JP4675571B2 - Method and apparatus for crushing brittle materials - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and apparatus belonging to the technical field for crushing brittle materials, and more specifically, crushing processing suitable for recycling those that can be used effectively from unnecessary brittle materials, defective brittle materials, waste brittle materials, etc. The present invention relates to a method and a crushing processing apparatus.

  Technological development to recycle unnecessary items (unused items) and waste is being actively promoted from the viewpoint of resource conservation and environmental pollution prevention. Research on zero emissions, recycling, and reuse is also active for brittle materials (including hard brittle materials) that have poor deformability until failure.

  As is well known for brittle materials, when the external force (or deformation) reaches a predetermined value, the strength suddenly decreases and brittle fracture occurs. There are a wide variety of such brittle materials. Most of the brittle materials that are disposed of are shells, shellfish shells, eggshells, fish bones, animal bones, dry matter, unnecessary glass, unnecessary glass, unnecessary semiconductors, deteriorated concrete, soil blocks, clay blocks, and weathering. Rocks, pelitic rocks, and poor mineral crystals. For example, when such a brittle material is processed into powder by crushing, it becomes a valuable material that can be used in various fields such as civil engineering, construction, machinery, agriculture, water treatment, food, medicine, and mineral resources. Some of these are already in practical use.

  As for the crushing processing means for brittle materials, it is promising in terms of processing capability that uses the energy of the rotating body as crushing energy. This is because a brittle material can be continuously crushed by simply rotating the rotating body. Furthermore, there are vertical and horizontal types of rotary crushing means. In the vertical type, a horizontal rotating body such as a cutter, a hammer, a blade, and a rotor is mounted radially and vertically in a plurality of stages around a vertical rotation axis in a vertical cylindrical container. In the horizontal type, vertical rotating bodies such as cutters, hammers, blades, and rotors are attached radially and horizontally in a plurality of rows around a horizontal rotation axis in a horizontal container. Among both types, the vertical type that hits a brittle material that falls vertically by its own weight with a horizontal rotating body has a large shearing action on the workpiece. In contrast, a horizontal type that hits a brittle material that falls vertically with a vertical rotating body is less likely to cause a shearing action on the workpiece. Therefore, unless there are special circumstances, it can be said that it is preferable to use a vertical rotary crushing treatment means having a large shearing action.

  One of vertical rotary crushing techniques is disclosed in Patent Document 1. This is a structure in which a large number of striking chains are attached in a radial and multi-stage manner to a vertical rotation shaft provided at the center of a vertical crushing container. When the technique of Patent Document 1 is used, a large number of multi-stage striking chains are horizontally floated and rotated at a high speed rotation of a rotating shaft, and then an object to be crushed is put into the container from the upper part of the crushing container. Crush and blow. It seems as if high crushing efficiency can be expected when crushing the object to be crushed with this radial and multistage striking chain. However, when a brittle material is crushed by the technique of Patent Document 1, it is difficult to obtain fine and uniform crushed particles because the crushing energy does not match the brittle material. Incidentally, when the crushing energy of the striking chain is too large, the brittle material is crushed into large and small fragments, and uniform crushed particles cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the crushing energy of the striking chain is small, the brittle material is only broken into a relatively small number of fragments, so that crushed particles cannot be obtained. This is largely due to the striking chain that is difficult to break apart. The monotonous crushing action at each stage also makes it difficult to finely crush brittle materials.

On the other hand, the crushing technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 is provided with a crushing section provided in the casing from the upper supply port to the lower discharge port. And the crushing part in this case is comprised mainly by the roughing rotary blade close | similar to a supply port, and the radial and multistage hammer arrange | positioned under it. Therefore, in the literature technique provided with different crushing tools such as a hammer and a blade, fine crushing can be performed accordingly. However, the technology of Patent Document 2 that uses a mixture of fluid substances, massive substances, fibers, etc. as the object of crushing is also a technical consideration when crushing brittle materials such as shells to the granular material level. Since it lacks, it is difficult to efficiently and uniformly pulverize brittle materials.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-246178 JP 2003-275607 A

  In view of such technical problems, the present invention provides a brittle material crushing treatment method and a crushing treatment device capable of satisfying the high quality, high production capacity, workability, economy, versatility, etc. of the crushed material. It is something to try.

The brittle material crushing method and the brittle material crushing apparatus according to the present invention are characterized by the following problem solving means (01) to (03) in order to achieve the intended purpose.
(01) When the inside of a vertical cylindrical processing container having an inlet at the top and an outlet at the bottom is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part in the processing container is Generates one or more selected from the horizontal rotary crushing energy for splitting, the horizontal rotary crushing energy for middle splitting by the horizontal rotary crushing tool, and the horizontal rotary hitting crushing energy for splitting by the horizontal rotary crushing tool. In the lower part of the processing container in synchronization with the rotary crushing energy for crushing by the fixed crusher and the rotary crusher, and
One or more of large, medium, and small pieces of brittle material that is thrown into the upper part of the processing container from the container inlet and falls to the lower part of the processing container. Applying a horizontal rotary impact crushing energy to the brittle material to crush the brittle material, and
The brittle material after being crushed at the upper part in the processing container is placed on the turntable below it and dropped from the outer periphery of the turntable to the lower part in the processing container, and
While the brittle material after being crushed in the upper part in the processing container falls to the lower part in the processing container and reaches the outlet of the container, the brittle material is dropped along the vertical plane. A method for crushing a brittle material, characterized by crushing and crushing the brittle material by applying crushing energy by a fixed crusher and a rotary crusher.
(02) A vertical cylindrical processing vessel having an inlet at the top and an outlet at the bottom, a vertical rotating shaft disposed in the central region of the processing vessel, and two or more radial stages around the rotating shaft It is composed of a horizontally-long blow-type horizontal rotary crushing tool installed, a crushing mechanism installed below the level of the horizontal rotary crushing tool, and a rotary drive system machine connected to the rotary shaft. And
At least two hitting horizontal rotary crushing tools are selected from a horizontal rotary crushing tool for brittle material splitting, a horizontal rotating crushing tool for brittle material splitting, and a horizontal rotary crushing tool for brittle material splitting. And the level of the crushing tool that generates a larger crack on the material to be crushed is higher in the processing container, and
A turntable attached to the rotating shaft is interposed between the lowermost crushing tool and the crushing mechanism, and the outer periphery of the turntable is between the crushing parts of the fixed crushing tool and the rotating crushing tool. Sloping downwards towards, and
The crushing mechanism is a combination of a fixed crusher and a rotary crusher, and the crushing part of the fixed crusher and the crushing part of the rotary crusher are facing each other and correspond to each other. An apparatus for crushing brittle materials, wherein the crushing portions facing each other are vertical.
(03) A plurality of support arms that are radially attached to the rotation shaft and extend toward the inner surface side of the processing container, and a vertical crushing roller that is attached to the tip of each support arm and is close to the inner surface of the processing container. The brittle material crushing treatment apparatus according to (02), wherein the crushed tool is configured and the lower wall of the processing container also serves as a stationary crushed tool.

Since the brittle material crushing method and crushing apparatus according to the present invention crush the brittle material that falls in the processing vessel by gravity with two or more types of crushing energy, the following effects can be obtained. .
( 11 ) Each crushing energy is divided into “horizontal rotary crushing energy for large splitting” by horizontal rotary crushing tool, “horizontal rotary crushing energy for middle splitting” by horizontal rotary crushing tool, and “horizontal rotary crushing for small splitting by horizontal rotary crushing tool”. Two or more types selected from “energy”, “rotating crushing energy for crushing” by a fixed crusher and a rotary crusher. When using such multiple types of crushing energy, brittle materials can be crushed into finer and more uniform particles. Therefore, a high-quality crushed material can be obtained with a high yield.
( 12 ) Since the crushing with each crushing energy is different from each crushing type, all of the crushing types use rotational force. Therefore, continuous crushing of brittle materials can be performed by rotating the rotating system parts continuously. Therefore, the production capacity when crushing brittle materials is high.
(13) The main work is to generate crushing energy in the processing container by rotating the rotating system parts, or to introduce a brittle material into the processing container and drop it by gravity. Therefore, workability is good and automation is easily established.
( 14 ) Since each crushing energy is common in using the rotational force, the configuration can be simplified or the power source can be unified based on the commonality. In addition, since brittle materials are refined step by step in multiple crushing formats, the load, burden, wear, etc. on crushing parts are also reduced compared to the case of single granulation in a single crushing format. Can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the economics when obtaining a high quality crushed material including initial cost, running cost, maintenance cost and the like.
( 15 ) Brittle materials can be crushed from natural products such as shells to artificial materials such as glass and ceramics. Therefore, the application range is wide and versatile.

  About the crushing processing method and crushing processing apparatus of a brittle thing concerning this invention, each of these embodiment is described based on an accompanying drawing.

  1 to 4, the crushing apparatus exemplified here includes a support 11, an electric motor 15, a transmission system 16, a processing vessel 21, a rotating shaft 35, a horizontal rotating crushing tool 41 to 43, and crushing. It consists mainly of a mechanism 51, a turntable 61, and others, and a brittle material carrying system 71 and a crushing material carrying system 72 are attached thereto. The materials for the parts and members for constituting the crushing apparatus are made of metal unless otherwise specified. Moreover, it is made of metal except for known parts whose material is clear. Moreover, steel having excellent mechanical properties such as impact resistance is often used as the metal in that case.

  A support base 11 shown in FIG. 1 includes a base 12 and a frame 13 thereon. The frame 13 in this case is constructed on the pedestal 12 by installing, assembling, or assembling columns, beams, girders, braces, etc., and has a cubic or rectangular parallelepiped skeleton structure. The frame 13 having such a structure is suitable for assembling and supporting a processing container described later. The pedestal 12 and the frame 13 are mainly made of metal, but known materials such as wood, synthetic resin, and composite material may be used in combination.

  The processing container 21 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a vertical cylindrical shape whose upper and lower surfaces are open. The term “vertical cylindrical shape” as used in the present invention includes a simple cylindrical shape having a constant diameter, and at least one of a portion having a different diameter, a conical portion, and an inverted conical portion. It is a generic term that includes things, things that are conical in their entirety, and those in which they are entirely conical. Incidentally, the processing vessel 21 in this embodiment has a simple cylindrical shape with a constant diameter. A drop guide chute (well-known) is attached to the upper portion of the processing container 21, and serves as an inlet 22 of the processing container 21. On the other hand, the outlet 23 of the processing container 21 corresponds to the opened lower surface of the processing container 21. A large number of collision protrusions 24 are attached to the inner surface of the processing vessel 21 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, or a guide ring 25 having an inverted conical inner surface is attached. The collision protrusion 24 and the guide ring 25 are provided corresponding to the crushing tool described later, but may be omitted because they are not indispensable elements. When the process container 21 is provided with the collision protrusion 24 and the guide ring 25, two or more stages as shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 1, the relative relationship between the two 24 and 25 is that the collision projection 24 is higher and the guide ring 25 is lower. The processing container 21 is assembled to the upper side of the frame 13 as shown in FIG. A space is interposed between the processing vessel 21 and the base 12.

  In FIG. 1, a pair of upper and lower bearings 31 and 32 provided in the processing container 21 for supporting the rotating shaft are well known. One bearing 31 is disposed above the axial center in the processing vessel 21 and is supported via radial (eg, three radial) stays 33 extending between the bearing 31 and the inner wall surface of the processing vessel 21. Yes. The other bearing 32 is disposed below the axial center in the processing container 21 and is supported through a radial stay 33 that extends through the body wall of the processing container 21 and extends between the bearing 32 and the frame 13. . The rotating shaft 35 is a solid type or a hollow type. A mounting portion 36 having an insertion space is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 35 in a plurality of steps. On the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 35, a mounting plate 37 is provided at a position below the lowermost mounting portion 36, or a mounting plate 38 is provided below the mounting plate 37. As shown in FIG. 1, the rotary shaft 35 is disposed at the axial center in the processing vessel 21 and is supported at both ends by both bearings 31 and 32 so as to be rotatable. The rotary shaft 35 is equipped with various horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 to 43 having different crushing formats, a rotary crushing tool 52, and a turntable 61, which are as follows with reference to FIGS. It is a thing.

  The horizontal rotary crushing tool 41 specified in (A1) and (B1) of FIG. 3 includes a first crushing plate 41a, a second crushing plate 41b, a spacer 41c, and the like as main components. The first crushing plate 41a and the second crushing plate 41b are both rectangular in cross section and long, but the length and thickness of the first crushing plate 41a exceeds that of the second crushing plate 41b. About these, the horizontal rotation crushing tool 41 with which the front-end | tip and the width were equal is comprised as shown in the figure by attaching the 2nd crushing board 41b on both upper and lower surfaces of the 1st crushing board 41a. At this time, metal welding is mainly employed as the component coupling means. In addition, a pair of upper and lower connecting pieces 41d are rotatably attached to the base end portion of the first crushing plate 41a by pins 41e. The horizontal rotary crushing tool 42 clearly shown in (A2) and (B2) of FIG. 3 includes two types of first and second crushing plates 42a and second crushing plates 42b and long and short two types of spacers 42c and 42d as main components. Is. The first crushing plate 42a and the second crushing plate 42b are also rectangular in cross section and elongated. About these, the 2nd crushing board 42b of the 1st layer is attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the 1st crushing board 42a through the spacers 42c and 42d first. Next, the second crushing plate 42b of the second layer is attached to each second crushing plate of the front and back first layer via the spacer 42c. Thus, the illustrated horizontal rotary crushing tool 42 having the tip and width arranged in an orderly manner is constructed. The component coupling means at this time is the same as described above. In addition, a pair of upper and lower connecting pieces 42e are rotatably attached to the base end portion of the horizontal rotary crushing tool 42 constituted by the first crushing plate 42a and the spacer 42d via a pin 42f. In the case of the horizontal rotary crushing tool 43 specified in (A3) and (B3) of FIG. 3, the stopper 43b is provided on the outer periphery on the base end side, or a male screw (not shown) is provided on the outer periphery on the tip end side. The main parts are the core rod 43a, the crushing plate 43c made of an arbitrary polygon more than a triangle, and the female screw 43d corresponding to the male screw of the core rod 43a. As for a part of them, the base end portion of the core rod 43a is formed flat and provided with a pin hole. A typical example of the crushing plate 43c is a square washer having a central hole. When these parts are combined, a large number of crushing plates 43c are fitted into the outer periphery of the core rod 43a so that a circumferential phase shift of about 10 to 20 ° is caused, and in order to maintain this fitted state, A female screw 43d is fastened to the tip. Thus, the horizontal rotary crushing tool 43 is configured. In order to secure the rotation prevention of each crushing plate 43c, the crushing plates 43c may be welded in advance. Moreover, you may weld the core rod 43a, each crushing plate 43c, the stopper 43b, and the crushing plate 43c after these assembly | attachment. In addition, a pair of upper and lower connecting pieces 43e are rotatably attached to the base end portion of the core rod 43a via pins 43f.

  The rotary crushing tool 52 clearly shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B is composed mainly of a horizontal support arm 53 and a vertical crushing roller 54. Among these, the crushing roller 54 corresponds to a U-shaped (reverse U-shaped) concentrator 54a having a pair of upper and lower connecting pieces 54b on the outer surface of the vertical portion, a core rod 54c made of bolts, and a male screw of the core rod 54c. The main component is a nut 54d to be cut and a crush plate (square washer) 54e similar to the crush plate 43c. Therefore, in the case of the crushing roller 54, a large number of crushing plates 54e are overlapped and interposed in the collecting tool 54a, and the collecting tool 54a and each crushing plate 54e are vertically penetrated by the core rod 54c. In addition, the nut 54d is fastened to the end of the core rod 54c. Also in this case, a circumferential phase shift of about 10 to 20 ° is given to each crushing plate 54e extending over the upper and lower ends. Further, the crushing plates 54e are welded to each other in order to more reliably prevent the crushing plates 54e from rotating. In a typical example, the aggregate of each crushing plate 54e rotates freely around the core rod 54c, but it may be fixed to a non-rotating type. The support arm 53 and the crushing roller 54 are connected to each other so that they can be bent and rotated relative to each other by inserting the distal end portion of the support arm 53 between the connecting pieces 54 b of the crushing roller 54 and fixing them with a pin 55. The In addition, a pair of upper and lower connecting pieces 57 are rotatably attached to the base end portion of the support arm 53 via pins 56.

  Most of the turntable 61 illustrated in FIG. 1 is a flat surface, but the outer peripheral portion thereof is inclined downward.

  Since the horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 to 43, the rotary crushing tool 52, the turntable 61 and the like illustrated in FIG. 1 are as described above, they are attached to the rotary shaft 35 as follows. Referring to FIG. 1, a plurality of connecting members 39 are radially attached to the uppermost mounting portion 36, the second uppermost mounting portion 36, and the lowermost mounting portion 36 through pins. Accordingly, a plurality of horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 are connected to each connecting member 39 via pins. Specifically, the horizontal rotary crushing tool 41 is rotatable to the uppermost connecting member 39 by interposing the tip of the connecting member 39 between the two connecting pieces 41d of the horizontal rotating crushing tool 41 and pinning them. Connected to Thus, the plurality of horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 attached to the outer peripheral portion of the rotary shaft 35 is radial with two or more radiations, preferably three or more radiations, and as an example, FIG. Yes. In the same manner as described above, a plurality of horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 are attached to the mounting portion 36 at the second stage from the top. That is, the tip of the connecting member 39 is interposed between the two connecting pieces 42e of the horizontal rotary crushing tool 42, and these are pinned so that the horizontal rotary crushing tool 42 can freely rotate to the upper second connecting member 39. Connected. An example of this attachment state is also as shown in FIG. The horizontal rotary crushing tool 42 may also have a radial shape with two or more (preferably three or more) radiations. A plurality of horizontal rotary crushing tools 43 are attached to the lowermost mounting portion 36 in the same manner as described above. That is, the tip of the connecting member 39 is interposed between the connecting pieces 43e of the horizontal rotating crushing tool 43, and these are pinned, so that the horizontal rotating crushing tool 43 can freely rotate to the upper second connecting member 39. Connected to An example of this attachment state is also as shown in FIG. 2, but the horizontal rotary crushing tool 43 may have a radial shape with two or more radiations (preferably three or more radiations). On the other hand, the turntable 61 is applied to the mounting plate 37 with the rotation shaft 35 penetrating through the center of the turntable 61, and then the bolts and nuts tightened across the turntable 61 and the mounting plate 37. It is attached to the outer periphery. Further, the rotary crushing tool 52 is also attached to the mounting plate 38 in a manner according to the horizontal rotary crushing tool. That is, by attaching the attachment plate 38 between the two connecting pieces 57 of the rotary crusher 52 and pinning them, the rotary crusher 52 is rotatably connected to the attachment plate 38. An example of this attachment state is also as shown in FIG. The rotary crusher 52 may also have a radial shape with two or more radiations (preferably three or more radiations).

  In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the crushing mechanism 51 is configured by mounting the rotary crushing tool 52 in the processing container 21 as described above. That is, a crushing mechanism 51 that is a combination of the rotary crusher 52 and the fixed crusher 58 is configured. Incidentally, the fixed crushing tool 58 at this time is composed of a lower wall of the processing container 21 (a portion facing the crushing roller 54 of the rotating crushing tool 52). Therefore, in this embodiment, the lower wall of the processing container 21 also serves as the fixed crusher 58. Therefore, the crushing part (crushing roller 54) of the rotary crushing tool 52 and the crushing part (lower wall of the processing container 21) of the fixed crushing tool 58 face each other and correspond to each other.

  With reference to FIG. 1, a cradle 14 is assembled and installed on the outer surface of the body portion of the processing container 21. A well-known electric motor (motor) 15 is mounted on the cradle 14. The transmission system 16 extending between the electric motor 15 and the rotating shaft 35 includes a known driving pulley 17, a known driven pulley 18, a known endless belt 19, and the like. Therefore, with respect to the transmission system 16, the driving pulley 17 is attached to the output shaft of the electric motor 15, the driven pulley 18 is attached to the outer periphery of the upper end portion of the rotating shaft 35, and the belt 19 is wound around the pulleys 17 and 18. To do. In this case, the electric motor 15 and the transmission system 16 correspond to a rotary drive system machine for the rotary shaft 35.

  In addition, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, a brittle material carry-in system 71 is disposed corresponding to the inlet 22 of the processing vessel 21, and the crushed processed product carry-out system 72 corresponds to the outlet 23 of the processing vessel 21. Is arranged. The carry-in system 71 and the carry-out system 72 are made up of known belt conveyors as an example.

  In the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, the brittle material described below is crushed as follows.

  First, as to the brittle material, as described above, when the external force (or deformation) reaches a predetermined value, the strength rapidly decreases and brittle fracture occurs. Specific examples include seafood-based brittle materials such as shells, crustacean shells and fish bones, and unnecessary brittle materials such as unnecessary glass and unnecessary settling. In addition, eggshells, animal bones, dry matter, unnecessary semiconductors, deteriorated concrete, soil blocks, clay blocks, weathered rocks, pelitic rocks, and defective mineral crystals can be cited as brittle materials to be crushed.

  The concrete crushing means in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 is the horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 to 43 and the crushing mechanism 51. In this case, the horizontal rotary crushing tool 41 is for generating a horizontal splitting rotary crushing energy, the horizontal rotary crushing tool 42 is for generating a horizontal splitting horizontal rotary crushing energy, and the horizontal rotary crushing tool 43 is The horizontal crushing energy for splitting is generated, and the crushing mechanism 51 is for generating rotary crushing energy for crushing. Therefore, although these crushing forms are different from each other, each crushing function is as follows. First, referring to (A1) and (B1) of FIG. 3 for the horizontal rotary crushing tool 41 for splitting, since the first crushing plate 41a and the second crushing plate 41b are the thickest among the crushing plates, these vertical striking surfaces. (Battery area during rotation) is large. However, the absolute number of the both crushing plates 41a and 41b is smaller than those of the other horizontal rotary crushing tools 42 to 43. In addition, the number of horizontal edges of both the crushing plates 41a and 41b in FIG. When hitting a brittle object in the fall of gravity in the horizontal direction with this horizontal splitting rotary crushing tool 41, the probability of hitting the vertical hitting surface of the crushing tool is high, but the probability of hitting the horizontal edge is low. Therefore, a brittle material when it is hit in the horizontal direction by the horizontal splitting crushing tool 41 for splitting is relatively large. Next, referring to (A2) and (B2) of FIG. 3 regarding the horizontal rotary crushing tool 42 for middle split, the first crushing plate 42a and the second crushing plate 42b are thinner than the crushing plates 41a and 41b. Therefore, these vertical striking surfaces are relatively small. However, the absolute number of the crushing plates 42a and 42b is larger than that of the crushing plates 41a and 41b. In addition, the number of horizontal edges of both the crushing plates 42a and 42b in FIG. When hitting a brittle material that is falling due to gravity in the horizontal direction with such a horizontal splitting crusher 42 for splitting, the probability of hitting the vertical striking surface of the crushing tool is lower than in the case of the crushing tool 41, and conversely the horizontal edge The probability of hitting is higher than in the case of the crushing tool 41. Therefore, the brittle material that is hit in the horizontal direction by the horizontal splitting crushing tool for middle splitting 42 has a higher probability of hitting a sharp horizontal edge than the above, and is broken more finely than the above. Furthermore, referring to (A3) and (B3) of FIG. 3 for the horizontal rotating crushing tool 43 for splitting, since this is a collection of a large number of polygonal thin crushing plates 43c, its surface (circumferential surface). Many sharp protrusions are distributed throughout the area. When hitting a brittle material that is falling due to gravity in the horizontal direction with the horizontal rotating crushing tool 43 for splitting, most of the brittle material collides with the sharp projections of the collective crushing plate 43c and breaks more finely than the above. On the other hand, the crushing mechanism 51 shown in FIGS. 1 and 4A and 4B includes a crushing roller 54 of the rotary crushing tool 52 and a fixed crushing tool 58 (lower wall of the processing container 21). They are close to each other and rotate relative to each other in the horizontal direction. Accordingly, when the brittle material passes between the crushing roller 54 and the fixed crushing tool 58, it is crushed into a granular or powdery state by crushing action or crushing action on both 54 and 58.

  The horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 to 43 and the crushing mechanism 51 in the processing container 21 in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 have a crushing function based on the crushing format as described above. Therefore, when the above-described brittle material is crushed with the loading system 71, the crushing processing device (electric motor 15), and the carrying-out system 72 of FIG. The carry-in system 71 feeds the brittle material into the processing container 21 from the inlet 22 of the processing container 21 while conveying it. In the processing vessel 21, the rotary shaft 35 and the horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 to 43, the turntable 61, and the rotary crushing tool 52 mounted on the rotary shaft 35 are rotated at a high speed by receiving power transmitted from the electric motor 15. Speaking of specific rotation speeds, the horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 to 43, the turntable 61, the rotary crushing tool 52, and the like rotate at 50 to 1000 km / hour on the basis of the peripheral speed of each outer peripheral portion. . The brittle material thrown into the processing vessel 21 is first primarily crushed into relatively large pieces by the large horizontal rotating crushing tool 41, and then the broken pieces are secondarily crushed by the middle horizontal rotating crushing tool 42. Each piece that has become smaller than the above by the secondary crushing is further finely crushed by the horizontal rotating crusher 43 for splitting. The brittle material that has been crushed by the third crushed becomes a fine piece and falls onto the turntable 61. Since the turntable 61 rotates at a high speed, the tertiary crushed material dropped here is blown in the centrifugal direction and slides down the inclined portion (outer peripheral portion) of the turntable 61 and falls into the crushing mechanism 51. That is, it falls between the rotary crusher 52 and the fixed crusher 58. The tertiary crushed material passing through here is crushed into a granular or powder form by the crushing action or crushing action of the rotary crushing tool 52 and the fixed crushing tool 58. Thus, the brittle material, that is, the crushed material, which has been finely pulverized or pulverized after the various crushing processes in the processing container 21 are dropped onto the carry-out system 72 and carried to a predetermined place. Since this crushed material is subjected to high-speed rotation crushing over several orders, it is highly finely divided. Therefore, depending on the type of brittle material, the crushed material has few or almost no sharp parts. A shredded product with no sharp parts is safe because it is hard to be scratched or punctured when used on a ground or sandbox.

  As another embodiment of the crushing means described in FIGS. 1 to 4, any two of the horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 to 43 are omitted, and the remaining one type of horizontal rotary crushing tool and the crushing mechanism 51 are mainly used. In some cases, brittle materials are crushed. Further, any one of the horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 to 43 and the crushing mechanism 51 may be omitted, and the brittle material may be crushed mainly by the remaining two types of horizontal rotary crushing tools. The collision protrusion 24 in FIG. 1 is an obstruction that prevents the brittle material from rotating horizontally. If this exists, horizontal rotation crushing by the horizontal rotation crushing tools 41 and 42 can be performed efficiently. However, this is not an essential part and may be omitted. In FIG. 1, the guide ring 25 below the horizontal rotary crushing tool 41 does not drop the brittle material crushed by the horizontal rotary crushing tool 41 along the inner peripheral surface of the processing vessel 21, and moves to the horizontal rotary crushing tool 42 at the lower stage. The guide ring 25 under the horizontal rotary crushing tool 42 is guided to the horizontal rotary crushing tool 43 in the lower stage without dropping the brittle material crushed by the horizontal rotary crushing tool 42 along the inner peripheral surface of the processing vessel 21. It is desirable because it induces. However, this is not an indispensable part and may be omitted.

  Regarding the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 6, the crushing apparatus exemplified here is basically the same as that of the above embodiment, but the configuration related to the crushing mechanism 51 is mainly different.

  In the crushing mechanism 51 shown in FIGS. 5 to 6, the rotary crushing tool 52 is mainly composed of an inner cylinder 52a, an outer cylinder 52b, and a crushing protrusion 52c. Among these, the long and small inner cylinder 52a and the short and large outer cylinder 52b are coupled to form an inner and outer double cylinder. The crushing protrusions 52c are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 52b so that many things are distributed in the circumferential direction at equal intervals in the vertical direction. The crush protrusion 52c is made of a well-known bolt as an example, and is screwed into the outer cylinder 52b and attached to a predetermined portion by tightening a nut. This is the same as described later. With reference to FIG. 6, a fixing rod 71 is attached to the attaching portion 36 of the aforementioned rotary shaft 35. Therefore, the rotary crushing tool 52 has a U-shaped bolt 72 extending between the fixing rod 71 and the inner cylinder 52a in FIG. 6 in the state where the inner cylinder 52a is covered on the lower outer periphery of the rotating shaft 35 as shown in FIG. It is attached to the rotary shaft 35 through a nut 73 screwed in. The fixed crusher 58 that is paired with the rotary crusher 52 is mainly composed of a cylinder composition 58a having an inverted conical cylinder part 58b and a lower cylinder part 58c and a crushing protrusion 58d. Due to the relationship between the cylinder composition 58a and the crushing protrusions 58d, the crushing protrusions 58d are attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 58c so that a large number of crushing protrusions 58d are distributed in the circumferential direction at equal intervals in the vertical direction. This crushing protrusion 58d is the same as the crushing protrusion 52c. Referring to FIG. 5, the fixed crusher 58 is installed in the lower part of the processing container 21 and attached thereto. Thus, when the rotary crushing tool 52 and the fixed crushing tool 58 are mounted on a predetermined part, the crushing projection 52c on the rotating crushing tool 52 side and the crushing projection 58d of the fixed crushing tool 58 face each other. Respond freely. That is, the crushing protrusions 58d on the fixed side are interposed between the upper and lower adjacent parts of the crushing protrusions 52c on the rotating side, or the clawing parts on the rotating side are interposed between the upper and lower adjacent parts of the crushing protrusions 58d on the fixed side. The crushing protrusion 52c is interposed. In the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 6, the inverted conical cylinder part 58 b and the cylindrical part 58 c of the fixed crusher 58 constitute a part of the substantial wall surface of the processing vessel 21. Items omitted in the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 6 are substantially the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiment of FIGS. As one of them, a collision protrusion 24 and a guide ring 25 are provided on the inner surface of the processing container 21 shown in FIGS.

  In the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 6, when the above-described brittle material is crushed, the brittle material is put into the processing vessel 21 after each part is in an operating state as described above. The brittle material charged into the processing vessel 21 is substantially the same as described above in that the various horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 to 43 sequentially crush the primary, secondary, and tertiary materials. What has been crushed so far falls into the crushing mechanism 51 of FIG. That is, it falls between the rotary crusher 52 and the fixed crusher 58. The tertiary crushed material when passing through here is crushed in a granular or powder form by the crushing action or crushing action by the crushing protrusions 52c of the rotary crushing tool 52 and the crushing protrusions 58d of the fixed crushing tool 58. The Thus, the brittle material (crushed material) that has been finely pulverized or pulverized after the various crushing processes in the processing vessel 21 are dropped onto the carry-out system 72 and carried out to a predetermined place as described above. The This crushed material is also safe and of high quality.

  In the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 6, the point of selecting and crushing any two or more of the horizontal rotary crushing tools 41 to 43 and the crushing mechanism 51 is the same as described above.

  Other embodiments relating to the crushing mechanism 51 will be described with reference to FIGS. Of course, the crushing mechanism 51 described below with reference to FIGS. 7 to 15 can be mounted in the processing container 21 of FIG. 1 or the processing container 21 of FIG.

  The crushing mechanism 51 illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 8 is substantially the same as that of FIGS. 5 to 6 except that the upper side of the outer cylinder 52 has a conical shape. In this case, the crushing protrusions 52c of the rotary crushing tool 52 and the crushing protrusions 58d of the fixed crushing tool 58 are made of commercially available bolts, which are screwed into the outer cylinder 52b and the cylindrical part 58c, or tightened with nuts, respectively. By doing so, it is attached to the predetermined part. These bolted crushing protrusions 52c and 58d are desirable because they are inexpensive and can easily adjust and replace the protruding amount when worn.

  In the crushing mechanism 51 illustrated in FIGS. 9 to 10, the rotary crushing tool 52 includes a turntable 52d and a crushing protrusion 52c, and a large number of crushing protrusions 52c are formed on the outer peripheral portion inclined downward. Is attached. The rotary crusher 52 is attached to the lower outer periphery of the rotary shaft 35 via a known bearing or the like. At this time, the rotary shaft 35 is interposed between the rotary shaft 35 and the rotary crusher 52. A speed reduction mechanism 81 for decelerating the rotary crushing tool 52 by reverse rotation is interposed. A part of the speed reduction mechanism 81 is a ring-type internal gear 81a attached to the lower surface of the turntable 52d via a cylindrical member 52e, and the other part of the speed reduction mechanism 81 is mounted on the lower outer periphery of the rotary shaft 35. The driving pinion 81b. The remaining part of the speed reduction mechanism 81 is a plurality of idle pinions 81 c that are rotatably attached to the housing of the lower bearing 32. In the reverse rotation type reduction mechanism 81, a plurality of idle pinions 81c are between the internal gear 81a and the drive pinion 81b and mesh with both of them. Therefore, the rotation of the rotating shaft 35 is decelerated by the speed reduction mechanism 81 and transmitted to the rotary crushing tool 52 in a reverse rotation. On the other hand, in the fixed crusher 58 corresponding to the rotary crusher 52, the aforementioned cylinder composition 58a is composed of the inverted conical cylinder part 58b and the lower cone part 58e, and there are many on the lower surface of the cone part 58e. A crushing protrusion 58d is attached. The fixed crusher 58 is installed in the lower part of the processing vessel 21 and attached thereto as described above. Thus, when the rotary crushing tool 52 and the fixed crushing tool 58 are installed in a predetermined part, the crushing protrusion 52c on the rotating crushing tool 52 side and the crushing protrusion 58d of the fixed crushing tool 58 are the same as described above. Face each other and respond freely. Regarding the crushing mechanism 51 of this illustrated example, there is also a variation in which the entire turntable 52d of the rotary crushing tool 52 is formed into a conical shape without a flat surface.

  In the crushing mechanism 51 of FIGS. 9 to 10, the rotary crushing tool 52 rotates in reverse at a lower speed than the above. Therefore, when this is done, the brittle material that has been crushed several times is returned to the reverse direction or unraveled before it is crushed into the crushing mechanism 51. Further, when a brittle material is crushed or crushed in the crushing mechanism 51, this is performed at a low speed, so that an excessive load is not applied to the rotary crushing tool 52 and the fixed crushing tool 58.

  In the reverse rotation speed reduction type crushing mechanism 51 of FIG. 11, the turntable 52d of the rotary crushing tool 52 is formed of a simple disk, and is a member on the lower surface of the fixed crushing tool 58 (below the inverted conical cylinder part 58b). This is different from the previous example because the attached member is made of the ring plate 58f. Thus, in the case of FIG. 11, the crushing protrusion 52c on the rotary crushing tool 52 side is attached to the outer periphery of the upper surface of the turntable 52d, or the crushing protrusion 58d of the fixed crushing tool 58 is attached to the lower surface of the ring plate 58f. is doing. Therefore, also in the case of FIG. 11, both the crushing protrusions 52c and 58d face each other and correspond to each other so that they can be freely moved.

  The crushing mechanism 51 in FIG. 12 is a little different from the conventional ones in the rotary crushing tool 52 and the fixed crushing tool 58. In the case of the rotary crushing tool 52, in a turntable 52d that is entirely conical or whose outer peripheral portion is inclined downward, a short cylinder 52f is attached to the outer peripheral portion of the turntable 52d, and the above-described outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 52f is described above. A number of crushing protrusions 52c are attached. In the fixed crusher 58, the lower wall of the processing container 21 also serves as the same as in the case of FIG. A large number of the above-mentioned crushing protrusions 58d are attached to the inner peripheral surface of the fixed crushing tool 58 formed of the processing container lower wall. Also in the case of FIG. 12, both crushing protrusions 52c and 58d face each other and correspond to each other so that they can be freely moved. As the crushing mechanism 51 of the embodiment shown in FIG. In such a case, the aforementioned reverse rotation type speed reduction mechanism 81 is interposed between the rotary shaft 35 and the rotary crushing tool 52.

  FIG. 13 relates to a speed reduction mechanism 82 when the reverse rotation speed reduction type crushing mechanism 51 is changed to a forward speed speed reduction type. Referring to FIG. 13, this speed reduction mechanism 82, like the speed reduction mechanism 81, includes a ring-type internal gear 82a attached to the turntable 52d side, a driving pinion 82b attached to the rotary shaft 35 side, and these In addition to having a plurality of loose pinions 82c interposed therebetween, a transmission pinion 82d is also provided. These gears and pinions are configured such that a plurality of idle pinions 82c mesh only with the internal gear 82a, and a transmission pinion 82d meshes with both one idle pinion 82c and a drive pinion 82b. Accordingly, the rotation of the rotary shaft 35 is decelerated by the speed reduction mechanism 81 and transmitted to the rotary crushing tool 52 in a normal rotation.

  When the crushing mechanism 51 shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 9 to 12 is changed to a forward rotation speed reduction type, the forward rotation speed reduction mechanism 82 of FIG. 13 is employed. In the crushing mechanism 51 shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 9 to 12, when the speed reduction mechanism 81 is omitted, the turntable 52d is attached to the rotary shaft 35 via the attachment plate 37 as shown in FIG. .

The crushing means (crushing processing method / crushing processing apparatus) of the present invention is not particularly limited in use and can be used in various fields. Some examples of its application are listed below.
( 21 ) When obtaining ground improvement materials, landfill materials, floor leveling materials, anti-slip materials, etc. using one or more shells as a raw material in the field of civil engineering and architecture, the shells are crushed by the crushing means of the present invention. to make.
( 22 ) When a medium for a water quality filter is obtained using one or more shells as raw materials in the field of water purification treatment, the shells are crushed by the crushing means of the present invention to produce them.
( 23 ) In the field of glaze applied to the surface of ceramics, when obtaining shell powder that is part of the raw material for making scallops, the scallop shells are crushed by the crushing means of the present invention.
( 24 ) When calcium phosphate is synthesized from scallop shell as a raw material in the chemical synthesis field, the raw material is pulverized or granulated by crushing the scallop shell by the crushing means of the present invention as a pretreatment of the raw material.
( 25 ) When extracting chitin contained in crustacean shells in the field of synthesis of plant growth promoters and when crustacean shells are powdered or granulated as a pretreatment, scallops are used in the crushing means of the present invention. Crush the shell to make it.
( 26 ) Extracting Ca, unsaturated fatty acids, DHA, etc., effective in the prevention of osteoporosis and adult diseases in the field of pharmaceuticals from fish bones, and pre-treating the fish bones into powder or granules When the fish bone is crushed by the crushing means of the present invention, it is made.

  In addition, eggshells, animal bones, dry matter, unnecessary glass, unnecessary settlings, unnecessary semiconductors, deteriorated concrete, soil blocks, clay blocks, weathered rocks, pelitic rocks, defective mineral crystals, etc., are crushed in the same way as above to each field. Can be used effectively.

  The brittle material crushing treatment method and crushing processing apparatus according to the present invention crush the brittle material in the gravity drop with two or more types of crushing energy, thereby high quality, high production capacity and workability of the crushed material. -Satisfies economic efficiency and versatility. Therefore, the method and equipment become effective and useful when zero emissions, recycling, and reuse are planned in various fields such as civil engineering, architecture, machinery, agriculture, water treatment, food, medicine, and mineral resources. As a result, it is possible to obtain a highly valuable product with high utilization.

It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed schematically one Embodiment of the crushing process means based on this invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the crushing means of FIG. 1. It is the front view and side view of various crushing processing tools used with the crushing processing means of FIG. It is the front view and side view of a rotary crushing tool used with the crushing process means of FIG. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed schematically one other embodiment of the crushing processing means which concerns on this invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the crushing means of FIG. 5. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed schematically one other embodiment about the crushing mechanism in this invention. FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the crushing mechanism of FIG. 8. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed schematically one Embodiment other than the above about the crushing mechanism in this invention. FIG. 10 is a plan view of a speed reduction mechanism of the rotary crusher of FIG. 9. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed schematically other embodiment other than the above about the crushing mechanism in this invention. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed schematically other embodiment other than the above further about the crushing mechanism in this invention. FIG. 6 is a plan view schematically showing another embodiment of a speed reduction mechanism for a rotary crusher according to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 Processing container 22 Inlet 23 Outlet 35 Rotating shaft 41 Horizontal rotation crushing tool for large divisions 42 Horizontal rotation crushing tool for middle divisions 43 Horizontal rotation crushing tools for subdivisions 51 Crushing mechanism 52 Rotating crushing tools 52c Crushing protrusions 53 Support Arm 54 Crushing Roller 54e Crushing Plate 58 Fixed Crushing Tool 58d Crushing Projection 61 Turntable

Claims (3)

When the inside of a vertical cylindrical processing container having an inlet at the top and an outlet at the bottom is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part in the processing container is divided into horizontal parts for horizontal division using a horizontal rotary crushing tool Generates and synchronizes with one or more selected from rotary crushing energy, horizontal rotary crushing energy for splitting by horizontal rotary crushing tool, and horizontal rotary crushing energy for small splitting by horizontal rotary crushing tool. Generating a rotary crushing and crushing energy for crushing with a fixed crusher and a rotary crusher in the lower part in the processing container; and
One or more of large, medium, and small pieces of brittle material that is thrown into the upper part of the processing container from the container inlet and falls to the lower part of the processing container. Applying a horizontal rotary impact crushing energy to the brittle material to crush the brittle material, and
The brittle material after being crushed at the upper part in the processing container is placed on the turntable below it and dropped from the outer periphery of the turntable to the lower part in the processing container, and
While the brittle material after being crushed in the upper part in the processing container falls to the lower part in the processing container and reaches the outlet of the container, the brittle material is dropped along the vertical plane. A method for crushing a brittle material, characterized by crushing and crushing the brittle material by applying crushing energy by a fixed crusher and a rotary crusher. A vertical cylindrical processing vessel having an inlet at the top and an outlet at the bottom, a vertical rotating shaft disposed in the central region of the processing vessel, and two or more radial mountings around the rotating shaft It consists of a horizontal blow crushing tool that is long in the horizontal direction, a crushing mechanism installed at a lower level than the level of the horizontal crushing tool, and a rotary drive system machine connected to the rotating shaft. And
At least two hitting horizontal rotary crushing tools are selected from a horizontal rotary crushing tool for brittle material splitting, a horizontal rotating crushing tool for brittle material splitting, and a horizontal rotary crushing tool for brittle material splitting. And the level of the crushing tool that generates a larger crack on the material to be crushed is higher in the processing container, and
A turntable attached to the rotating shaft is interposed between the lowermost crushing tool and the crushing mechanism, and the outer periphery of the turntable is between the crushing parts of the fixed crushing tool and the rotating crushing tool. Sloping downwards towards, and
The crushing mechanism is a combination of a fixed crusher and a rotary crusher, and the crushing part of the fixed crusher and the crushing part of the rotary crusher are facing each other and correspond to each other. An apparatus for crushing brittle materials, wherein the crushing portions facing each other are vertical. The rotary crushing tool is composed of a plurality of support arms that are radially attached to the rotation shaft and extend to the inner surface side of the processing vessel, and vertical crushing rollers that are attached to the tips of the respective support arms and are close to the inner surface of the processing vessel. The brittle material crushing apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the apparatus is configured and the lower wall of the processing container also serves as a stationary crusher.

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