JP4721047B2 - Evacuation facilities for tsunamis and their construction methods - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an evacuation facility for a tsunami and the like, and a construction method thereof.

  It has long been customary to evacuate to a nearby small high place when you know the danger of a tsunami.

Problems to be solved by the invention

However, these nearby small and high places are not everywhere, and sometimes they are far away. Also, for people with physical disabilities, a small high place is practically very far away from home, and as a result, tsunami attacks often occur.
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an evacuation facility for a tsunami or the like and a method for constructing the evacuation facility that can easily provide an evacuation place by selecting a nearby place such as a park or a plaza in the town.

Means for solving the problem

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention described in claim 1 should exceed the estimated tsunami height of the installation area by using earth and sand, rocks, heavy envelops, wood, steel frames, concrete, waste materials, etc. alone or in combination as appropriate. Artificial hills that are built to rise above the ground level and have an evacuation site on the upper surface that can be climbed by means of climbing from the ground level are deployed at multiple locations. Between the evacuation sites, communication is made so that they can come and go and become evacuation spaces .
The invention described in claim 2 may be raised above the ground level to exceed the estimated tsunami height of the installation area by using earth and sand, rocks, heavy envelopment, wood, steel frame, concrete, waste materials, etc. alone or in combination as appropriate. The lower evacuation site is set on the upper surface of the artificial hill created in the hill, and the artificial hill is provided with climbing means that can climb to the lower evacuation site from the ground level, and the upper evacuation site Is provided so as to be higher than the lower evacuation site through a support column erected on the artificial hill in a state of being supported by the artificial hill.

The invention's effect

  According to the present invention, a safe evacuation site can be provided by simple construction by selecting a nearby park or open space in the town.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail according to each embodiment, but the contents described in each embodiment can be applied to other embodiments as well.
1 and 2 show an embodiment of an evacuation facility for a tsunami (or flood) according to the present invention.
The evacuation facility according to the embodiment is configured on the ground 1 such as a park, a plaza, a school yard, etc. far away from the coastal area of the sea. May be provided with appropriate separation (including proximity).

Reference numeral 2 denotes an artificial hill, which constitutes the main part of the evacuation facility, and the entire artificial hill 2 is shaped like a cone with a top cut. The cut upper surface is a horizontal and circular evacuation site 3. Reference numeral 4 denotes a conical flared rising surface, and reference numeral 5 denotes an upper protective fence for the evacuation site 3. A lower protective fence whose part is an entrance / exit may be provided around the outer periphery of the artificial hill 2. The fence may be only halfway around the front. A plurality of climbing means 6 made of iron or wood, which are staircases, are fixedly provided at a plurality of locations on the artificial hill 2 so that the evacuation site 3 can be climbed from the ground 1 side.

  In the case of this embodiment, since the right direction in FIG. 1 is the coast side, the arrow X is assumed to be the direction in which the tsunami strikes, but in the direction X side and the return flow generation direction Y side of the artificial hill 2 respectively. A plurality of poles 7... Which are preliminary defense means are erected and fixed by burying a plurality of lower portions. The pole 7 is made of a metal pipe, a reinforced concrete column, a wooden column, a rubber column, and the like, and is disposed between the widths having substantially the same size as the hem diameter of the artificial hill 2. The pole 7 has a higher protective effect if an elastic cushioning material such as a discarded tire is fitted to the outer periphery of the pole 7 in a vertically stacked manner. Moreover, you may arrange | position the skirt defense means 8 so that the bottom part of these poles 7 ... may be included in a circular arc shape as seen from the top like a virtual line. The defense means 8 may be any of earth, sand, rock, concrete and the like, and it can be said that the defense means 8 is an artificial hill depending on the size. The pole 8 may be an afforestation (including a bamboo forest) with high resistance. In this case, the protective effect is further improved by planting trees in double and triple directions in the X direction and arranging them in a staggered manner. Multiple plantations may be joined together.

  Similarly, if the tail defense means 8 is provided on the arrow Y side, not only the return flow Y but also the tsunami that passes from the arrow X around the artificial hill 2 is attenuated.

In the embodiment, the artificial hill 2 is piled up and hardened with earth and sand. However, the rising surface 4 may be protected from tsunami by mortar spraying or resin spraying. . Such spray may be applied to the evacuation site 3 as well. In particular, when the artificial hill 2 is made of earth and sand or gravel and the climbing means is also formed, a solid staircase can be easily created by fixing the spray layer to the surface of the climbing means (staircase).
Artificial hill 2 can be finished with a mixture of earth and sand. In this case, the lump may be the lower layer and the earth and sand may be the upper layer. Alternatively, the lump may be integrated as a main body portion by pouring earth or sand or concrete into the gap or upper surface. The agglomerates include natural agglomerates such as rocks and pebbles, as well as artificial agglomerates such as concrete blocks, building waste, and calcined sludge agglomerates.

  The artificial hill 2 is made by stacking earth and sand on the ground 1 and solidifying it. As shown in FIG. 2, the artificial hill 2 is driven by reinforcing piles (or plates or pipes) 9. It may be. The artificial hill 2 may be strengthened by driving a pile vertically or diagonally from the evacuation site 3, and in addition to driving, one or more pillars are built on the ground 1 before the artificial hill 2 is constructed. The lower part may be embedded in the artificial hill 2. An upper evacuation site higher than the evacuation site 3 may be installed through the upper part of the column. The lower part of this support may be embedded in the ground 1 or the bottom end flange may be fixed to the ground 1 so that the weight of the artificial hill 2 is applied around the flange or support and fixed by pressure. .

  A retina material such as metal or resin may be attached to the rising surface 4 (which may include the evacuation site 3) to increase the defense effect. This retinal material is fixed at the edge and other whole parts by a driving anchor (peg). The retinal material may be composed of a plurality of upper and lower layers. In this case, there are cases where the front side is rough and the back side is fine, and vice versa. In addition, if the meshes cross each other between the upper and lower layers, the holding force becomes stronger. The artificial hill 2 has one or more retinal materials interposed in the middle layer, such as stacking the lower layer and fixing the first retinal material, and then overlaying earth and sand on it to stretch the second retinal material. May be. In this case, if the retinal material of each layer is anchored, a firm artificial hill is completed.

The artificial hill 2 may be entirely finished with concrete. In this case, the bottom may be embedded in the ground 1.
The artificial hill 2 may be a structure in which earth and sand or a lump or the like is appropriately combined and stacked on a solid foundation. In this case, a plurality of columns (or piles) protruding integrally from the solid foundation may be used as the reinforcing core. This reinforcing core may function as a pillar, and an upper evacuation stage having a higher level than that of the evacuation place 3 may be formed thereon so that the evacuation effect can be improved by adding climbing means.

When the artificial hill 2 is made of concrete, the concrete is only the outer ring-shaped portion, and earth and sand or rocks may be put into the concrete to finish the evacuation site 3. The outer ring may or may not have a solid foundation. Alternatively, two or more outer peripheral rings may be formed concentrically and buried in the inner ring, so that the outer ring functions as a protective wall.
Furthermore, in the case of concrete finishing, the rising surface 4 may be a vertical outer peripheral surface, or an inverted conical surface with a narrowed skirt so that the tsunami does not go upward.
The shape of the artificial hill 2 is not limited to a conical shape, but may be an elliptical, elliptical, or polygonal plane or a polygonal pyramid such as a triangle or a square.
The height of the evacuation site 3 of the artificial hill 2 is set with a height sufficient to exceed the estimated tsunami height of an area such as a park where the artificial hill 2 is installed .

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the artificial hill 2 may be configured such that only the skirt portion thereof is used as a hem guide portion 10 having a slightly larger diameter so that the tsunami does not easily climb upward. The hem guide portion 10 is preferably concrete. Further, if the outer peripheral surface of the hem guide portion 10 is made uneven as shown by an imaginary line in FIG. 1, there is an effect of attenuating the tsunami flow.

  The climbing means 6 is made of a metal or wooden staircase member and is provided at a position corresponding to the rear of the artificial hill 2 or a position corresponding to the left and right so that a person evacuating due to a tsunami from the tsunami invasion direction X is not washed away. There may be provided around the front. When the climbing / lowering means 6 is provided at any location around the front, the pole 7 ..., the skirt protection means 8 and the like have an effect of protecting the evacuees by attenuating the tsunami. You may set up a defense plate or a pole.

The ascending / descending means 6 may be an artificial hill 2 provided with an integrated staircase made of concrete or the like.
Further, as shown by a virtual line in FIG. 1, the climbing means 6 may be a simple ladder 6-A made in a ladder shape with a link chain, a rope or the like.
Further, the climbing means 6 may be a long slope (any of earth, sand, concrete, and tread board) 6-B that can be climbed even by a wheelchair as shown by a virtual line in FIG. The slope 6-B may be a gentle staircase, or a combination of the slope 6-B and the staircase.

Alternatively, a helical slope (or staircase) 6-C may be used.
Furthermore, as shown by a virtual line in FIG. 1, a cut groove 11 may be formed in the artificial hill 2 and a staircase (or slope) 6-D may be formed inside thereof. In this case, a combination of the staircase 6-d and the slope may be used. This combined type is the same for other climbing means, but also includes those with a slope on the lower side and a step on the upper side in the tilt direction, in this case, near the upper end of the lower slope. Can be configured such that an evacuation space where a wheelchair can evacuate safely is provided by a recess or the like.
Further, the ascending / descending means 6 may be configured such that the entire rising surface 4 is formed at an angle that is much gentler than the inclination angle shown in FIG.
Furthermore, the ascending / descending means 6 may be configured such that the entire rising surface 4 is stepped. In this case, the wheelchair can be climbed with a part of the slope. A winch winding device can be combined with all the slopes described above.

Another artificial hill may be installed on the artificial hill 2 on the tsunami invasion side as a preliminary defense means. There may be a plurality of reserve defense means.
On the artificial hill 2, an evacuation house 12 such as a dome shape, a container shape, or a strong temporary housing may be installed as shown by a virtual line in FIG. 2. The evacuation house 12 may be configured such that, for example, the box culvert is oriented in the horizontal axis and can be evacuated therein. In this case, opening / closing lids may be provided at both ends of the culvert. In the evacuation house 12, emergency food, drinking water, bedding and other necessary items may be provided.
The above individual plans can be applied to all of the following embodiments.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment. An artificial hill 15 having an appropriate shape such as a conical shape is formed on the ground 14 with earth and sand or concrete, a concrete hem guide 16 also serving as a stairs is attached to the skirt portion, and the rising surface 17 is a climbing means that is a stairs. A plurality of 18 are provided, and an upper defense fence 20 is provided at the evacuation place 19 on the upper surface. A column (vertical member) 21 such as a circle, a corner, or an H shape, which is fixed upright in advance. Is further provided with an ascending / descending means 23 which is a staircase for setting up the upper evacuation stage 22 and climbing to the stage 22. The stage 22 is not essential.
Note that the upper evacuation stage 22 may be omitted, and one or a plurality of climbing means 23 may be provided so that the climbing means 23 itself becomes an evacuation place. The climbing means 23 may be supported. When the climbing means 23 is used as an evacuation site, the two climbing means 23 may be combined in a side view X (see FIG. 13) or an inverted V shape.
Although the support | pillar 21 is a product made from an iron pipe, a steel sheet pile, a steel pipe sheet pile, a concrete sheet pile can be used, and a reinforced concrete utility pole, a concrete pile, etc. may be used. The column 21 is erected in advance by embedding (or press-fitting) it into the soil before the artificial hill 15 is formed as shown by the broken line in FIG. 3, but it may be anchored on the ground 14 or the hem guide 16. . If a resistance material H having a flange shape or a horizontal radial shape is attached to the lower portion of the support column 21, the stability is further improved. The strut 21 is pressure-held by the formation of the artificial hill 15, and conversely, the artificial hill 15 chopping 21 is protected by the core. The handrail t may be extended upward as T, and the upper evacuation site 22 may be installed thereon. T may be a steel sheet pile. The climbing means 18 is provided along the peripheral surface of the artificial hill 15, but as shown by 18A or 18B in FIG. Alternatively, it may be formed such that the upper end faces the evacuation site 19. The climb angle can be reduced. It may be formed as a broken line route like 18C and 18D, and in this case, the climb angle can be made smaller.

  FIG. 4 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, a plurality of anchors 27 in a vertical direction are driven into a rising surface 26, and at the same time, climbing means 28 such as a wire rope or a horizontal beam and a handrail 29 which is a vertical beam are formed sideways. is there. These members are the climbing means 28 and reinforce the artificial hill 30.

  5 and 6 show another embodiment. In the embodiment, the conical artificial hill 33 is constructed by selecting or combining earth and sand, lump, concrete (including block-shaped ones), etc., and in particular, the artificial hill 33 with respect to the tsunami intrusion direction X A connecting bridge-shaped evacuation place 34 is arranged so as to be lined up in the front and back and fixed between the upper surfaces thereof so that more people can evacuate. Reference numeral 35 denotes climbing means, and various climbing means as described above can be used. In particular, the climbing means may lead from the ground to the floor of the evacuation site 34.

The artificial hills 33 are arranged at two points in the front and rear directions, but may be arranged at a plurality of points such as three points, four points, and five points as shown in the left column of FIG. In that case, there are a case where one of a plurality of points is arranged so as to precede the X direction, and a case where two are arranged so as to precede the X direction. As shown in the figure, the artificial hill is not limited to a conical shape. For example, as shown in the right column diagram of FIG. 5, the artificial hill is a polygonal artificial shape such as a triangle (including a triangular pyramid) or a hexagonal shape in the forward direction. A hill 37 may be formed so that one of the corners faces forward so as to open a tsunami so that the artificial hill 38 behind can be protected more reliably. It may be possible to effectively counter the flow from the front-rear direction. In principle, all evacuation sites are set up between multiple artificial hills, but evacuation sites may be set directly on each artificial hill.
The artificial hills 33, 33 may be arranged so as to correspond to the left and right with respect to the tsunami intrusion direction X1 shown in FIG.

7 and 8 show another embodiment. In the embodiment, the artificial hill 44 is made of concrete having a quadrangular pyramid and a square hem guide portion 45 at the bottom, and the artificial hill 44 may be embedded in the bottom (may have a fixed pile). . 46 is an ascending / descending means, 47 is an evacuation place, and the artificial hill 44 is directed so that one corner of the hem guide portion 45 precedes in the X direction so that it can be waved.
In addition, you may make it the elongate artificial hill 48 with a long rhombus bottom in the front and back like a virtual line.

  The perspective view of FIG. 9 shows another embodiment. This figure shows a state in which a large number of thick receiving piles (which may be steel sheet piles) 51 are driven along an outer circle 50 of the evacuation facility. The receiving pile 51 is provided with a ring 52 in two upper and lower stages, and through these rings 52 a rope 53 such as a wire is passed in two upper and lower stages to form a circular receiving fence 54 as shown in FIG. A part of the receiving fence 54 is open for evacuation.

55 is a net containing a lump (a heavy weight for enveloping), and the lump is a rock, a concrete lump, an iron lump, a fired sludge lump, and the like. It can be transported by a crane at 56. The mass-containing net 55 is piled up in the receiving fence 54 to form an artificial hill 57. The upper part is an evacuation site 58. 59 is a climbing means.
The net 55 that has been piled up is used as a climbing means by using the mesh itself as a footrest, but another net may be provided around the outer periphery of the artificial hill 57 so that the net becomes a more stable footrest. . A step such as a U-shape may be placed in the artificial hill 57 in the vertical direction to form an ascending / descending means. In this case, the net may be fixed simultaneously by placing the step. It is also possible to provide a more stable climbing means by installing the wire of the net facing vertically and horizontally and attaching step pieces such as pipes to the horizontal wire portion so as to extend vertically. Further, since the net 55 itself is extremely stable, it is not always necessary to provide the receiving fence 54, but it becomes easy to counter a tsunami if it is arranged in an uneven manner as shown in the right column diagram of FIG. 10. The artificial hills 57 may be connected to each other or may be finished by covering the surface with earth or sand or concrete.

FIG. 11 shows another embodiment. The embodiment is an evacuation facility in which a large number of mass-containing nets 62 are piled up to form an artificial hill 63, and a protective outer ring (preliminary defense means) 64 using the mass-containing net 62 is also provided on the outer periphery thereof. is there. As shown in the right figure, the nets 62 may be connected together so that the whole is not collapsed. Further, by attaching an outer net 65 to the whole and fixing with a peg 66, a more stable artificial hill 63 and The defensive outer ring 64 can be obtained.
Note that if the recess 68 is formed in the ground 67 and the net 62 is embedded therein, the entire outer ring 64 is stabilized against the tsunami. A pile 69 may be added. This method using the dent 68 can also be formed for the artificial hill 63. Moreover, although the safety | security improves more by making the upper surface of the artificial hill 63 into a concave shape and evacuating in this evacuation place 70, you may make it a horizontal evacuation place. Furthermore, the outer ring 64 may be partly cut out so that an evacuee can pass through instead of the entire circumference as shown in a schematic plan view in the upper column of FIG. Further, the artificial hill 63 is easy to climb when the outer periphery is piled up in a staircase shape.
The same applies to the embodiment of FIG. 10, but the inner layer of the mass-containing nets 55, 62 is assumed to contain a large mass, and the outer layer is assumed to contain a smaller mass, and only the outer layer net is included. However, it becomes possible to make the surface of the artificial hills 57, 63 less uneven by pressing with a heavy machine. As a result, evacuees can easily climb using the net (this may apply to other embodiments as well).
The lump containing a lump can be replaced with a sandbag, or a lump and lump can be combined and stacked. Sediment and lump can be mixed in the sandbag. Although the same applies to FIG. 10, as shown by the phantom lines in FIG. 11, if the stop piles 71 are driven in advance and the nets 55 and 62 are inserted and fixed thereon, they are unlikely to collapse.

  FIG. 12 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, an artificial hill 73 as shown in FIG. 10 or FIG. 11 is formed in the center, and a slightly smaller artificial hill 74... Artificial hills 74..., Or between artificial hills 74 and artificial hills 73 can be connected to each other with a wire rope, a link chain, a pipe, or the like to increase the resistance to tsunami. The artificial hill 74 may be connected to the anchor pile 75 in front of the artificial hill 74 by a tow rope 76 such as a wire.

  FIG. 13 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, before the artificial hill 81 having a height of about 6 m whose entire circumference is a staircase 80 is formed, the base flange 82 is fixed by the anchor 83 and the column 84 having a height of about 12 m is erected. After that, by constructing the artificial hill 81 by the earth and sand stacking method, the net stacking method as shown in FIG. 11, concrete placement, or the like, the column 84 is firmly and stably installed by its heavy weight. The support 84 may be embedded in the ground like a virtual line.

After that, an elevating means 85 is erected on the artificial hill 81 so as to form a side X shape, and an upper evacuation site 86 having a height of about 12 m is installed on the elevating means 85 and the support column 84. It is. 87 is a evacuation site below. The upper evacuation site 86 may be supported by corner posts 88.
89 is a reserve defense means, and a transfer 90 may be mounted between the back reserve defense means 89 and the artificial hill 81. The height of each circumferential staircase 80 around the artificial hill 81 is illustrated as having a slightly large step (around 1.5 m) for the evacuating person, but this is a small step that is easy for the evacuating person to climb. You can have it. Further, when the step is large as shown in the figure, an outer net 65 as shown in FIG. 11 may be attached so that the net can be used as a footrest, or a separate step member may be provided.

  FIG. 14 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, slope-type or step-type climbing means 93 are provided in a folded manner on the side surface portion of the artificial hill 92 that is piled up in a pyramidal manner so that it can climb to the evacuation site 94. Reference numeral 95 denotes a recess for providing the climbing means 93. As shown in the upper left column of the figure, when the step of the circumferential staircase 96 is large, the staircase plate 97 may be separately fixed. In the figure, the bottom of the artificial hill 92 is buried, but a method of placing it on the ground may be used. The circumferential staircase 96 may be a spiral staircase or a license rope.

  FIG. 15 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, the base 99 is a polygon such as a hexagon, and the corner ridges are directed to the direction X side where the tsunami strikes to distribute the tsunami X to the left and right, and the artificial hill 100 thereon is also a hexagon. It is a polygonal pyramid shape. The artificial hill 100 may have a columnar shape or a conical shape, or a polygonal pyramid shape other than a hexagon. In addition, climbing means 101 such as a spiral staircase or a slope may be provided.

  FIG. 16 shows another embodiment. In the embodiment, the base 104 is a polygon such as a quadrangle, and the corner ridge portion is directed to the direction X side where the tsunami strikes to distribute the tsunami X to the left and right, and the artificial hill 105 thereon is a cylinder. Or it is a conical shape. The artificial hill 105 can also be a polygon such as a quadrangle, and the base 104 can also be a cylinder. As shown in the lower right column, the ascending / descending means 106, which is a staircase, may be configured in a concave groove 107 formed on the back side in the direction in which the tsunami strikes. A spiral staircase or a lace rope like a virtual line may be used. As shown in the left column of the figure, the artificial hill 105 may be constructed corresponding to the bottom of the mountain / hill to form the evacuation site 108. 109 is an ascending / descending means, which is provided between the width of the artificial hill 105 or on the side of the hill 105, and is formed long forward as shown in the figure. Further, it can be formed like the climbing means 110 longer. The ascending / descending means 109, 110 may be either a slope, a staircase type, or a side-by-side type.

  17 and 18 show another embodiment. In this embodiment, a plurality of box culverts 111 are vertically aligned on the ground 110 to form a base and fixed by a tension rope 112, and a box culvert 111 as an upper base is further provided at the center position thereof. It is placed and an upper staircase 113 is provided therein so as to be able to ascend and descend from an unillustrated entrance / exit formed on the culvert 111. Then, earth and sand and rock mass are introduced into each of the culverts 111... As the lower base, and then earth and sand and rock mass are also introduced into the inner bottom of the culvert 111 as the upper base for stabilization. The culvert 111 may be embedded in the bottom as shown in the lower right diagram of FIG.

  115 is an artificial hill. The artificial hill 115 is embedded so as to wrap all around the bottom of the lower culvert 111 and the lower culvert 111, and has an elliptical planar shape with its long axis parallel to the X direction. Any geometric shape such as a circle or a square can be adopted. Moreover, earth and sand, rock blocks, concrete blocks, net concrete containing solid blocks, or the like can be adopted by selection or combination. Moreover, a hem guide or a defense fence for preventing the hem from collapsing can be attached. An upper evacuation site 118 is fixedly installed at a higher position with a handrail on the upper culvert 111. The upper evacuation site 118 can be further stabilized by a checker wire 117.

Reference numeral 119 denotes climbing means, which is composed of slopes from both the left and right sides that are as far back as possible from the tsunami invasion direction X, but may be composed of a long slope such as a bend as shown by an imaginary line in FIG. It may be a staircase.
In addition, in the front (and the rear) of the artificial hill 115, a lower embedded type preliminary defense means 120 is provided as shown in FIG. The means 120 may use a concrete pipe or a culvert.
Further, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 17, a large number of culverts 111 are brought together in the vertical axis direction to form a lower base a, and the culvert 111 is placed thereon to form an upper base b. Hills 122 may be configured and the corners may be installed in the X direction. In this case, earth and sand are not provided around the culvert 111, but may be provided as necessary.

In some cases, the culvert 111 is left empty with no earth or sand. Further, the lower culvert 111 may be turned sideways. In this case, since the culvert 111 has an end opening and an internal passage, the culvert 111 can be climbed upward if it is communicated with the outside and provided with a climbing means inside.
It should be noted that tsunami energy can be attenuated in advance by planting trees 121 or making bamboo bamboo around the artificial hill-type evacuation facility as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in the lower left column of FIG. 18, an upper evacuation site where an artificial hill 122 including climbing means 124 and an evacuation place 126 is made a large base, and a small platform is additionally formed thereon to climb the climbing means 125. An upper artificial hill 123 having 127 may be formed.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 is for evacuation comprising a pyramid-shaped artificial hill 364 that can be made of earth and sand, a block of rock (including a net containing a lump), or concrete, and an evacuation stage 365 combined therewith. Indicates a facility (sometimes called a pyramid stage) .

The pyramid-shaped artificial hill 364 has a quadrangular pyramid shape, but may be another polygonal pyramid shape such as a triangular pyramid or a hexagonal pyramid. The artificial hill 364 is installed so that one ridge line is directed to the direction of the tsunami flow X and the return flow Y, and the flow of the cone is used as a slope for ascending / descending means. May be used as an ascending / descending means. Here, the conical surface can be used as a slope and can be climbed up and down by a staircase 366 provided vertically in the center of the conical surface. An evacuation facility can also be constituted by only these pyramid-shaped artificial hills 364 .

The evacuation stage 365 is provided with a square flat substrate and an outer handrail. The evacuation stage 365 is arranged concentrically with the artificial hill 364 and is placed in correspondence with the peripheral edge of the artificial hill 364. Are supported and fixed by guard columns 368. Its height is a little lower than the apex of the pyramid, and in particular, a square opening P is opened at the center of the stage 365 so that the edge thereof is substantially in contact with the artificial hill 364. A climbing port Q is formed in a cutout shape at the center position of each side of 369 so that it can be transferred from the stairs 366 to the evacuation stage 365 while turning .
Incidentally, as shown in the right column of FIG. 19, a step a having an L-shaped cross section is provided on the outer periphery slightly lower than the top of the artificial hill 364, and after climbing the stairs 366, the evacuation stage 365 is passed through the step a. You may be able to evacuate .
Further, as shown in the right column of FIG. 20, only the top b of the artificial hill 364 may be supported as a quadrangular pyramid-shaped roof, and the evacuation stage c may be formed between the top b and the artificial hill 364 below the same. In this case, in order to further secure the area of the evacuation stage c, an outer peripheral stage e supported by the support column d may be provided around the evacuation stage c .

In the embodiment of FIG. 21, a high evacuation site 369 is created inside a protective wall 368 that can adopt various shapes such as a round cylinder shape, an elliptical cylinder shape, and a rectangular cylinder shape by placing a steel sheet pile or the like, and a rear portion thereof is cut out. The fan staircase (or slope) 370 that can be climbed down from the rear ground to the center of the high evacuation site 369 is formed with a slope as gentle as possible. The staircase 370 may be made of earth or sand or concrete. The staircase 370 makes it difficult to climb the return flow while also generating a side current .

FIG. 22 shows that wood (including bamboo) 400 including thinned wood is bundled in an appropriate number, such as several or dozens as shown in the upper left column, and is wound up like a cocoon bundle with a wire rope 401 or the like. Is a group unit a, and a large number of these unit units a are vertically bundled and further bundled up and strongly tightened by an outer aperture 402 such as a wire rope or a wire mesh over several stages in the upper and lower stages ( Evacuation facilities). The wood 400 includes timber, and bamboo or rattan can be used instead. If the outer diaphragm 402 is a wire or a resin mesh, its own eyes become a ladder. The outer diaphragm 402 is not essential. For example, when the group unit a is embedded, the outer diaphragm 402 may not be configured. In this case, it is not necessary to configure the outer diaphragm 402 in particular. The diameter is not specified here because it has a character determined appropriately according to the size, such as 10m, 20m, and 30M, assuming the number of people evacuating nearby. Further, the timber 400 is basically cut into the same length and an evacuation place is set on the timber 400. As shown in the figure, the portion of the wood 400 that is on the front side with respect to the incoming tsunami X is 1 m. Or, it may be longer than the others, such as 2 m, to protect the evacuees from the tsunami X. Not only the front but also the entire outer periphery can be raised slightly, and earth and sand can be put into a slightly lower space on the inner periphery to make an evacuation site .

Furthermore, in consideration of safety at the upper evacuation site, a floor board may be laid and fixed on the entire surface or a part of the site .
Further, a filler b such as earth and sand or concrete shown in FIG. 23 may be put into the finish to fill the gaps between the woods a or the unit units a. The filler may be laid so as to form a layer surface up to the upper surface so as to create an evacuation site. The wood 400 may be either a round one that has a skin or a solid one that has been peeled off, or may be a square column such as a square that is modified from a round one. Furthermore, the wood 400 may be painted .
In the above description, the natural wood 400 has been mainly described. However, for example, it may be formed of a pseudo tree in which wood chips are hardened with a compound. In this case, the thing formed in the cylinder shape other than the solid thing is also included. You may comprise combining a pseudo-tree and the natural wood 400. FIG .

In addition, as shown in FIG. 22, before constructing the lumber-focused evacuation facility, the central support column 403 is erected and the unit units a are arranged around it. it can. In this case, if the base portion with the flange 404 is embedded in the ground hole and the support column 403 is fixed upright, the stability of the support column 403 is improved, and even if the tsunami X hits, a large resistance is exhibited. Become. There may be a plurality of support columns 403. In this case, when the columns 403 are connected to each other, a greater resistance can be obtained. In addition, an upper evacuation stage can be formed on the support column. In this case, climbing means such as a spiral staircase can be configured .

The solid line in FIG. 22 illustrates an example in which the entire facility for evacuation is placed on the ground, but the base may be embedded in the soil like a virtual line. The embedding may be performed for all the numbers or for an appropriate number. Aside from embedding the base, the outer base of the evacuation facility is more stabilized when covered with earth, sand, rock (including nets), concrete, or the like. In addition, a wooden pile can be driven around the periphery. In this case, the wooden pile may be placed vertically or may be placed obliquely as shown in the phantom line .

The ascending / descending means 407 of the illustrated apparatus (evacuation facility) is also of a slope type using the wood 400 in parallel. As shown in the lower column, the climbing means 407 is raised stepwise with the wood 400. It can also be configured by arranging in such a way .
Moreover, it is good also as a descending means by arranging the column step 406 ... in the group unit a itself .

As shown in the right column of the figure, the preliminary protection means 405 may be fixed in front of the tsunami X coming in by an embedding method or the like. In this case, the wood 400 can be used. A plurality of the protective means 405 may be provided .
Further, a plurality of the evacuation facilities may be arranged to communicate with each other .
Furthermore, in the said embodiment, the thing of the group unit a was put together and the round cylinder type | mold facility was comprised, For example, a circular line was drawn first and many wooden piles were made perpendicular | vertical so that the line might be followed. In order to obtain a cylinder-shaped facility as a whole, a cylindrical object is formed and a large number of timbers are loaded into the cylindrical object while squeezing and fixing the cylindrical object. (This may apply to other embodiments as well) .

The embodiment of Figure 22, was the escape property Marudogata, the embodiment of FIG. 23 shows the evacuation facilities of quadrangular prism shape. It may be a pentagon or other polygons. The group unit a is arranged in such a way that a large number of groups are prepared and arranged in a square shape in a plan view in a vertical direction from the center to the outer periphery, and the outer diaphragm 409 is fastened to the outer periphery of the unit to make a solid wooden block It is comprised so that. The facility has its right-angled corner facing the direction of the tsunami X. However, the square side may be oriented so as to be orthogonal to the direction of the tsunami X ′ .

410 is a climbing means provided separately. In the above description, all of the group units a... Are based on the base embedding method. However, for example, it may be embedded only in the head side where the tsunami X strikes. When the tsunami invasion direction is perpendicular to the square side such as X ′, it may be embedded only in the head side. Further, a plurality of facilities may be arranged apart from each other, and a connecting bridge 411 that also serves as an evacuation site may be passed. In the embodiment of FIG. 23, the same proposals as described with reference to FIG. 22 can be applied .

FIG. 24 shows another example of an evacuation facility having a polygonal pillar such as a square or a round cylinder shaped pillar as shown in FIG. In this case, a single frame or a thin frame unit 413 is arranged to form a rectangular frame, and an embedding material 414 made of earth, sand, concrete, rock mass or the like is put into the space inside. Evacuation site 415 .

It is also possible to construct a solid square frame by constructing the outer diaphragm 416 at the intermediate stage when the embedding material 414 is put in and squeezing the whole so that the unit a, the wood 413... Are pressed against the embedding material 414 side. Good. At that time, a zigzag aperture 417 for further narrowing the outer aperture 416 may be implemented. Further, as indicated by a virtual line, other evacuation facilities may be added in a chain manner in the same manner. The number, form, etc. are free .

Reference numeral 418 denotes a climbing means such as a stainless mesh, which is obliquely attached to the outside of the evacuation facility. A slightly coarse mesh degree (100 mm □, 150 mm □, etc.) is selected so that the eyes themselves act as a ladder, but step 419... May be separately hooked and fixed .
Further, as shown in the upper right column diagram (center vertical cross-sectional view) of the same figure, the embedding material 414 may be provided only on the wood 413 which is a bottom raising material. In this case, the set unit a may be a metal or concrete pipe. The pair units a which are corner members may be prevented from opening with the connecting member 420. As shown in the lower right column diagram (center vertical cross-sectional view) of the figure, the embedding material 414 may be a lower layer, and wood 413. The embedding material 414 may constitute a recyclable material such as a PET bottle (including a cut piece) or a crushing empty can as a part or the whole. In particular, rubble such as concrete may be mixed with earth and sand to form an embedding material .

FIG. 25 shows an enlarged view of the embodiment of FIG. 22, and as shown in the lower left column, a metal pipe other than wood or a concrete pile may be simultaneously wound as the core material 422. In this case, FIG. Alternatively, only the core member 422 may protrude downward to be a portion for placement or embedding. Further, as shown in the lower center column (plan view), each piece of wood 423 or a set unit a is embedded and arranged in a spiral shape, and the wood 423 and the set unit a are placed in these internal spaces. It is also possible to lay things vertically, so that they can climb up as shown by arrows and the back is an evacuation site. You may spread earth and sand on the wood 423 spread inside. Reference numeral 424 denotes a preliminary buffering means that is configured by bundling wood. Furthermore, as shown in the lower right column (plan view) in the figure, the unit a is not only one layer on the outer periphery but also two layers in a zigzag arrangement, etc., and if it is laminated like three or four layers (not shown), the resistance is high Become .

FIG. 26 shows an outer member 427 made of a pipe, pile, sheet pile or the like that is spaced apart in the circumferential direction and fixed by an embedding method, and a wire stretched with a height along its entire inner circumference. It is made up of an internal stop member 428 such as a resin mesh. Inside, an embedded material 429 made of earth, sand, gravel, rock mass (including a mass-containing net), concrete, wood, or the like is introduced at a height of several meters. . The stopper members 427 are connected to each other by the check members 430 and can be reinforced so that they do not fall down. In this case, the check member 430 is pushed down by the insertion of the inner material 429 and generates a check force in the arrow direction. Thus, the outer stop member 427 is prevented from falling down. One or a plurality of climbing means 432 capable of climbing to the evacuation site 431 from the ground surface may be provided. Further, an external net 433 may be added. The net 433 can Rukoto also serves as the uphill means.

As shown in the upper right column, the outer stopper member 427 may be arranged in a spiral and the inner stopper member 428 may be stretched along the inner periphery thereof. It is assumed that earth and sand are thrown into the spiral space to provide a climbing means 435 such as a slope and an evacuation site 436 .

As shown in the lower right column, the inner stopper member 428 may be stretched in a staggered manner with respect to the outer stopper member 427. Further, as shown in the lower left column, an inner stop member such as a set unit a may be fitted on the inner peripheral side between the outer member 438 such as a base-fixed pipe or pile. Furthermore, you may combine so that the assembly unit a may come between the sheet piles 440 like the right figure of the figure .

In FIG. 27, a stainless steel deformed pipe 442 having a large diameter (5 to 10 m) with a peripheral body portion having a bellows shape and a vertically penetrating shape is installed with its base embedded, and an entrance / exit 443 is formed at one location on the upper edge of the tank 442. It is connected to the upper end of the slope stairs (including the spiral stairs) ascending / descending means 444 along the outer circumference of the pipe from the ground, thereby enabling ascending / descending, and filling the tank 442 with the above-mentioned earth and sand etc. The evacuation site 446 is configured by inserting the bayonet 445. In addition to the climbing / lowering means 444, a slide 447 that can be used for normal play may be provided. These evacuation facilities are also applicable to those built with steel sheet piles .

28 and 29, a plurality of flanged columns 450, such as three or four, are embedded and erected so as to correspond to the positions of the vertexes of the polygon, and one common evacuation stage is provided on the columns 450. In addition to mounting and fixing 451 as a handrail, evacuation stage 452 is connected to tsunami X so as to be able to climb from behind, and evacuation to evacuation stage 451 is possible. One of the pillars 450 of the triangular vertex arrangement shown in the figure is installed so as to precede the direction in which the tsunami X comes .

In particular, around each column 450 of the same embodiment, wood 453... Since the climbing means 452 corresponds to the rear of the wood 453 around the preceding column 450, the tsunami X spreads and becomes weak, and climbing can be performed safely. If the climbing means 452 is arranged closer to the wood 453 than shown, it is possible to climb safely. In addition, as shown in FIG. 28, you may arrange | position the cutting | disconnection guidance means 454 which made the reverse V shape similarly using the timber. The evacuation facility is protected from the tsunami X, and people who evacuate are not easily swept away and can reach the evacuation stage 451. 455 in FIG. 29 is an omnidirectional anchor .

As shown in the lower right column of FIG. 28, a plurality of support columns 456. ... and 6 evacuation facilities with a height of 6 to 8m are built. The front end of the climbing means 458 having the rear end installed on the ground is connected and fixed on the evacuation facility so that it can be moved to any facility for evacuation. Since the tsunami X is divided into left and right as shown in the figure, the facility is protected and evacuees can climb and evacuate through places where there is no direct influence of the tsunami flow. An evacuation facility in which safety is further improved by placing and fixing an evacuation stage on the upper side via the support columns 456 .

FIG. 30 shows an evacuation facility in which the climbing means 569 is sufficiently wide (about 10 to 50 m) so that many people can evacuate safely without being congested, as shown on the left and upper right of the figure. In addition, the evacuation facility is constructed of a protective wall 571 that is enlarged rearward with a rounded tip 570 on the direction X side in which the tsunami strikes, with steel sheet piles, wood, etc. Slope-shaped climbing / lowering means 569 that can be climbed and evacuated from the rear is formed in a front-up shape. This slope may be a staircase, or a slope / staircase type. The ascending / descending means 569 may be either a concrete burying type, or a net with earth or sand or lump. The groundwork may be earth and sand or a net containing a lump, and the top finish may be made of concrete or mortar. Board, mesh, grating, or wood may be used .

In addition, in the evacuation facilities, an evacuation place 572 is formed by embedding in the internal space of the middle protective wall 571 ′ made of a steel sheet pile or the like, and can be evacuated as indicated by an arrow. . A central staircase 573 may be provided as another climbing means that can climb directly to the evacuation site 572, such as a virtual line .
Further, in order to prevent the tsunami flow from jumping to the evacuation side, the turning guide member 574 is attached to the tip portion 570, or slightly lower in the position preceding the tip portion 570 as in the phantom line and the lower right column. The preliminary protective walls 575 may be arranged. The protective wall 575 may be a space or may be buried with earth and sand. As a result, even if a tsunami flow occurs, it can jump into the protective wall 575 and there is no risk of reaching the evacuation side .
Furthermore, as shown in the upper right column, solid evacuation facilities may be arranged opposite to each other in the front-rear direction so that the space between them can be escaped as an evacuation port 576. In this case, there is an advantage that the tsunami flow is difficult to enter if the facility for evacuation located on the rear side as in S is narrower than the width of the facility for evacuation in front .
Further, the tip 570 may have a sharp tip like a triangular apex .

In FIG. 32, four main posts 591 such as angle members with lips are erected at the four corners by press-fitting or the like, and auxiliary posts 592 made of H-shaped steel are provided along two surfaces of the main posts 591. ... and a square bar (including steel sheet piles) 593 ... is dropped between the sub struts 592 facing each other and placed in a weir system, and the inner space is filled with earth and sand, lump nets, concrete, etc. The evacuation site is 594. Reference numeral 595 denotes climbing means .

Such an evacuation facility sets the direction so that one corner is advanced as shown in the figure with respect to the direction X in which the tsunami strikes, but is not limited to this. In addition, a sub strut 592 made of H-shaped steel may be disposed in the middle to make the structure stronger .
Alternatively, a pair of H-shaped steel may be made into one and press-fitted. In this case, the main column 591 may be omitted .

FIG. 33 shows an additional proposal example. Conventional practice, in order was that wear a suit jacket after tightening the next-tie and wearing the shirt to underwear, it was in trouble very hot in summer. However, as shown in the figure, wearing a summer cool suit 125 directly on the underwear 124 makes it possible to live a very cool and light life. The cool suit 125 is made of very fine mesh fabric, which is cool and light and feels cool, and has a traditional form. The sleeve tip is sewn with a shirt-like mesh sleeve 126. Has been .

A pattern 128 emphasized by a slightly thicker line is attached to the lower arm 127 of the cool suit 125, and it is devised so as to create a high-class feeling as a whole .

As shown in the right column of the figure, a large number of vent holes 130 are opened in the portion from the lower rod 127 to the upper rod 129 and the main body edge portion where they face each other so as to be cooler. On the inner surface of the upper collar 129, as shown in the upper right column of the figure, a ventilation promoting piece 131 made of a corrugated fabric using a sweat absorbing effect and a deodorizing effect is sewn so that the transpiration from the back is exposed. It is supposed to escape .

133 in the right column of the figure is a hooked article, and this hooked article 133 is composed of a front side and a back side, and the front side has a breathable tie base portion whose upper end is widened to about 15 cm and gradually narrows downward. 134, and the back side is continuously provided in a bent shape from the tie base portion 134 as an internal tongue piece 135 using a fabric having a sweat absorbing effect and a deodorizing effect. The surface hit the body of the betrayer was tongue 135, that are sewn ventilation promotes piece 131 as shown in the upper right of FIG.

As shown by the arrow B, such a hanging article 133 is inserted and hung so that the inner tongue 135 is placed inside the neck portion of the underwear 124, and the tie base portion 134 is hung on the front side of the underwear 124. Thus, the entire hanger 133 is hung through the neck of the underwear 124. Since the upper portion of the tie portion 134 is sufficiently wide, the underwear 124 is not covered and cannot be seen from the front .
In addition, since the neck part of the underwear 124 is usually slightly lower than the neck, there is still a little room left between the upper edge of the hanging article 133 and the neck. Therefore, if the simple clip 136 is attached to a position slightly lower on the back surface of the tie base portion 134 as shown by the broken line in the right figure so that the clip is sandwiched between the neck portions of the underwear 124, the level of the entire hanger 133 is obtained. Is a little up and there is no sense of discomfort .
The upper collar 129 may be made higher than the upper collar height of a conventional suit and slightly higher than the collar height of the shirt .

FIG. 34 also shows an example of an additional proposal. This hooked article 138 includes a neckerchief-like cover part 139 and an internal tongue piece 140, and the back side of the cover part 139 and the front side of the internal tongue piece 140. A simple pocket 141 is sewn. The internal tongue piece 140 is made of a fabric having both effects of sweat removal and smell elimination. A neck ring 142 includes a hook 143 that can be hooked and detached with a single touch and can be adjusted in length, and a hook 138 is hung on the front part thereof. Such a hanger 138 can be set in a state of being lifted to near the neck. The cover part 139 may be a tie-like one .

FIG. 35 also shows an additional proposal example. The cool suit 146 has a slightly higher part from the upper heel 147 to the upper part of the lower heel 148 similar to that of a conventional shirt, and the upper part of the lower heel 148 is opposed to the left and right. A through hole 149 is opened. Reference numeral 150 denotes a neck ring, which has a hooking / removing tool 151 at the front and rear, and a hook 152 as shown in FIG. The neck ring 150 is hung from the upper collar 147 to the lower collar 148 of the cool suit 146 and is forwardly fastened through the through hole 149 .

A hook 152 is hung around the front of the neck ring 150. You may or may not have an inner tongue 140 for sweat removal and odor removal on the back side, but it is free to put it in the neck part of the underwear (not shown) or on the front side of the neck part It is. In addition, as shown by the phantom line in FIG. 35, when the heel portion 153 is formed so as to be slightly closer to the neck than the conventional heel line shown by the solid line, the hanging product 152 may be narrow .

Incidentally, as shown in the lower right column of FIG. 35, on the upper inner edge of the lower collar 148, the strips (chains, strings, pearls, etc.) with hanging devices 157 are hung from the attachment points 155 corresponding to the left and right positions. Etc.) 156, 156 are provided, and after the suit is worn, it is lifted like a phantom line, and both hooks (magnets are also possible) 157, 157 are joined together to form a strip that hangs in one piece. It can also be configured to wear such a hanging article .

FIG. 37 is an additional proposal example, and the crossover 162 is mounted so that the upper edge 162a is close to the front neck skirt 163 so as to extend between the left and right sides of the lower arm 161, 161 of the cool suit 160. It becomes. The transfer cloth 162 is made of a breathable fabric having a substantially inverted triangle, with the center portion appearing between the left and right lower ridges 161 and 161. As in the case of 162 ', the transfer place 162 may have a long shape that hangs down sufficiently. The delivery place 162 may be detachable or sewn with a fastening tool 164 (including a hook-and-loop fastener) 164...

On the other hand, the side edge on the right side can be attached to and detached from the lower eyelid 161 side with a single touch by a detaching tool 165 constituting a pair of hook-and-loop fasteners together with the lower eyelid 161 side. The center upper part of the transfer place 162 is slightly higher, and a tie-like (neckerchief-like is also possible) 166 is directly dyed downward from the place. The color and pattern of the delivery place 162 can be freely changed to other ones, and ones with different patterns can be used upside down. A separate tie may be detachably attached to the transfer place 162. In this case, the accessory such as a tie may be detachable from the transfer place 162 with a hook-and-loop fastener or the like, or may be detachable .

The top view of the facility for evacuation which shows one Embodiment of this invention. The side view of FIG. The side view which shows other embodiment. The perspective view which shows other embodiment. The top view which shows other embodiment. The side view which shows other embodiment. The top view which shows other embodiment. The side view which shows other embodiment. The perspective view which shows the construction point of the facility for evacuation of FIG. The side view which shows the construction completion figure of FIG. The side sectional view showing other embodiments. The top view which shows other embodiment. The side view which shows other embodiment. The side view which shows other embodiment. The top view which shows other embodiment. The top view which shows other embodiment. The top view which shows other embodiment. The longitudinal cross-sectional side view of FIG. The top view of embodiment of FIG. The left view of FIG. The schematic plan view which shows other embodiment. The perspective view which shows other embodiment. The perspective view which shows other embodiment. The perspective view which shows other embodiment. The enlarged plan view which shows other embodiment. The top view which shows other embodiment. The top view which shows other embodiment. The top view which shows other embodiment. The side view of FIG. The top view which shows other embodiment. The perspective view which shows other embodiment. The perspective view which shows other embodiment. The front view which shows the additional example of a proposal. The perspective view which shows the other additional example. The front view which shows another addition example. The arrow C view of FIG. The front view which shows another addition example .

Explanation of symbols

1 ... Ground 2 ... Artificial hill 3 ... Evacuation site 6 ... Ascent / descent means .

Claims (2)

Using earth and sand, rocks, heavy envelops, wood, steel frames, concrete, waste materials, etc. alone or in appropriate combination, they are built to rise above the ground level to exceed the estimated tsunami height of the installation area and on the upper surface Artificial hills where evacuation sites are set up and can be climbed by means of climbing from the ground level are deployed at multiple locations, and the evacuation sites of these artificial hills can be visited and used as evacuation spaces. Evacuation facilities for tsunamis that are in contact . The upper surface of an artificial hill constructed to rise above the ground level to exceed the estimated tsunami height of the installation area using earth and sand, rocks, heavy envelops, wood, steel frames, concrete, waste materials, etc. alone or in combination as appropriate The lower evacuation site was set, and the artificial hill was provided with climbing means that allowed climbing to the lower evacuation site from the ground level. The upper evacuation site was supported by the artificial hill. A facility for evacuation against a tsunami or the like that is provided so as to be higher than the lower evacuation site through a support column erected on an artificial hill in a state .

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