JP4723647B2 - 船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置 - Google Patents
船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置 Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 114
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title claims description 68
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Inorganic materials Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
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- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxyl Chemical compound O[O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010014357 Electric shock Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010018910 Haemolysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607626 Vibrio cholerae Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
- C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
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Description
水を電気分解するときに両極から主として発生するラジカルとしては、ヒドロキシルラジカル(OH・)、ヒドロパーオキシラジカル(HOO・)、スーパーオキシドラジカル(O2 −)、過酸化水素水(H2O2)があるが、数秒から数億分の1秒といった短時間で存在する不安定な物質であるが、イオン交換により細菌を瞬時に殺菌、消毒する機能に優れているという特徴がある。
水に直流電源を通電させると、電位差(ORP)が発生する。このとき、陽極(+)から発生する+電位差が1100mV以上であれば、大腸菌及び一般細菌が細胞膜を破壊して瞬時に細菌などの微生物を殺菌することになる。
海水を電気分解すれば、水中の塩分(NaCl)が残留塩素(OCl−、HClO)の形態に一部切り換わる。次亜塩もラジカルの一種であるが、他のラジカルとは異なり、持続力を有し、生物を殺菌することになる。海水中電気分解時に生成される残留塩素の生成濃度は電極のコーティング材質、滞留時間及び投入電力量と相関関係を有するが、高い残留塩素濃度を海に放流する場合、他の生物破壊の原因となるため、できる限り低い濃度に維持する必要性がある。このため、できる限り次塩発生量の少ない電極を用いて短い接触時間と低い電流量にて消毒することが本発明の要旨である。
Claims (11)
- 船舶用のバラスト水に残留する細菌をはじめとする水中生物を除去または不活性化させるための消毒装置(100)において、
両端の一方にバラスト水(40)が流れ込まれる流入口(11−1)が設けられ、他方にはバラスト水(40)が流れ出る流出口(11−2)が設けられ、前記流入口(11−1)の側に過流生成用のバッフル装置(20)が設けられ、前記流出口(11−2)の側には残留塩素濃度測定用のセンサー(30)が設けられ、前記バッフル装置(20)とセンサー(30)との間の途上にあるチャンバー(11)内に一対の電極(12)を1組とする電極組(12−1)が多数設けられている電解モジュール(10)と、
前記電解モジュール(10)に電源を供給する電源供給装置(50)と、
前記バラスト水(40)を流入・流出させるポンプ(61)と、前記ポンプ(61)に接続される配管(62)及び弁(63)よりなる接続手段(60)と、
を備えており、
流入水と最初に接触する1段目の電極(12)は板状電極(12−2)とし、2段目以降の電極組(12−1)は網状電極(12−3)とすることを特徴とする船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置。 - 前記チャンバー(11)は、耐酸化性の不導体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置。
- 前記電極(12)は、チタンにイリジウム酸化物をコートして得られることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置。
- 前記電極(12)は、それぞれ5〜20mmの間隔にて配設されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置。
- 前記電極組(12−1)は流水方向と水平になるように設けられて、バラスト水の流速及び流量に応じて電流量が調節されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置。
- 前記板状電極(12−2)は、流水方向と水平になるように設けられる場合に限って用いられることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項5に記載の船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置。
- 前記電極組(12−1)は流水方向と垂直となるように設けられて、バラスト水の流速及び流量に応じて電流量が調節されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置。
- 前記電極組(12−1)の+電源(50−1)と―電源(50−2)が他の電極組(12−1)と隣り合う位置においては同じ極の電源として対応するように配置され、
前記電極組(12−1)の前記電極(12)が、電極組(12−1)内においては―電極(12−5)と+電極(12−4)とが交差するように、かつ前記電極組(12−1)が隣り合う他の電極組(12−1)の間においては隣り合う電極同士が異なる極性となるように、配置されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置。 - 前記電源供給装置(50)は交流電力を直流電力に切り替え、タイマーにより周期的に極性を切り替え、20V以下の低電圧の直流電源を電極(12)に供給することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置。
- 前記電源供給装置(50)は直流電力を交流電力に切り替え、周波数変換装置により交流のサイクルを調節し、20V以下の低電圧の交流電源を電極(12)に供給することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置。
- 前記電源供給装置(50)は、前記残留塩素濃度測定用のセンサー(30)により電解モジュール(10)に供給する電流量が制御されることを特徴とする請求項1、請求項9または請求項10に記載の船舶用のバラスト水の電解消毒装置。
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US20080277274A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
EP1945575A4 (en) | 2010-03-03 |
KR100597254B1 (ko) | 2006-07-06 |
EP1945575A1 (en) | 2008-07-23 |
CN101331087B (zh) | 2012-04-11 |
WO2007032577A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
CN101331087A (zh) | 2008-12-24 |
JP2009507638A (ja) | 2009-02-26 |
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