JP4701330B2 - 治療用化合物の同定 - Google Patents
治療用化合物の同定 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4701330B2 JP4701330B2 JP2006505911A JP2006505911A JP4701330B2 JP 4701330 B2 JP4701330 B2 JP 4701330B2 JP 2006505911 A JP2006505911 A JP 2006505911A JP 2006505911 A JP2006505911 A JP 2006505911A JP 4701330 B2 JP4701330 B2 JP 4701330B2
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Description
それゆえ、投与され得るアデノシン受容体アゴニストに最小限の副作用をもたらす必要がある。
i)複数の濃度の標識試験化合物(放射性標識試験化合物を含む)の、組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、破壊された細胞、または細胞に由来する膜に存在するアデノシン受容体との結合;
ii)かかる受容体を生じる組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、破壊された細胞、または細胞に由来する膜を用いた非標識試験化合物とのインキュベーションによる、結合した標識化合物のアデノシン受容体からの解離、
のいずれにより決定されてもよい。標識化合物は、試験化合物、または受容体の選択的リガンドのいずれであってもよい。
i)組織、組織切片、完全な(intact)細胞、または部分的に破壊された細胞におけるcAMP、IP3、および遊離カルシウムを含むシグナル伝達分子の蓄積または減少の測定による、アデノシン受容体作用の決定;
ii)Gタンパク質活性化の測定による(例えば、放射性標識グアニンヌクレオチドの使用による)、あるいは酵素活性(例えば、アデニルシクラーゼ、ホスホジエステラーゼ、ホスホリパーゼ、またはプロテインキナーゼ)の測定による、あるいはアデノシン受容体により活性化されたイオンチャンネル(例えば、カルシウムまたはカリウムチャンネル)を介したイオン流の測定による、試験化合物に応答したアデノシン受容体の活性化の評価するための生体膜の使用;
iii)組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、破壊された細胞、または細胞に由来する膜におけるプロテインキナーゼ活性の測定による、アデノシン受容体活性の決定;
iv)組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、破壊された細胞、または細胞に由来する膜におけるホスホリパーゼ活性(例えば、ホスホリパーゼC、ホスホリパーゼA2、ホスホリパーゼD)の測定による、アデノシン受容体活性の決定;
v)組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、破壊された細胞、または細胞に由来する膜におけるタンパク質リン酸化および脱リン酸化の測定による、アデノシン受容体活性の決定、
のいずれにより決定されてもよい。
の化合物が見出され、これらの多くが、低い方のpHにおいてアデノシン受容体に対してより高い親和性、および/またはアデノシン受容体での作用のより高い有効性を有すると考えられる。
[図面中:
図1は、pH7.4と比較してpH5.5におけるアデノシン受容体A2Aに対する2−メトキシアデノシンの親和性の増大を示す;
図2は、ラットのアデノシンA2A受容体に対する2−メトキシアデノシン(しかし、CGS21680ではない)の親和性が、pHが低下(7.4から7.0、そして6.8)するにつれて増大することを示す;
図3は、pH7.4と比較してpH7.0におけるアデノシンA2A受容体に対する2−メトキシアデノシン(しかし、CGS21680ではない)の有効性の増大を示す;
図4は、2−メトキシアデノシンが、カラギーナン誘発炎症の痛覚過敏作用を阻害することを示す;
図5は、2−メトキシアデノシン(0.624mg/kg、経口)が、血圧または心拍数に対して有意な作用を有さないことを示す;
図6は、神経障害性疼痛の慢性狭窄損傷モデルにおける2−メトキシアデノシンの抗痛覚過敏作用を示す;
図7は、2−メトキシアデノシン(62.4および624μg/kg、腹腔)が、血圧に影響しない濃度で、インドメタシン(3mg/kg、経口)と同等の効果でカラギーナン(CGN)誘発炎症を抑制することを示す;および
図8は、2−メトキシアデノシン(0.6mg/kg)をラットに投与した後の経時血漿濃度変化を示す]
と関連し、例示のみの目的で記載される。
アデノシンA2A受容体に対する2−メトキシアデノシンの親和性は、pHが低減されるにつれて増大する
ラットの線条体膜を、2nM [3H]−CGS21680、1単位/ml アデノシンデアミナーゼ、および増加数濃度の2−メトキシアデノシン(事前に濾過し、液体シンチレーションカウントした)の存在下、22℃にて90分間インキュベーションした。データを、1部位結合曲線、および2部位結合曲線に当てはめた(図1参照):
a)特異的結合の総量をパーセンテージとして表し;
b)高親和性状態における部位の割合を表し;
c)高親和性状態のKiを表し(pH7.4においてN.B. 曲線の傾斜(nH)は、ほぼ一致し、2部位の当てはめのための曲線の当てはめアルゴリズム(the curve fitting algorithm for a two site fit)は、高親和性状態に対する実際の特性を定義できなかった);および
d)低親和性状態のKiを表す。
異なるpHにおけるアデノシンA2A受容体に対する2−メトキシアデノシンとCGS21680の親和性の比較
[3H]−CGS21680結合の置換を、実施例1に記載のように行った。結果(図2に示す)は、ラットアデノシンA2A受容体に対する2−メトキシアデノシン(しかし、CGS21680ではない)の親和性が、pHが低減(7.4から7.0、そして6.8)するのに伴い、増大することを示している。
アデノシンA2A受容体に対する2−メトキシアデノシン(しかし、CGS21680ではない)の有効性は、pH7.4と比較してpH7.0において増大する
ヒトA2A受容体をHEK293細胞で発現させ、cAMP蓄積を刺激するアゴニストの能力を、ホスホジエステラーゼ酵素を阻害するためにロリプラムの存在下で評価した。結果を図3に示す。
2−メトキシアデノシンはカラギーナン誘発炎症の痛覚過敏作用を阻害する
図4は、2−メトキシアデノシンが、カラギーナン誘発炎症の痛覚過敏作用を阻害することを示す:A.2−メトキシアデノシン(0.6mg/kg)は、カラギーナン(CGN)誘発温熱性痛覚過敏(CITH)を、インドメタシン(3mg/kg 経口)に匹敵する効果で阻害する。B.投与後3時間における2−メトキシアデノシンの濃度・応答関係。
2−メトキシアデノシン(0.624mg/kg 経口における)は、血圧または心拍数に対して有意な作用を示さない
移植可能な放射線遠隔測定装置を、1グループ当たり6匹のラットの腹腔にセットした。装置の圧カテーテルを腹大動脈に、そして2本の電極を、リードIIポジション(腹腔/右肩の左側部)の皮膚下に通した。個々のラットを、データ取得のための放射線受容器(DSI)上の各ケージに入れた。次に、血圧に対する0.6mg/kg 2−メトキシアデノシン、またはビークルの作用を評価した。結果を図5(A:血圧;B:心拍数)に示す。
神経障害性疼痛の慢性狭窄損傷モデルにおける2−メトキシアデノシンの抗痛覚過敏作用
2−メトキシアデノシン(0.624mg/kg 経口)は、ラット座骨神経の慢性狭窄損傷により引き起こされる温熱性痛覚過敏を阻害する。麻酔下で、右足の座骨神経を露出させ、4本の緩い結紮糸を神経束の周りに結んだ。およそ2週間後、ラットは、手術した足に温熱性痛覚過敏を発症し、これは右足と左足の足を引っ込めるまでの時間の差により判断した。2−メトキシアデノシンの投与は痛覚過敏を低減し、これは、引っ込めるまでの時間の差の低減により示された。2−メトキシアデノシンは、カルバマゼピン(CBZ,100mg/kg 皮下注射)と同等、あるいはそれより有効であった。結果を図6に示す。
2−メトキシアデノシン(62.4および624μg/kg 腹腔)は、血圧に影響しない濃度にて、カラギーナン(CGN)誘発炎症を、インドメタシン(3mg/kg,経口)に匹敵する効果で阻害する
カラギーナン(2%,10マイクロタイター)を、右の後足に投与し、足の体積を体積変動測定法により評価した。2−メトキシアデノシンをカラギーナンと同時に投与した。結果を図7に示す。2−メトキシアデノシンは、インドメタシン(Indo,3mg/kg 経口)と同等に有効であった。
2−メトキシアデノシン(0.6mg/kg)のラットへの投与後の経時的血漿濃度変化
アデノシン受容体での2−メトキシアデノシンのEC50値(pH7.4において測定
)は、900ng/ml(3μM)であった。図8より、血漿濃度は、3時間より長い間EC50値の2%より上を保つとみることができる。抗炎症作用および抗痛覚過敏作用を、最高血漿濃度が、インビトロで決定したEC50値の1%と30%の間にあるときに観察した(血圧変化はない)。最高血漿濃度がEC50値に達すると、血圧の著しい低下が何時間も続く。
低い方のpHにおけるアデノシン受容体アゴニストの増大した親和性は、対応するGTPシフトの増大と関連しており、これは、これらのアゴニストが、低い方のpHにおいてより効き目があることを示唆している。これらの結果を以下に概略する。
化合物は、低い方のpHにおいてアデノシンA2A受容体に対してより高い親和性を有することが見出された
以下に挙げる化合物は、pH7.2よりpH5.5においてアデノシンA2A受容体に対してより高い親和性を有することが見出された。A2A受容体結合アッセイを、[3H]−CGS21680を用いて行い、実施例1に記載のように分析した。pH5.5にて検出した高親和性結合部位および低親和性結合部位のKi値、およびpH7.4にて検出した該部位のKiを示す。
Claims (29)
- アデノシンA2A受容体の活性化により介在される疾患または状態の予防、処置、または改善のための可能性のある治療剤を同定する方法であって、少なくとも7.4の高い方のpH、およびまたpH5.5から7.2、または5.0から7.0の低い方のpHにおけるアデノシンA2A受容体に対する試験化合物の親和性を決定し、次に、低い方のpHにおける親和性が高い方のpHにおける親和性よりも10倍を超えて高い場合、化合物を該剤として同定する、を含む方法。
- 試験化合物の親和性の決定が、異なる濃度の標識化合物の受容体との結合を測定することを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 試験化合物の親和性の決定が、結合した標識化合物のアデノシンA2A受容体からの非標識試験化合物による置換を測定することを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- アデノシンA2A受容体が、組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、破壊された細胞、または細胞に由来する膜にある、請求項1から3のいずれか記載の方法。
- アデノシンA2A受容体の活性化により介在される疾患または状態の予防、処置、または改善のための可能性のある治療剤を同定する方法であって、少なくとも7.4の高い方のpH、およびまた5.5から7.2、または5.0から7.0の低い方のpHにおけるアデノシンA2A受容体での試験化合物の作用の有効性を決定し、次に、低い方のpHにおける有効性が高い方のpHにおける有効性よりも10倍を超えて高い場合、化合物を該剤として同定する、を含む方法。
- 試験化合物の作用の有効性の決定が、試験化合物を、アデノシンA2A受容体を含む組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、または部分的に破壊された細胞と接触させ、次に、組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、または部分的に破壊された細胞におけるシグナル伝達分子の蓄積または減少を測定することによりアデノシンA2A受容体の作用を決定する、を含む請求項5記載の方法。
- シグナル伝達分子がcAMP、IP3、または遊離カルシウムである、請求項6記載の方法。
- 試験化合物の作用の有効性の決定が、試験化合物を、アデノシンA2A受容体を含む生体膜と接触させ、次に、アデノシンA2A受容体作用を、Gタンパク質の活性化;酵素活性;または生体膜と関連するイオンチャンネルを介したイオン流を測定することにより決定する、を含む請求項5記載の方法。
- Gタンパク質の活性化が、放射性標識グアニンヌクレオチドを用いて測定されるか、あるいは測定される酵素活性が、アデニルシクラーゼ、ホスホジエステラーゼ、ホスホリパーゼ、またはプロテインキナーゼ活性であるか、あるいはイオン流が測定されるイオンチャンネルがカルシウムまたはカリウムチャンネルである、請求項8記載の方法。
- 試験化合物の作用の有効性の決定が、試験化合物を、アデノシンA2A受容体を含む組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、破壊された細胞、または細胞に由来する膜と接触させ、次に、アデノシンA2A受容体作用を、組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、破壊された細胞、または細胞に由来する膜におけるプロテインキナーゼ活性を測定することにより決定する、を含む請求項5記載の方法。
- 試験化合物の作用の有効性の決定が、試験化合物を、アデノシンA2A受容体を含む組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、破壊された細胞、または細胞に由来する膜と接触させ、次に、アデノシンA2A受容体作用を、組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、破壊された細胞、または細胞に由来する膜におけるホスホリパーゼ活性を測定することにより決定する、を含む請求項5記載の方法。
- ホスホリパーゼ活性が、ホスホリパーゼC、ホスホリパーゼA2またはホスホリパーゼDの活性である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 試験化合物の作用の有効性の決定が、試験化合物を、アデノシンA2A受容体を含む組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、破壊された細胞、または細胞に由来する膜と接触させ、次に、アデノシンA2A受容体作用を、組織、組織切片、完全な細胞、破壊された細胞、または細胞に由来する膜におけるタンパク質リン酸化および/または脱リン酸化を測定することにより決定する、を含む請求項5記載の方法。
- 低い方のpHが5.5から6.5である、請求項1から13のいずれか記載の方法。
- 低い方のpHが5.5から6.2である、請求項1から13のいずれか記載の方法。
- 同定された剤が治療効果を有するか否かを決定することをさらに含む、請求項1から15のいずれか記載の方法。
- 非ヒト動物モデルを用いて、同定された剤が治療効果を有するか否かが決定される、請求項16記載の方法。
- 同定された剤が疼痛または炎症に対する治療効果を有するか否かが決定される、請求項16または17記載の方法。
- 同定された剤が、癌、虚血・再灌流損傷、過剰神経活性、敗血症、敗血性ショック、神経変性(アルツハイマー病を含む)、筋疲労、または筋痙攣に対する治療効果を有するか否かが決定される、請求項16から18のいずれか記載の方法。
- 過剰神経活性が、てんかん、または炎症性疼痛および神経障害性疼痛を含む慢性疼痛または痛覚過敏におけるものである、請求項19記載の方法。
- 同定された剤が、関節炎、喘息、乾癬、腸炎、関節リウマチ、過敏性腸症候群、または骨関節炎に対する治療効果を有するか否かが決定される、請求項16から20のいずれか記載の方法。
- 同定された剤が、腸の疼痛、背中の疼痛、癌性疼痛、HIV性疼痛、幻肢痛、術後疼痛、糖尿病性神経障害、多発性神経障害、疱疹後神経痛、または三叉神経痛を含む、神経障害の結果として引き起こされる痛覚過敏に対する治療効果を有するか否かが決定される、請求項16から20のいずれか記載の方法。
- 同定された剤が、腸の疼痛、背中の疼痛、癌性疼痛、線維筋痛、術後疼痛、骨関節炎、または関節リウマチを含む、炎症性疾患の結果として引き起こされる痛覚過敏に対する治療効果を有するか否かが決定される、請求項16から20のいずれか記載の方法。
- 同定された剤の治療効果が、pH7.4におけるアデノシンA2A受容体での剤のEC50値より低い濃度で決定される、請求項16から23のいずれか記載の方法。
- 同定された剤の治療効果が、pH7.4におけるアデノシンA2A受容体での剤のEC50値の1万分の1から5分の1の濃度で決定される、請求項16から24のいずれか記載の方法。
- アデノシンA2A受容体の活性化により介在される疾患または状態の予防、処置、または改善のための可能性のある治療剤を同定する方法であって、試験化合物を、単離された病理組織、細胞、または膜、および対応する単離された正常組織、細胞、または膜のアデノシンA2A受容体と、pH7.4におけるアデノシンA2A受容体での試験化合物のEC50値より低い濃度で接触させ、次に、正常組織と病理組織との間で、試験化合物との接触に応答したアデノシンA2A受容体の作用に差があるか否かを決定する、を含む方法。
- 試験化合物が、アデノシンA2A受容体のアゴニストであり、かつ試験化合物に応答したアデノシンA2A受容体の作用が、正常組織より病理組織において高い場合、試験化合物が可能性のある治療剤として同定される、請求項26記載の方法。
- 病理組織が上皮組織を含む、請求項26または27記載の方法。
- 乾癬、喘息、またはCOPDを処置するための可能性のある治療剤を同定するための、請求項28記載の方法。
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GB0228723D0 (en) | 2002-12-09 | 2003-01-15 | Cambridge Biotechnology Ltd | Treatment of pain |
GB0305149D0 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2003-04-09 | Cambridge Biotechnology Ltd | Compounds for the treatment of pain |
GB0305150D0 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2003-04-09 | Cambridge Biotechnology Ltd | Use of therapeutic compounds |
BRPI0508488A (pt) * | 2004-03-05 | 2007-07-31 | Cambridge Biotechnology Ltd | compostos terapêuticos |
AR049384A1 (es) | 2004-05-24 | 2006-07-26 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Derivados de purina |
GB0514809D0 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2005-08-24 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Compounds |
CN101330909B (zh) * | 2005-11-30 | 2012-09-26 | 坎-菲特生物药物有限公司 | A3腺苷受体激动剂在制备治疗骨关节炎的药物中的应用 |
AU2007263728A1 (en) | 2006-06-27 | 2008-01-03 | Biovitrum Ab (Publ) | Adenosine derivatives for the treatment of pain |
EP2081932A2 (en) | 2006-06-27 | 2009-07-29 | BIOVITRUM AB (publ) | 2-o'-methyladenosine derivatives and their use as agonists or antagonists of an adenosine receptor |
EP2613277A1 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2013-07-10 | MathPharm GmbH | Method and system for indentifying compounds that bind and preferably activate a target opioid receptor in a pH-dependent manner |
US10441541B2 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2019-10-15 | New York University | Methods and compositions for treating osteoarthritis and promoting cartilage formation |
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JPS5461194A (en) * | 1977-10-21 | 1979-05-17 | Takeda Chem Ind Ltd | Preparation of n22substituted 2*66diaminonebularin |
US4705758A (en) * | 1984-06-19 | 1987-11-10 | Warner-Lambert Company | Adenosine receptor assay and kit |
US5104859A (en) * | 1985-09-24 | 1992-04-14 | Solimedco Aktiebolag | Continuous administration of adenosine to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance |
US5231086A (en) * | 1985-09-24 | 1993-07-27 | Item Development Aktiebolag | Continuous administration adenosine to increase myocardial blood flow |
US5310732A (en) * | 1986-02-03 | 1994-05-10 | The Scripps Research Institute | 2-halo-2'-deoxyadenosines in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis |
US5140015A (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1992-08-18 | Whitby Research, Inc. | 2-aralkoxy and 2-alkoxy adenosine derivatives as coronary vasodilators and antihypertensive agents |
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US6180616B1 (en) * | 1990-05-10 | 2001-01-30 | Atsuo F. Fukunaga | Use of purine receptor agonists to alleviate or normalize physiopathologically excited sensory nerve function |
US5677290A (en) * | 1990-05-10 | 1997-10-14 | Fukunaga; Atsuo F. | Therapeutic use of adenosine compounds as surgical anesthetics |
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