JP4705413B2 - Welding and joining method of railcar outer plate and accessory and its side structure - Google Patents

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for welding and joining a rail vehicle outer plate and ancillary objects, and more particularly, a railway for welding and joining an outer plate and incidental objects such as bones, opening frames, and opening frame materials for the purpose of reinforcing and interior / exterior thereof. The present invention relates to a vehicle outer plate / attachment welding joining method and a side structure formed thereby.

  An outer plate reinforcement structure for a railway vehicle that reinforces the outer plate by applying bones arranged vertically and horizontally to the inner surface of the outer plate to weld the outer plate is already known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). 6 (a) and 6 (b) are also known in which longitudinal and lateral bones b and c are arranged and welded to the outer plate a. These are welded by spot welding as shown in FIG. However, spot welding is performed by applying a load of 1 ton, so that the impression appears on the outer surface and the appearance is poor, and it takes time and effort to join, so that the cost is increased and the load is large and large. Further, the equipment cost is high, such as the need for an expensive copper electrode board d.

Therefore, it is also known that welding is performed by laser welding as shown in FIG. 7B (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-30414 Japanese Patent No. 2844399

  By the way, the present inventor has conducted various experiments and examinations for practical application of laser welding in a stainless steel body to weld and join the outer plate and its accessories, as shown in FIG. When the bones b and c are applied to the inner surface of the steel plate and laser welding is performed in the direction of the arrow f by the laser beam e irradiated from the inside, a linear mark g along the laser welding line may appear on the outer surface of the outer plate a. It was. This is because, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), in the laser welding, the melted portion of the joint h becomes shallow on the outer plate a side, and a high coagulation force acts on the bones b and c side. This is because the outer plate a having a thickness of about 5 to 3 mm and the bones b and c having a thickness of about 1 to 2.5 mm are slightly bent along the laser welding line. This was conspicuous in a specific case in terms of a polishing eye j which is a type of makeup that makes scratches and dirt inconspicuous as shown in FIG. This particular case was found to be a case where the laser welding line intersects the polishing line j, and when laser welding was performed so that the laser welding line was along the polishing line j, it was completely inconspicuous. Such a tendency seems to be the same for other metal plates such as aluminum.

  Therefore, the one described in Patent Document 1 is such that the vertical and horizontal bones are laser-welded to the outer plate, and the linear scar g on the decorative surface as described above cannot be completely eliminated, or the horizontal bones are oriented vertically. In consideration of the fact that it cannot be continuously welded because it is divided by the bones of the railway, it adopts an outer plate with polished eyes in a specific direction, which is advantageous in terms of appearance, workability, and costs. We realized the joining method and the side structure.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for welding outer plates and incidental parts of a railway vehicle, which is advantageous in terms of appearance, workability, and cost, and a side structure using the method, as a result of the inventor's earnest efforts as described above. Is.

In order to achieve the above-described problems, the method of welding and joining a rail vehicle outer plate / attachment according to the present invention is a bone, an opening frame, or an opening frame material for the purpose of reinforcing the outer plate and its interior or exterior. A rail vehicle outer plate / appendix weld welding method for welding and joining an accessory of a vehicle, except for an outer plate having a polished surface in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and a window or an opening area of an entrance / exit in the vehicle. The overlapping part of the lateral bone flange having a hat-shaped cross-section as an accessory attached so as to be continuous in the longitudinal direction of the outer surface of the outer plate of the outer surface is aligned and aligned in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Welded by laser welding from the inside in the direction along the edge, and at the end of the outer plate, the window or the opening of the doorway, the vertical bone is straddled across this outer plate and the end of the lateral bone them There are rely on both sides of the flanges individually passing from the inside, the opening The opening frame or purchase against the opening frame member of the associated object to the outside of the opening edge, which skins, bones vertical, the overlapping portion of the opening frame or opening frame member, the outer surface opening frame or opening A longitudinal bone that straddles the outer plate and the end of the lateral bone, and is welded by laser welding from the inside along the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal bone so as to follow the direction of the polishing eye of the frame member ; The overlapped portion with the end portion of the bone in the horizontal direction is mainly characterized by welding and joining by one of plug welding, spot welding, and laser welding.

In such a configuration, for example, the bone that is one of the accessory is applied to the inner surface of the outer plate and the outer plate becomes the outer surface, and the welding is performed. The frame material is applied to the outer surface of the outer plate, and the welding is performed with the opening frame, and the opening frame material becomes the outer surface. When welding and joining, laser welding is performed in a direction along the polishing surface on the outer surface of the outer plate and the accessory, so that there are noticeable line marks along the laser welding on the outer surface. By avoiding this, laser welding can be put to practical use for welding the outer plate and the accessory. In addition , at the end and opening of the outer plate,
To avoid the so noticeable linear scratches along the laser welding to the outer surface, the outer plate, bone vertical, opening frame or be laser welded to only welding laser welding from the inner opening frame member Can do. Moreover, the end portion and the vertical bone lateral bone and a hat-type, without affecting plug welding welding marks to the exterior surface, spot welding, any orientation of the laser welding, welded joint by Neu deviation be able to. In particular, the longitudinal orientation of the lateral bone ends welded to the skin and the skin
The bone is continuously welded to both sides of the bone by welding across the bone.
The entire end of the lateral bone has a welded joint structure to the skin while allowing laser welding.
Underneath the vertical bones, they overlap with each other in terms of their material dynamics and are welded to the skin.
Because it is welded and joined to the vertical bone, the end of the horizontal bone is increased while increasing the joint strength of the vertical and horizontal bones.
It is possible to prevent stress from concentrating on the part.

  Further objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and drawings. Each feature of the present invention can be used alone or in combination in various combinations as much as possible.

According to the method of joining a railcar outer plate / attachment of the present invention, the outer plate and the processing frame or the accessory including the opening frame material and the laser welding to be performed from the inside in the overlapping portion, the outer surface of the outer plate and the accessory This is done in a direction along the polishing eye on the surface on the side to avoid the formation of conspicuous linear marks on the outer surface along the laser welding, and the outer plate and the accessory are welded and joined by laser welding. Therefore, workability is improved by the amount that laser welding can be adopted without damaging the appearance, and costs are reduced. In particular, melt on the outer plate
Welding and joining both the ends of the laterally bonded bone and the outer plate across the longitudinal bone
Allows lateral laser welding to the lateral bone skin, while
The entire end of the bone bone has a welded joint structure to the skin, and both material mechanical under the longitudinal bone
Because it is overlapped with a three-dimensional shape and welded to the vertical bone welded to the outer plate
To prevent stress from concentrating on the ends of bones in the horizontal direction while increasing the strength of joints in the vertical and horizontal bones
Can do.

  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS For the understanding of the present invention, an embodiment relating to a method of joining a railcar outer plate / attachment welding and a side structure according to the embodiment will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.

  In the present embodiment, the side structure 41 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is manufactured, and the stainless steel outer plate 3 as shown in FIG. This is an example of welding and joining stainless steel open frames and open frame members 42a and 43a as a kind of exterior members provided at the opening edges of the doors 42 and windows 43. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to any part of the structure having the outer plate 3 of the railway vehicle and the accessory attached thereto by welding. Also, the material is not particularly limited to stainless steel.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the bones 1 and 2 which are one of the accessories are applied to the inner surface of the outer plate 3, and the outer plate 3 becomes the outer surface, and welding joining is performed. The opening frame and the opening frame members 42a and 43a are applied to the outer surface of the outer plate 3, and the welding is performed with the opening frame and the opening frame members 42a and 43a serving as the outer surface. From this relationship, in the present embodiment, the outer plate 3 and the accompanying objects such as the bones 1 and 2 and the opening frame and the opening frame members 42a and 43a for the purpose of reinforcing and interior / exterior thereof are shown in FIGS. In order to weld and join at the weld joints 4, 5, and 45 shown in FIG. Each part is laser welded in a direction along the polishing line aligned in one direction on the surface exposed on the outer surface of the outer plate 3 and the additional objects 1, 2, 42a, 43a, and the outer plate 3 and the additional object 1 2, 42a, 43a are welded together. A YAG laser is suitable for the laser beam with respect to the stainless steel material. However, it is not limited to this.

  In this way, the outer plate 3 is attached to the bones 1, 2, the opening frame, and the opening frame members 42 a and 43 a, and the outer plate 3 is welded and joined by laser welding from the inside of the overlapped portion. And the bones 1 and 2 which are incidental materials, the opening frame, and the opening frame members 42a and 43a. Therefore, laser welding can be put into practical use for welding and joining the outer plate 3 and the bones 1 and 2, the opening frame, and the opening frame members 42 a and 43 a which are incidental objects. Therefore, the outer plate 3 and the accompanying bones 1 and 2, the opening frame, the opening frame members 42 a and 43 a, and the laser welding line from the inside in the overlapped portion are on the polishing surface on the outer surface. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the formation of a conspicuous linear mark along the laser welding on the outer surface, and the outer plate 3 and the accompanying bones 1 and 2, the opening frame, and the opening frame material 42a by laser welding. 43a and 43a are welded together, and workability is improved by the amount that laser welding can be employed without impairing the appearance, and costs are reduced. The penetration depth t into the outer plate 3 in laser welding is preferably 0.1 mm to about 50% of the thickness of the outer plate 3 from the viewpoint of the bonding strength and the appearance of the outer plate 3.

  In the present embodiment, in particular, the outer plate 3 employs a polished surface facing the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and is applied to the inner surface of the outer plate 3 sideways as shown in FIGS. The bone 2 is welded by laser welding as indicated by a weld joint 5 continuous in the longitudinal direction of the bone 2. In this way, by setting the direction of the polishing eye of the outer plate 3 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, a large number of long lateral bones 2 are employed as shown in FIG. Contributes to securing structure strength. That is, it is possible to contribute to securing necessary structural strength while further improving the workability and cost reduction by increasing the adoption rate of the long transverse bone 2 and continuous laser welding along the bone.

  On the other hand, the outer plate 3 and the bone 1 vertically applied to the inner surface of the outer plate 3 are welded by spot welding as indicated by a welded joint 4 in the drawing. Thereby, in order to weld and join the longitudinal bone 1 to the outer plate 3 in which the direction of the grinding eye is set to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, the welding along the longitudinal bone 2 is adopted by adopting the welding joint by spot welding. While avoiding the occurrence of conspicuous linear traces that intersect with the polished eyes by laser welding, it is possible to reduce the length of the bones 1 by the amount of the transverse bones 2 and to secure the necessary structure strength.

  On the other hand, the vertical bone 1 and the horizontal bone 2 are welded together by plug welding, spot welding, or laser welding as indicated by a welded joint 6. Thereby, the vertical and horizontal bones 1 and 2 can be welded together by various welding without affecting the outer plate 3 and the appearance, and the joint strength can be increased.

  By the outer plate / accompanying object welding joining method as described above, the outer plate 3 having an abrasive line facing the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and the bone 2 applied laterally to the inner surface of the outer plate 3 are The outer plate 3 and the bone 1 vertically applied to the inner surface of the outer plate 3 are joined by a spot welded weld joint 4. The outer plate 3 and an opening frame or opening frame member having an outer circumferential surface along the longitudinal direction on the outer surface of the outer plate 3 applied to the outer surface of the opening / closing opening 42 or window 43 of the outer plate 3, that is, along the circumferential direction. 42a and 43a are joined to each other by a welded joint 45 laser welded in the longitudinal direction of the opening frame and the opening frame members 42a and 43a. Thus, it can be provided with good appearance and low cost with sufficient structure strength. As a standard work procedure for the side structure 41, an opening frame 43a is applied to the opening edge of the window 43 on the outer surface of the outer plate 3 having an opening of the window 43 and having a size corresponding to the entrance / exit 42. After welding and joining, the longitudinal and lateral bones 1 and 2 are arranged on the inner surface of the outer plate 3 and welded together, and further, the reinforcing material 46 is arranged and welded and joined individually. The opening frame member 42a is applied to the end portion to be welded and joined to make the length of one car.

  The side structure 41 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is passed through the inner surface of the portion excluding the window 43 and the entrance / exit 42 of the outer plate 3 as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (d). The vertical bones 1 are arranged along the windows 43 of the outer plate 3 and the openings and sides of the entrance / exit 42, along the ends (not shown) of the outer plate 3, and are arranged vertically. Between the bones 1 facing each other, a longitudinal reinforcing material 46 is passed from the inside to the lateral bone 2 and joined by a weld joint 47 of any one of stopper plug welding, spot welding and laser welding. As a result, the surface area through which the transverse bone 2 can pass is arranged in preference to the longitudinal bone 1 to avoid the division of the transverse bone 2 by the longitudinal bone 1 to ensure the continuity of laser welding. However, the vertical bone 1 that is extremely reduced, and the reinforcing material 46 welded and joined by various welding without affecting the outer plate 3 and the appearance, passing vertically to the horizontal bone 2 between the vertical bones 1. The necessary structural strength can be secured. In particular, the reinforcing material is not welded to the outer plate and can be increased in strength against out-of-plane deformation due to the in-plane shear force of the outer plate in a floating state without contact. For this purpose, as shown in the figure, the transverse bone 2 has a hat-shaped cross section, the flanges 2b on both sides thereof are welded to the outer plate 3, and the longitudinal reinforcement 46 has a hat-shaped cross section. It is preferable to have a notch 46b that fits behind the flange 2b of the sideways bone 2 so that the flange 2b of the sideways bone 2 hits its own flange 46a and is welded to the flange 2b.

  It should be noted that in the portion where the longitudinal bone 1 competes with the lateral bone 2 which is continuously passed through in preference to this, the longitudinal bone 1 is divided and arranged, but with respect to the outer plate 3 In addition, spot welding that does not require continuity is not a problem in terms of workability.

  For the laser welding as described above, for example, laser welding equipment as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is used. As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the laser welding equipment includes a welding work part 11 and left and right jig carts 13 and 14 that run on rails 12 extending left and right from the welding work part 11. The left and right jig trolleys 13 support the outer plate 3 constituting the structure of the body, roof, wife, etc., and alternately enter the welding work section 11, and the supporting outer plate 3 is vertically and horizontally supported by the outer plate 3. It repeats that it uses for laser welding with the bones 1 and 2 to arrange | position, and whenever it leaves from the welding operation part 11, the structure manufactured by welding is removed and it replaces | exchanges for the new outer plate | board 3. The welding work unit 11 has a gate-type work leg 16 that runs on a rail 15. The work leg 16 supports, for example, a multi-joint robot 17 having about 5 joints, and laser welds the bones 1 and 2 arranged vertically and horizontally on the outer plate 3 on the jig carriage 13 that has entered the welding work unit 11. For this laser welding, the articulated robot 17 has a laser torch 18 at the tip of the robot arm as shown in FIG. 3, and laser light is supplied from the laser oscillation device 19 with a cooling mechanism through the optical fiber by the laser torch 18 and welding is performed. A predetermined laser welding is performed by irradiating the joint with laser. For this laser welding, the welding work unit 11 has pressurizing mechanisms 21 at two left and right sides thereof, and the outer plates on the jig carriages 13 and 14 that have entered the welding work unit 11 and the bones arranged vertically and horizontally thereto. 1 and 2 are pressed and supported at predetermined positions from above to prepare for laser welding. The pressure mechanism 21 supports two pressure rods 24 on the left and right sides of a gate-shaped support leg 23 that runs on the rail 22, and performs the pressure support by the pressure rods 24 on the left and right sides. . These laser welding operations are performed with the cooperative operation control of the robot system control device 31 and the jig system control device 32.

  In addition, the end 2a of one bone 2 in the bones 1 and 2 arranged vertically and horizontally is welded to the outer plate 3 so as to face the side surface of the other bone 1 as shown in FIGS. In order to reinforce the outer plate 3, as shown in FIG. 2, the end 2 a of one bone 2 welded to the outer plate 3 with a welded joint 5 and the other bone 1 across the outer plate 3 are applied. In other words, the other bone 1 is welded to both of them by welding joints 6 and 4. In this way, the end 2a of one bone 2 welded and joined to the outer plate 3 and the outer plate 3 are straddled across the other bone 1 and welded to both sides, so that the lateral bone 2 The entire end 2a of one bone 2 has a welded joint structure to the outer plate 3 so that continuous laser welding to the outer plate 3 is allowed, and both material mechanical components are under the other bone 1. Since the three-dimensional shape overlaps and is welded to the other bone 1 welded to the outer plate 3, stress is concentrated on the end 2a of one bone 2 while increasing the joint strength of the vertical and horizontal bones 1 and 2. You can avoid it.

  More specifically, one bone 2 has a hat-shaped cross section as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and is welded and joined by laser welding with both flanges 2b and 2b being applied to the outer plate 3, and the other The bone 1 has a hat-shaped cross section as in the example of FIG. 1 or a hat-shaped cross section as in the example of FIG. 2, and straddles the end 2a of one bone 2 and the outer plate 3, and has flanges on both sides. 1b and 1b are individually applied, and the end 2a of one bone 2 is welded and joined by laser welding, spot welding, or one of the aforementioned plug weldings, and the outer plate 3 is welded and joined by laser welding. ing. As a result, the longitudinal and lateral bones 1 and 2 are joined to the outer plate 3 by laser welding, and the longitudinal and lateral bones 1 and 2 are joined together, joined to the outer plate, and their mechanical shapes are utilized. The joint strength and joint strength can be improved.

  As seen in the side structure 41 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, it is widely adopted in railcars to reinforce the outer plate 3 through the long transverse bone 2 in the longitudinal direction, and the opening of the window 43 and the doorway 42. The number of the ends 2a facing the side portions of the longitudinal bone 1 along the surface is large, and the joint strength between them and the joint strength to the outer plate 3 are likely to be a problem, but the joint strength and joint strength are increased. However, the specific examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are effective. Moreover, the weld joint 4 that is laser-welded continuously along the openings of the window 43 and the doorway 42 is suitable because it is waterproof against intrusion of rainwater and the like from these openings. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the vertical bone 1 along the opening of the window 43 or the entrance / exit 42 is separate from the opening frame or the opening frame members 42a, 43a provided at the opening of the window 43 or the entrance / exit 42. 43a and the bone 1 are individually laser-welded individually. If they are triple-layered including the outer plate 3 and are laser-welded, it takes time to melt from the innermost surface side to the outer plate 3. To avoid having problems. In this case, the line by laser welding of the bone 1 adjacent to the opening frame 43a appears conspicuously so as to be orthogonal to the grinding eye of the outer plate 3 facing the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Can be covered with an opening frame 43a for laser welding. Further, even if it is not covered, it is not particularly noticeable if it is positioned at the opening frame 43a. The relationship between the opening frame member 42a and the bone 1 is laser-welded from the inside in a state where the three overlaps due to space problems. However, spot welding can also be employed to simplify the joining. Further, the joint strength and joint strength can be improved even with a simple structure in which the bone 1 and the opening frame and the opening frame members 42a and 43a are formed as a common member integrally formed.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be practically used for the outer plate of a railway vehicle and its reinforcement or inner / outer surface by a bone, an opening frame, an opening frame member, etc., and is advantageous in terms of welding work, cost, strength, aesthetics, and the like.

The front view and sectional drawing from the inner surface side which show one example of the joining structure of the outer plate applied to the side structure of the railway vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention, the bone and the opening frame arranged vertically and horizontally, and the opening frame material It is. It is a cross-sectional view between the window of the side structure of FIG. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the laser welding equipment which welds the welding junction part in this Embodiment. It is the top view and front view of the laser welding equipment of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the example of the state of the welding junction part by the laser welding of the outer plate | board and the bone in the past. It is the front view and sectional drawing from the inner surface side which show one example of the joining structure of the outer plate applied to the side structure of the conventional railway vehicle, the bone and the opening frame arranged vertically and horizontally, and the opening frame material. It is sectional drawing which shows the welding joining state of spot welding and laser welding.

Explanation of symbols

1, 2 Bone 1b, 2b Flange 3 Outer plate 4, 5, 6, 45 Welded joint 41 Side structure 42 Entrance / exit 43 Window 42a, 43a Open frame or open frame material

Claims (3)

It is a method of welding and joining a rail vehicle outer plate and ancillary objects by welding the outer plate and bones or aperture frames for the purpose of reinforcing or interior / exterior thereof, and an accessory as an aperture frame material,
Sideways with a hat-shaped cross-section as an accessory attached continuously to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, except for the outer plate having the polished eyes in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and the window or the opening area of the entrance and exit The welded portion of the outer plate with the flange of the bone is welded by laser welding from the inside in a direction along the continuous grinding eye aligned with the longitudinal direction of the outer plate of the outer plate, and the end of the outer plate, the window Or, at the opening of the entrance / exit, the longitudinal bone is straddled across the outer plate and the end of the lateral bone, and the flanges on both sides are individually applied to the outer bone, and the outside of the opening edge of the opening Apply the opening frame or the opening frame material as an accessory to the outer plate, the vertical bone, the overlapping portion of the opening frame or the opening frame material in the direction of the polishing eye of the opening frame or the opening frame material as the outer surface From the inside along the longitudinal direction of the bone The welded portion is welded and joined, and the overlapping portion of the longitudinal bone and the lateral bone end straddling the outer plate and the lateral bone end is one of plug welding, spot welding, and laser welding. A welding method for welding outer plates and incidentals of a railway vehicle, characterized by welding by welding. Between the vertical bones, a cross-section reinforcement with a hat shape higher than that of the horizontal bones is applied to the horizontal bone flange with a notch that fits the back of the horizontal bone flanges. 2. The railcar outer plate according to claim 1, wherein the overlapping portion of the flange of the steel plate and the flange of the longitudinal reinforcing material is welded and joined from the inside by one of plug welding, spot welding, and laser welding. Attached welding method. It is a method of welding and joining a rail vehicle outer plate and ancillary objects by welding the outer plate and bones or aperture frames for the purpose of reinforcing or interior / exterior thereof, and an accessory as an aperture frame material,
Sideways with a hat-shaped cross-section as an accessory attached continuously to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, except for the outer plate having the polished eyes in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and the window or the opening area of the entrance and exit The welded portion of the outer flange of the outer plate is welded and welded from the inside in the direction along the continuous grinding eye aligned with the longitudinal direction of the outer plate of the vehicle, and the opening of the window or the entrance / exit Then, the end of the bone facing sideways, the opening frame or the opening frame member applied as an accessory to the outer surface of the opening edge of the opening of the outer plate, and the end of the side bone, Across the bone ends of the bones, pass the longitudinal bones from the inside, and individually apply the flanges on both sides to them,
The outer plate and the vertical bone overlap portion are welded by laser welding from the inside in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the outer plate, and the vertical direction straddling the outer plate and the lateral bone end. The overlap part of the bone and the end of the side bone is welded and joined by one of plug welding, spot welding, and laser welding, and the overlap part of the outer plate and the opening frame or the opening frame material is the opening that becomes the outer surface. A method for welding and joining a rail vehicle outer plate and accessory, wherein welding is performed by laser welding from the inside in a longitudinal direction of a longitudinal bone so as to follow a direction of a ground line of a frame or an opening frame member.

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