in Tables 9-12.

[Comparative Examples 4 to 5]
By controlling the residence time at the time of kneading while the vent port of the kneading part was closed so that the resin temperature shown in Table 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 with the formulation shown in Table 4, the toner No. 13 and 14 were created. The physical property values thus obtained are shown in Table 4, and the results of the same tests as in Example 7 are shown in Tables 9-12.

[Example 9]
The following materials were premixed with a Henschel mixer and then melt-kneaded with a biaxial kneading extruder. At this time, the vent port of the kneading part of the kneader was opened, and the residence time was controlled so that the temperature of the kneaded resin was 160 ° C.

Styrene-acrylic resin C-4 80 parts by mass Diene resin (styrene-butadiene copolymer) 20 parts by mass (styrene: butadiene = 85: 15 (mass ratio) peak molecular weight 25000, Mw: 270,000, Mn: 20,000)
Carbon black 5 parts by mass Wax b 4 parts by mass Charge control agent C (aluminum salicylate compound) 2 parts by mass (In the above materials, the charge control agent C is represented by the following structural formula (C).)

The obtained kneaded product is cooled, coarsely pulverized with a hammer mill, then pulverized with a fine pulverizer using a jet stream, and the resulting finely pulverized powder is classified using a multi-division classifier utilizing the Coanda effect. Thus, toner particles having a weight average particle diameter of 6.5 μm were obtained. Hydrophobic silica fine powder (methanol wettability 80%, BET specific surface area 120 m ² / g) hydrophobized with 15% by mass of hexamethyldisilazane and 15% by mass of dimethyl silicone with respect to 100 parts by mass of toner particles is 1.2. Part No. 2 and 0.2 part by mass of titanium oxide fine particles having a primary particle diameter of 50 nm surface-treated with isobutyltrimethoxysilane were externally added and sieved with a mesh having a mesh size of 150 μm. 9 was obtained. Table 4 shows the toner internal formulation and physical property values.

  This toner No. 9 was remodeled with a commercially available LBP printer (LBP-2510, manufactured by Canon Inc.) at a printing speed of 1.5 times, 15 ° C., 10% RH environment, 23 ° C., 60% RH environment, 32 ° C., 80 Using a test chart with a printing ratio of 4% in an environment of% RH, 3000 continuous print tests were performed, and image evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 at the initial 3000 sheets. The results are shown in Tables 13-15.

[Comparative Example 6]
By controlling the residence time at the time of kneading while the vent port of the kneading part is closed so that the resin temperature shown in Table 4 is obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 with the formulation shown in Table 4, toner No. 15 was created. The physical property values thus obtained are shown in Table 4, and the results of the same tests as in Example 9 are shown in Tables 13-15.

Claims (1)

In a toner having toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a colorant,
The toner particles are produced by melt-kneading at least a styrene-acrylic resin and a colorant, cooling and solidifying, pulverizing, and classifying.
The styrene-acrylic resin was obtained by reacting a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin and a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin, and the styrene-acrylic resin was extracted for 16 hours by Soxhlet extraction using tetrahydrofuran (THF). The THF-insoluble matter C, which is an extraction residue, is 0% by mass to 10% by mass,
(I) The binder resin in the toner contains 60% by mass or more of the styrene-acrylic resin,
(Ii) The binder resin has a THF-insoluble content A which is an extraction residue when extracted in a toner by Soxhlet extraction with tetrahydrofuran (THF) for 16 hours. It is contained in an amount of 20 to 50% by mass based on the arrival resin,
(Iii) The THF-insoluble matter A has a TOL-insoluble matter B that is an extraction residue when extracted for 16 hours by Soxhlet extraction using toluene (TOL).
(Iv) the mass ratio of the THF-insoluble matter A and TOL-insoluble matter B is Ri 0.15 ≦ B / A ≦ 0.35 der,
The THF soluble content of the binder resin in the toner has a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) having at least one peak in the region of molecular weight 3000 to 30000, and a molecular weight of 100,000 or less. The area is 70-100% of the total area,
The TOL-soluble component obtained by extraction of the THF-insoluble component A with TOL is dissolved in THF, and the molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is at least 1 in the region of molecular weight 3000 to 30000. One of which has a peak, toner, wherein 60% to 90% der Rukoto relative molecular weight of 100,000 or less area total area in the GPC chart.