JP4754210B2 - Plant vitality agent - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant vitality agent. Here, hereinafter, the “plant” represents a plant, fruit, fruit tree, cereal, seed, bulb, flower, herb (herb), taxonomic plant, etc. that can be recognized from the word of the plant itself. .

  Various nutritional elements are necessary for plants to grow, but it is known that if some of these elements are deficient, plant growth will be hindered. For example, as the three major elements of fertilizer, nitrogen is a component element of protein. Phosphorus plays an important role not only in the constituent elements of nucleic acids and phospholipids, but also in energy metabolism and synthesis and decomposition reactions of substances. Has physiological effects of substance metabolism and mass transfer. The lack of these major components generally leads to poor plant growth. Calcium is an important component of plant bodies and cells, and also plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the metabolic system, presenting calcium deficiency symptoms and causing physiological disorders. In addition, various nutrients are necessary for plants such as Mg, Fe, S, B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cl, Si, and Na.

  These nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are fertilized in the form of original fertilizer and additional fertilizer, or liquid fertilizer is diluted and applied by soil irrigation or foliar application. These fertilizers are indispensable for plant growth, but even if given in a certain concentration or higher, they cannot contribute further to the improvement of plant growth and yield.

  However, promoting the growth of crops and increasing the yield by increasing the yield per unit area is an important issue in agricultural production, and various plant growth regulators necessary for this purpose have been developed and used. Plant growth regulators typified by gibberellins and auxins are used to control germination, rooting, elongation, flowering, fruit growth, and morphogenic reactions. And complex and has limited applications.

In order to solve such problems, foliar spraying using oligosaccharides (Patent Document 1) or liquid fertilizer containing sugar, minerals, amino acids, seaweed extract or microbial fermentation extract is foliar sprayed. Techniques such as solution fertilization are known. Further, in Patent Document 2, a plant vital agent composed of a monohydric alcohol having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, in Patent Document 3, a plant vital agent composed of a specific carboxylic acid or an ester thereof, and in Patent Document 4, A plant vital agent comprising a specific glycerin derivative is disclosed.
JP-A-9-322647 JP 2000-198703 A JP 2001-316205 A JP 2001-316207 A

  As a result of applying a large amount of fertilizer to the soil for the purpose of increasing crop yields, various elements in the soil become excessive, the balance of absorption becomes worse, plant growth stagnation, etc. There are problems that cannot be achieved or quality such as sugar content (Brix. Value) does not increase. In addition, because the roots have limited nutrient absorption, there is an attempt to spray an aqueous solution or suspension of the required fertilizer element directly and absorb it from the leaf surface or fruit. However, there is a problem in terms of absorption efficiency, and spraying an excessive amount of fertilizer component conversely stresses plants and causes phytotoxicity.

  Under such circumstances, there is a demand for a plant vital agent that does not cause phytotoxicity to plants, has no limitation of use, and exhibits an excellent plant growth enhancing effect.

  The present invention relates to a plant vitality agent containing a compound represented by the following general formula (a).

[Wherein, R ¹ represents a linear or branched alkyl group or alkoxy group having a total carbon number of 20 or less, which may have one or more substituents, or a hydroxyl group, and R ² represents hydrogen. An atom or a hydroxyl group is shown. ]

  Moreover, this invention is a plant on the conditions which (a) component becomes 0.1 (mg / 1 plant body) or more for the application liquid which contains 1-10000 ppm of the plant vitality agent of the said invention as (a) component density | concentration. It is related with the cultivation method of a plant applied to.

  The plant vitality agent of the present invention has no phytotoxicity to plants when treated at an appropriate concentration, and can be used for various crops in order to efficiently improve the vitality of the plant body. Further, according to the present invention, improvement of plant growth such as promotion of plant root survival, increase in weight, increase in SPAD value, increase in leaf area, increase in ascorbic acid concentration in leaf blades, decrease in nitrate concentration in leaf blades, etc. Be looked at. In addition, an increase in the yield of root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fruit vegetables, etc. can be seen.

  In the present invention, a compound represented by the above general formula (a) [hereinafter referred to as the component (a)] is used because it can efficiently give vitality to a plant without phytotoxicity.

  The component (a) is a cyclic carbonate. For example, as described in JP-A No. 2004-168673, a 1,2-diol compound corresponding to the general formula (a) is mixed with a lower carbamic acid ester, It can manufacture by making it react in presence of an acid catalyst.

In the general formula (a), R ¹ may have one or two or more substituents and has a total carbon number of 20 or less, preferably a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, Or a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group, or a hydroxyl group is more preferable, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a hydroxyl group is particularly preferable. R ² is preferably a hydrogen atom.

  Specific examples of the component (a) include glycerin carbonate, mono (isoamyl) glycerin carbonate (cyclic carbonate obtained from mono (isoamyl) glyceryl ether), and mono (2-ethylhexyl) glycerin carbonate (mono (2-ethylhexyl)). Cyclic carbonate obtained from glyceryl ether), monooctyl glycerol carbonate (cyclic carbonate obtained from monooctyl glyceryl ether), monodecyl glycerol carbonate (cyclic carbonate obtained from monodecyl glyceryl ether), mono (isodecyl) glycerol carbonate (mono ( (Isodecyl) cyclic carbonate obtained from glyceryl ether) and the like, and glycerin carbonate is preferred.

  In the present invention, it is preferable to use the following surfactants together with the component (a) for the purpose of emulsifying, dispersing, solubilizing or promoting penetration of the component (a).

  Nonionic surfactants include sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyalkylene fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyalkylene glycerin fatty acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyalkylene polyglycerin fatty acid esters, Examples thereof include sugar fatty acid esters, resin acid esters, polyoxyalkylene resin acid esters, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ethers, alkyl (poly) glycosides, polyoxyalkylene alkyl (poly) glycosides, and the like. Preferably, an ether group-containing nonionic surfactant containing no nitrogen atom and an ester group-containing nonionic surfactant are used.

  Examples of the anionic surfactant include carboxylic acid-based surfactants, sulfonic acid-based surfactants, sulfate ester-based surfactants, and carboxylic acid-based surfactants.

  Examples of the carboxylic acid-based surfactant include fatty acids having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or salts thereof, polyvalent carboxylates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether carboxylates, polyoxyalkylene alkylamide ether carboxylates, rosinates, Dimer acid salt, polymer acid salt, tall oil fatty acid salt and the like can be mentioned.

  Examples of the sulfonic acid surfactant include alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate, diphenyl ether sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate, and naphthalene sulfonic acid condensation. Examples include physical salts.

  Examples of sulfate surfactants include alkyl sulfates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl sulfates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfates, tristyrenated phenol sulfates, polyoxyalkylene distyrenated phenol sulfates. And alkyl polyglycoside sulfate.

  Examples of the phosphate ester surfactant include alkyl phosphate ester salts, alkylphenyl phosphate ester salts, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phosphate ester salts, and polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl phosphate ester salts.

  Examples of the salt include metal salts (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, etc.), ammonium salts, alkanolamine salts, aliphatic amine salts, and the like.

  Examples of amphoteric surfactants include amino acids, betaines, imidazolines, and amine oxides.

  Examples of the amino acid system include acyl amino acid salts, acyl sarcosine salts, acyloylmethylaminopropionates, alkylaminopropionates, acylamidoethylhydroxyethylmethylcarboxylates, and the like.

  Examples of the betaine series include alkyl dimethyl betaine, alkyl hydroxyethyl betaine, acylamidopropyl hydroxypropyl ammonia sulfobetaine, acylamidopropyl hydroxypropyl ammonia sulfobetaine, ricinoleic acid amidopropyl dimethyl carboxymethyl ammonia betaine, and the like.

  Examples of the imidazoline series include alkyl carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium betaine, alkyl ethoxy carboxymethyl imidazolium betaine, and the like.

  Examples of amine oxides include alkyldimethylamine oxide, alkyldiethanolamine oxide, alkylamidopropylamine oxide, and the like.

  The above surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, when these surfactant contains a polyoxyalkylene group, Preferably it has a polyoxyethylene group and the average added mole number is 1-50.

  Surfactants include ester group-containing nonionic surfactants, non-nitrogen-containing ether group-containing nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, carboxylic acid-based anionic surfactants, and phosphate-based anionic surfactants. One or more selected from agents are preferred. In particular, at least one selected from an ester group-containing nonionic surfactant and an ether group-containing nonionic surfactant not containing a nitrogen atom is preferable.

Moreover, the following fertilizer components can be used together with the component (a). Specifically, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cl, Si, Na, etc., especially N, P, K, Ca, Mg And inorganic materials and organic materials. Examples of such inorganic substances include ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, sodium nitrate, urea, ammonium carbonate, potassium phosphate, superphosphate lime, and molten phosphorus fertilizer (3MgO · CaO · P ₂ O ₅ · 3CaSiO _2), potassium sulfate, salts potassium nitrate of lime, slaked lime, lime carbonate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, and the like. Organic substances include chicken dung, beef dung, bark compost, amino acids, peptone, Mieki, fermented extract, calcium salts of organic acids (citric acid, gluconic acid, succinic acid, etc.), fatty acids (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, And calcium salts of caprylic acid, capric acid, caproic acid and the like. These fertilizer components can also be used in combination with a surfactant. It is not necessary to add the fertilizer component when the fertilizer component is sufficiently applied as the original fertilizer in the soil, such as in the open field cultivation of rice and vegetables. Moreover, it is preferable to mix | blend a fertilizer component with the type of cultivation form which avoids excessive application of original fertilizer and gives a fertilizer component in the same way as irrigation like a hydroponics and hydroponics.

  When the plant vitality agent of the present invention is mixed with a chelating agent, specifically, an organic acid or a salt thereof having the following chelating ability, the growth and fertilizer absorption efficiency is further improved. Specifically, citric acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, heptonic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid and other oxycarboxylic acids, polyvalent carboxylic acids And potassium salts, sodium salts, alkanolamine salts, aliphatic amine salts and the like thereof.

  In addition, growth and fertilizer absorption efficiency can be improved by mixing chelating agents other than organic acids. Examples of the chelating agent to be mixed include aminocarboxylic acid chelating agents such as EDTA, NTA, and CDTA.

  In the plant vitality agent of the present invention, the ratio of each component is 10 to 20000 parts by weight, particularly 100 to 2000 parts by weight, particularly 0 to 50000 parts by weight of the fertilizer component, particularly 100 parts by weight of the component (a). 10 to 5000 parts by weight, 0 to 1000 parts by weight of a chelating agent, particularly 10 to 500 parts by weight, and 0 to 5000 parts by weight, particularly 10 to 500 parts by weight, of other nutrient sources (sugars, amino acids, vitamins, etc.) are preferred.

  The form of the plant vitality agent of the present invention containing the above component (a) may be any of liquid, flowable, paste, wettable powder, granule, powder, tablet and the like. 1 to 10,000 ppm, preferably 5 to 5000 ppm of application liquid, for example, an aqueous solution, an aqueous dispersion or an emulsified liquid, is applied to the leaves and roots of plants. Water and / or a solvent can be contained as needed. The total amount of the applied liquid is such that (a) component is 0.1 (mg / 1 plant) or more, further 1 (mg / 1 plant) or more, particularly 5 (mg / 1 plant). It is preferably applied to plants. Further, the application liquid is preferably applied once or more, more preferably 3 times or more, and the total application amount of the component (a) is more preferably divided into a plurality of times, particularly 3 times or more. Moreover, when applying by dividing into multiple times, the application interval is preferably 0.5 to 14 days, and more preferably 1 to 7 days.

  Various means can be used as a method for supplying the plant vitality agent of the present invention to a plant. For example, powder or granules can be applied directly like fertilizers, diluted aqueous solutions can be sprayed directly onto plants such as leaves, stems, fruits, or injected into the soil, hydroponics, rock wool, etc. A method of diluting and supplying to a hydroponic solution or supply water in contact with the roots.

  Examples of plants that can be treated with the plant vital agent of the present invention include cucumbers, pumpkins, watermelons, melons, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, strawberries, okras, green beans, broad beans, peas, green beans, corn, and the like. For leafy vegetables, Chinese cabbage, hornbill, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, onion, leeks, garlic, rakkyo, leek, asparagus, lettuce, saladna, celery, spinach, garlic, parsley, honey bee, seri, udo, myoga , Fuki, perilla etc. Root vegetables include radish, turnip, burdock, carrot, potato, taro, sweet potato, yam, ginger, lotus root and the like. In addition, it can also be used for rice, wheat, and flowering plants.

  Usually, when applying to soil like a powder or a granule like a fertilizer, it is preferable to use the powder or granule in which the said components other than water are contained in the same ratio. This powder or granule may contain an excipient for preventing caking.

  The component (a) of the present invention itself has little phytotoxicity to plants. Moreover, it is presumed that it decomposes gradually in the soil and generates decomposition products with low toxicity to plants such as carbon dioxide gas. It is useful for plant photosynthesis, and also has the advantage of extremely low environmental and plant load after application. Have Therefore, the plant vitality agent of the present invention can be applied over a long period of time. Furthermore, among the component (a), glycerin carbonate has the largest amount of carbon dioxide that can be generated and is presumed to be advantageous for photosynthesis, and is more preferable in terms of imparting vitality to the plant, such as improvement in yield of the target plant.

Example 1 <Tomato seedling test>
Variety: Momotaro Cultivation container: 50 hole cell tray for germination
Cultivation 12 cm (diameter) pot cultivation medium for cultivation: Kureha cultivation condition: In a glass greenhouse with a temperature setting of 23 ° C. Seeded under the above conditions, and transplanted to a pot 2 weeks after germination. The first treatment was performed on the day of pot transplantation. As the plant vital agent, an application liquid prepared by diluting to a predetermined concentration in 100 ml of water was supplied by irrigation treatment, and this treatment was performed at the number of times shown in Table 1 at intervals of 7 days. 35 days after the pot transplantation, the above-ground weight of the plant body was measured and compared with relative values when the untreated section (Comparative product 1-1) was set to 100. That is, the relative value = (W ₁ / W ₀ ) × 100 is obtained from the above-ground weight (W ₀ ) of the plant body in the untreated section and the above-ground weight (W ₁ ) of the plant body to which the plant vital agent is applied. (The same applies hereinafter).

  In Table 1, the (a) component application rate is the total amount of the component (a) applied per plant (one plant) during the cultivation period (the same applies hereinafter).

Example 2 <Chingensai Seedling Test>
Cultivation container: 50-well cell tray-use culture: Kureha culture cultivation condition: In a glass greenhouse with a temperature setting of 23 ° C. Seeding was carried out under the above conditions, and application was started after germination and after development of the main leaves. As the plant vital agent, an application liquid prepared by diluting to a predetermined concentration in 100 ml of water was supplied by irrigation treatment, and this treatment was performed at intervals of 7 days as shown in Table 2. 35 days after pot transplantation, the above-ground weight of the plant body was measured and compared with a relative value when the untreated section (Comparative product 2-1) was taken as 100.

Claims (3)

A method for cultivating a plant, wherein an application liquid containing 100 to 5000 ppm of a plant vital agent containing glycerin carbonate and potassium oleate as a glycerin carbonate concentration is applied to a plant five times or more by irrigation treatment . The cultivation method of the plant of Claim 1 which applies the said application liquid to the plant on the conditions from which glycerol carbonate becomes 0.1 (mg / 1 plant body) or more. The plant cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant vital agent contains 10 to 2000 parts by weight of potassium oleate with respect to 100 parts by weight of glycerin carbonate.