JP2003260378A - Crusher and crushing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crusher which can crush scrap wood in a short time even if the scrap wood is long and big like a pillar, a beam or the like of a building and has excellent throughput capacity. <P>SOLUTION: This crusher A is provided with a stand 6, a treating vessel 1, a rotary drum 2, a hydraulic motor unit 3, a hydraulic control unit 4 and a belt conveyer 5. Many fixed edge bodies 16 are arranged at the same height in the longitudinal direction on side face plates 11, 12 of the vessel 1 on the longitudinal direction side. The drum 2 is supported pivotally by the unit 3 to be rotated between the side face plates of the vessel 1 on the lateral direction side. Many moving edge bodies 21 are arranged spirally on the outer peripheral surface of the drum 2. The position of each of the bodies 21 in the longitudinal direction is set so that each of the bodies 21 can pass through the space between the adjacent bodies 16 while leaving a few space when the drum 2 is rotated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a crusher and a crushing method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a crusher and a crushing method capable of processing long and thick waste materials in a short time and having excellent processing ability.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Most of the industrial waste materials (construction waste materials), especially the waste materials generated when a building is dismantled, were previously incinerated or landfilled. Such treatments have been gradually reviewed, and are now reused as various products such as chips to be used as pulp materials or building materials such as particle boards so as not to adversely affect the environment.

A crusher and a chipper are used to break up the waste material. In a conventional general crusher or chipper, a blade is provided on a rotating body that rotates at a high speed, and the waste material fed is cut into pieces by cutting from the end side with the blade.

[0004]

However, the above-mentioned conventional crusher and chipper have the following problems. That is, since columns and beams, which are waste materials of buildings, are usually thick and long, the resistance when cutting is large, and in many crushers, the waste materials are vertically divided into thin pieces, and the length is shortened to some extent. Pretreatment was required for fragmentation.
For this reason, the processing work requires a great deal of time and labor, resulting in extremely poor work efficiency. In addition, during the processing work, waste materials were sent one by one in the length direction for cutting,
It was only possible to make the pieces into pieces little by little from the end side, which was also a factor in making the processing work less efficient.

(Object of the present invention) The object of the present invention is that even if the waste material is a long and thick material such as a pillar or a beam of a building, it can be crushed in a short time and has excellent processing ability. A crusher and a crushing method are provided.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The means of the present invention taken to achieve the above object are as follows. According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a crusher for fragmenting an object to be processed, the processing container having an inlet and an outlet and having a large number of fixed blades on an inner wall surface, and an inside of the processing container. Is provided rotatably, and has a rotating body having a large number of moving blades on the outer peripheral surface, and a drive device for driving the rotating body, each moving blade body, between the fixed blade body It is a crusher characterized by being configured so that it can be rotationally moved by passing through with a predetermined gap.

The second invention is the crusher according to the first invention, characterized in that the crusher is provided with a feeding device for feeding the object to be processed into pieces into the outside of the container.

According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided the crusher according to the first or second aspect of the invention, wherein the movable blade is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body in a spiral shape.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the drive device has a structure in which the rotary body is directly or indirectly supported by the rotary shaft of the hydraulic motor to drive the rotary body. It is a crusher according to a third invention.

In a fifth aspect of the present invention, the drive device has a structure including a hydraulic motor and a rotary bearing body integrated, and the rotary bearing body is fixed to the rotary body on the rotating side, and the hydraulic motor is provided. Is a structure that is fixed to the processing container side that is the fixed side, and the rotating body is directly driven by a rotating bearing body, which is the crusher according to the first, second or third invention.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a crushing method for slicing an object to be processed including a long object, wherein the object to be processed is essentially parallel to the rotation axis direction of the rotating body. The rotating body is rotated while being held in contact with the rotating body, and the moving blade provided on the outer peripheral portion of the rotating body and the fixed blade provided on the wall portion of the holding portion are made to cooperate while shifting the timing of the moving blade. This is a crushing method characterized by shaving the object to be processed into pieces.

The processing container is, for example, formed in a rectangular tube shape having an input port in the upper portion and an output port in the lower portion, but is not limited to this. The side plate of the processing container may have a flat plate shape or a curved plate shape. The side plate itself may be formed of a metal plate or the like having a sufficient thickness for strength, or a reinforcing rib or the like may be provided on the outer surface side of the side plate for reinforcement. A chute may be provided at the input port of the processing container.

The rotating body has, for example, a cylindrical shape, but is not limited to this and may have a polygonal shape such as a hexagonal cross section.

The drive unit is preferably a device utilizing hydraulic pressure such as a hydraulic motor, which can obtain a large power, but is not limited to this. Further, as the hydraulic motor, it is more preferable to use a hydraulic motor that drives a traveling system of a hydraulic excavator excavator such as a backhoe.

The movable blade body is rotated by the rotation of the rotating body. The shape, number, and arrangement of the movable blades are not particularly limited and may be set appropriately.
In particular, with regard to the arrangement of the movable blades, in addition to the spiral shape, for example, a seemingly random arrangement such as a pin provided on the drum of the music box, it is possible to perform efficient processing without overdoing each blade. If possible, there is no particular limitation.

The fixed blade cooperates with the moving blade to crush the object to be processed. For the shape, number and arrangement of fixed blades,
There is no particular limitation, and it is set appropriately. It is desirable that the moving blade and the fixed blade have the same shape and a very small gap between them in order to make the object to be processed such as waste material smaller and smaller. It can also have different shapes.

The feeding device is, for example, a belt conveyor,
Although the conveyor is a screw conveyor or the like, a chute or the like having another structure may be adopted.

(Operation) The crusher according to the present invention operates as follows. A required amount of material to be processed such as waste material is put into the processing container through the charging port. The object to be treated is accumulated in the upper part of the rotating body in the processing container. If the processing container has a structure that is long in one direction and the rotating body has a structure that is long in the axial direction correspondingly, even if the object to be processed is long such as a column or beam of construction waste, pretreatment, etc. There is no need to do it, and it can be put as it is.

The rotating body is driven by the driving device. The rotating body may be driven before the object to be processed is introduced. The movable blade is rotated by the rotation of the rotating body, and the object to be processed is moved to one side plate of the processing container by the movable blade. Then, the object to be processed is bitten by the movable blade and the fixed blade over the entire length thereof, and is scraped or crushed from the surface side to be shredded. As described above, even if the object to be processed is a long and thick material such as a pillar or a beam of a building, the crushing process can be performed in a short time.

The fragmented pieces are discharged to the outside of the processing container through the discharge port of the processing container. The device provided with the delivery device can efficiently deliver the fragmented product to a predetermined place.

In the case where the movable blade is spirally provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body, the movable blade does not bite at once when the workpiece is bitten between the fixed blade and the fixed blade. Since they are sequentially bitten, the power required for the crushing process, that is, the power required to rotate the rotating body can be averaged. As a result, excessive force does not particularly act on the drive system, and damage to the machine can be prevented.

The drive device having a structure in which the rotating body is directly or indirectly supported by the rotary shaft of the hydraulic motor to drive the drive device does not require a reduction gear unlike the case of driving the engine, and further has a rotating structure. A structure in which the shaft is directly supported is possible, and in that case, a bearing is not necessary, so that the drive system can have a simple structure.

[0023]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in more detail based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. 1 is a perspective explanatory view showing an embodiment of a crusher according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of the crusher shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a rotary drum mounting structure of the crusher shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a vertical section showing the structure, and FIG.

The crusher A comprises a processing container 1, a rotary drum 2 which is a rotating body, a hydraulic motor unit 3 and a hydraulic control unit 4 which form a drive unit, and a belt conveyor 5 which is a delivery unit.

The processing container 1 is attached to an upper part of a pedestal 6 framed by an iron material. The processing container 1 is formed of an iron plate, and is formed in a substantially rectangular tubular shape in a plan view. Both side plates 11 on the longitudinal side of the processing container 1,
12 is provided vertically except for a part on the upper side. Reinforcing rib plates 13 made of iron plates are provided on the outer surfaces of the side plates 11 and 12 in a grid pattern vertically and horizontally. This allows
The side plates 11 and 12 have sufficient strength for crushing an object to be processed such as waste material.

Slope plates 110 and 120 are provided on the upper sides of the side plates 11 and 12, respectively, and these parts serve as hoppers. Both side plates 14 and 15 on the width direction side of the processing container 1 are vertically provided, and the side plates 14 and 15 and the inclined plates 110 and 120 form the inlet 10.

Outside plates 140 and 150 are provided in parallel outside the side plates 14 and 15, respectively. A space 100 is provided between the side plate 14 and the outer plate 140 and between the side plate 15 and the outer plate 150 for mounting the hydraulic motor unit 3 which will be described in detail later. Is blocked by.

The lower portion of the processing container 1 is open in a rectangular shape in plan view over the entire length in the longitudinal direction. Also, the side plate 1
At the bottoms of 1, 12 are slope plates 111, 12 over the entire length.
1 is provided, and this portion is a chute that constitutes the discharge port.

A large number of fixed blade bodies 16 are provided at the same height in the longitudinal direction at substantially the middle portions of the side plates 11 and 12 in the vertical direction at required intervals. The fixed blade body 16 is made of iron and formed into a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is fixed to the side surface plates 11 and 12 by welding.

The rotary drum 2 is made of iron and has a cylindrical shape.
The rotary drum 2 is rotatably supported by the hydraulic motor unit 3 between the side plates 14 and 15 such that the horizontal diameter line is the same as the height of the fixed blade body 16.
The rotary drum 2 has a diameter (outer diameter excluding the moving blade body 21) such that a slight gap is provided between the rotary drum 2 and the tip surface of the fixed blade body 16 fixed to the side plates 11 and 12 and protruding inward. Is set to.

A large number of movable blade bodies 21 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum 2. The movable blade body 21 is made of iron and formed into a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The movable blade body 21 is spirally arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum 2 and fixed by welding. Further, the position of each movable blade body 21 in the longitudinal direction is set to a position where when the rotary drum 2 rotates, it can pass through between the fixed blade bodies 16 with a slight or predetermined gap. The method of fixing the moving blade body 21 and the fixed blade body 16 is not limited to welding, and may be detachably fixed with bolts like the moving blade body 21a and the fixed blade body 16a described later.

On both end sides of the inner peripheral surface of the rotary drum 2,
An annular attachment flange 22 is fixed over the entire circumference. Each attachment flange 22 is provided with a required number of attachment holes 23 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

The rotary drum 2 has the side plate 1 as described above.
The hydraulic motor units 3 attached to the motors 4 and 15 respectively support and drive the motors. In this embodiment, the hydraulic motor unit 3 employs the same hydraulic motor unit that drives the traveling system of the hydraulic excavator excavator.

The hydraulic motor unit 3 includes an attachment plate 34,
The hydraulic motor 30 fixed to the attachment plate 34 and the rotary bearing body 3 fixed to its rotation shaft (not visible in the figure).
1 is provided. An annular attachment flange 32 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary bearing body 31. Each mounting flange 3
2, the required number of attachment holes 33 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

Each hydraulic motor unit 3 has a side plate 14,
The rotary bearing body 31 is penetrated through a mounting hole 141 (the mounting hole of the side plate 15 is not visible in the figure) provided in the mounting plate 15 so that the rotary bearing body 31 is located inside the processing container 1. Three
4 is fixed to the side plates 14 and 15 with bolts 109.

Both ends of the rotary drum 2 are fitted into the rotary bearing bodies 31 of the respective hydraulic motor units 3, and the attachment flanges 22 and 32 provided on the rotary drum 2 and the rotary bearing bodies 31 are attached. It is fixedly attached by a connecting member 25 passed through the holes 23 and 33.

As described above, since the rotary drum 2 is directly driven by the hydraulic motor unit 3 (or the hydraulic motor 30), unlike the case of driving the engine, a reduction gear is structurally unnecessary. Further, since the rotary drum 2 is structured so as to be directly supported by the rotary bearing body 31, a bearing is structurally unnecessary. This allows the drive system to have a simple structure.

Below the processing container 1, a belt conveyor 5 is provided.
Is provided. In the belt conveyor 5, the upper transfer side corresponds to the entire length of the slope plates 111 and 121 of the processing container 1,
Furthermore, the discharge downstream side is provided so as to extend from the end of the processing container 1.

Each hydraulic motor unit 3 is operated and controlled by a hydraulic control unit 4 which is arranged on a pedestal 6 next to the processing container 1. The hydraulic control unit 4 has a general structure including a diesel engine, a compressor, etc., and thus detailed description thereof will be omitted. The rotary drum 2 may be configured to be driven not by the hydraulic motor unit 3 but by a diesel engine that constitutes the hydraulic control unit 4 via a transmission means such as a chain or a sprocket.

(Operation) The operation of the crusher A according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. (1) A required amount of an object to be processed such as a waste material is charged into the processing container 1 through the upper charging port 10. The object to be treated is accumulated in the upper part of the rotary drum 2 in the processing container 1. Since the processing container 1 has a structure elongated in one direction and the rotary drum 2 has a structure correspondingly elongated in the axial direction, even if the object to be processed is a long construction waste such as a pillar or a beam, There is no need for treatment, etc., and it can be put as it is.

(2) The hydraulic control unit 4 is operated to drive the hydraulic motor unit 3 to rotate the rotary drum 2 in one direction. By the rotation of the rotary drum 2, the moving blade 21
Is rotated and moved, and the object to be processed is moved toward one side plate 11 (or side plate 12) of the processing container 1 by each moving blade body 21.

(3) When the rotary drum 2 is further rotated, the object to be processed is moved along the entire length of each movable blade 2.
1 and each fixed blade body 16 bite and scraped from the surface side,
Or it is crushed into pieces. Since each moving blade body 21 is spirally provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum 2, each moving blade body 21 can be bitten at one time when biting an object to be processed with the fixed blade body 16. However, since the teeth are sequentially bitten, the power required for the crushing process, that is, the power required to rotate the rotary drum 2 can be averaged. As a result, excessive force does not particularly act on the drive system, and damage to the machine can be prevented. When the load due to the bite of the object to be processed is too large and the rotation of the rotary drum 2 is stopped, the crushing process can be performed in the same manner as above by rotating the rotary drum 2 in the opposite direction. In other words, the control of the rotation direction of the rotary drum 2 is
A very simple control is possible in which, if the motor is stopped in one direction due to overload, it is rotated in the opposite direction.

(4) The object to be processed that has been shredded passes through the inclined plates 111 and 121 at the bottom of the processing container 1 and falls to the conveying portion of the belt conveyor 5 that is operating, and then goes outside the processing container 1. Sent out. In this way, instead of shaving from the one end side of the object to be processed, the entire longitudinal direction is shaving, so even if the object to be processed is long and thick, such as a pillar or beam of a building, The crushing process can be done in a short time. Further, since the movable blade body 21 is made to cooperate with the fixed blade body 16 while shifting the timing of the movable blade body 21, the object to be processed is shaving and fragmented.
The object to be processed is scraped in a small range by each movable blade body 21 and fixed blade body 16, so that finer pieces can be formed.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory plan view showing another structure of the movable blade and the fixed blade, and FIG. 6 is a perspective explanatory view showing the structure of the movable blade and the fixed blade shown in FIG. The movable blade body 21a and the fixed blade body 16a according to the present embodiment are made of iron, and have substantially the same structure and have a right-angled triangular prism shape. Bolt holes 104 are provided at two positions on the slopes 101 and 102 on both sides sandwiching the tops of the blades 21a and 16a in a direction perpendicular to the mounting surface 103. A step portion 105 that communicates with the bolt hole 104 is cut out and formed in the slopes 103 and 104.

The movable blades 21a are fixed to the screw holes 24 provided in the rotary drum 2 by two bolts 106, respectively. The fixed blade body 16a is fixed to the screw holes 17 of the side surface plates 11 and 12 with two bolts 107, respectively. According to this structure, since the movable blade body 21a and the fixed blade body 16a can be attached and detached, each blade body 21a, 1
When 6a is worn or damaged, it can be easily replaced. The method of fixing the movable blade body 21a and the fixed blade body 16a is not limited to the fixing by bolts, and the movable blade body 21a and the fixed blade body 16 may be fixed by welding similarly to the movable blade body 21 and the fixed blade body 16 described above. The operation of the crusher including the movable blade body 21a and the fixed blade body 16a is almost the same as that of the crusher A, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

It should be noted that the terms and expressions used in the present specification are merely for the purpose of explanation and are not limitative, and do not exclude terms and expressions equivalent to the above terms and expressions. The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea.

[0047]

The present invention having the above-mentioned structure has the following effects. (A) The object to be processed is bitten by the moving blade and the fixed blade over the entire length thereof, and is scraped or crushed from the surface side to be shredded. That is, even if the object to be processed is a long and thick material such as a pillar or beam of a building, it can be crushed in a short time, so that work efficiency is better than that of a conventional crusher or a chipper, Excellent ability.

(B) The device provided with the delivery device can efficiently deliver the fragmented product to a predetermined place.

(C) In the case where the movable blade is spirally provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body, the movable blade must be bited at one time when the object to be processed is bitten between it and the fixed blade. Without
Since they are sequentially bitten, the power required for the crushing process, that is, the power required to rotate the rotating body can be averaged. As a result, excessive force does not particularly act on the drive system, and damage to the machine can be prevented.

(D) In the drive device having a structure in which the rotary body is directly or indirectly supported by the rotary shaft of the hydraulic motor to drive, unlike the case of the engine drive, the reduction gear is unnecessary, Further, it becomes possible to directly support the rotary shaft, and in that case, the bearing is not required, so that the drive system can have a simple structure.

(E) According to the crushing method of the present invention, the entire object in the longitudinal direction is shaved instead of shaving from one end side of the object to be processed. The crushing process can be performed in a short time. Moreover, since the workpiece is shaving and made into pieces by cooperating with the fixed blade while shifting the timing of the moving blade, the workpiece is shaving in a small range by each moving blade and the fixed blade. Can be made into small pieces.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective explanatory view showing an embodiment of a crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of the crusher shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory longitudinal sectional view showing a mounting structure of a rotary drum of the crusher shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory plan view showing the structures of a movable blade and a fixed blade.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory plan view showing another structure of the movable blade and the fixed blade.

6 is a perspective explanatory view showing structures of a movable blade and a fixed blade shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

A crusher 1 processing container 10 slot 11, 12 Side plate 110, 120 slope plate 111, 121 slope plate 13 Reinforcing rib plate 14, 15 Side plate 140, 150 outer plate 141 mounting hole 142, 152 Top plate 100 void 16 fixed blade 2 rotating drums 21 Moving blade 22 Mounting flange 23 Attachment hole 25 Connection member 3 Hydraulic motor unit 30 hydraulic motor 31 rotating bearing body 32 mounting flange 33 Attachment hole 34 Mounting plate 4 Hydraulic control unit 5 Belt conveyor 6 mounts 21a Moving blade 16a Fixed blade 101, 102 slope 103 mounting surface 104 bolt hole 105 steps 106 volts 24 screw holes 107 bolt 17 screw holes

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A crusher for slicing an object to be processed, which has a charging port and a discharging port, a processing container having a large number of fixed blades on an inner wall surface, and a rotator inside the processing container. It is provided with a rotating body having a large number of moving blades on its outer peripheral surface, and a drive device for driving the rotating body, and each moving blade has a predetermined gap between each fixed blade. A crusher characterized by being configured so that it can be rotationally moved by passing through it. 2. The crusher according to claim 1, further comprising a feeding device that feeds the processed material into pieces into the outside of the container. 3. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the movable blade body is provided in a spiral shape on an outer peripheral surface of the rotary body. 4. The crusher according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the drive device has a structure for driving the rotary body by directly or indirectly supporting the rotary body by a rotary shaft of a hydraulic motor. 5. A processing container in which a drive device has a structure in which a hydraulic motor and a rotary bearing body are integrated, the rotary bearing body is fixed to a rotary body that is a rotating side, and the hydraulic motor is a fixed side. The crusher according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the crusher is fixed to the side and the rotating body is directly driven by a rotating bearing body. 6. A crushing method for fragmenting an object to be processed including a long object, the object being held in contact with the rotating body in a state where the object is essentially parallel to the rotation axis direction of the rotating body. While rotating the rotating body, the movable blade provided on the outer peripheral portion of the rotating body and the fixed blade provided on the wall of the holding portion cooperate with each other while shifting the timing of the moving blade to scrape the workpiece. A crushing method characterized by crushing into pieces.