JPH08309214A - Vertical crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To fine and crack refuse and to homogenize moisture and to remove foreign matter. CONSTITUTION: An upper casing 3 having a refuse feeding port 2 in the upper end part and a lower casing 4 having diameter larger than that of the upper casing 3 and having a crushed refuse discharge port 28 in the lower side part are installed on a frame 1 in one body. In the central part, a rotating shaft 5 is provided. To the position of the rotating shaft 5 corresponding to the upper casing 3, crushing blades 17, crushing blades 19 and rough crushing blades 20 are fitted. To the position of the rotating shaft 5 corresponding to lower casing 4, a ring crushing blade 24, shredding blades 25 and scrapers 27 are fitted. In the boundary part of the upper and the lower casings 34, an upper screen 21 is arranged, and on the upper side of the scrapers 27, a lower screen 26 is arranged. A foreign matter discharge duct 23 is connected to the lower side part of the upper casing 3.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vertical crusher used for converting municipal solid waste into a solid fuel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, it has been attempted to recycle resources by treating and processing municipal solid waste (combustible waste), and one of them is a method of converting municipal solid waste into solid fuel.

In the process of converting municipal solid waste into a solid fuel, the crushed particle size in the crushing process, which is a pretreatment process of the compression process, is also an important key point in order to efficiently produce a solid fuel having a good shape. .

Among the conventional crushers used in the above crushing step, the vertical crusher is a cylinder having a large number of discharge holes b inside a cylindrical casing a as shown in FIG. -Shaped screens c are arranged concentrically and at a required interval, and a rotation axis f is provided at the axial center of a crushing chamber d formed inside the screen c so as to be rotated by driving a motor e. A fixed blade having a rotary blade holder h having a rotary blade g at its tip is attached to the rotary shaft f with the phase shifted vertically in two stages, and a fixed blade having a fixed blade i attached to the tip on the casing a side. The holder j is attached inward in the radial direction, and the litter thrown into the crushing chamber d from the upper feeding port k is crushed between the rotary blade g and the fixed blade i to be finely granulated. The finely pulverized litter is generated by the centrifugal force of the rotary blade g. So as to be discharged through the discharge hole b of the clean c the discharge chamber m of the outer peripheral portion of the screen c, additionally, a dust l discharged into the discharge chamber m,
There is a type in which a fan o sucks from a discharge port n on a side wall of a casing a, and a suction duct p is passed through to collect the cyclone q.

[0005]

However, in the case of the above-mentioned conventional vertical crusher, the dust l is crushed by the shearing force due to the meshing of the rotary blade g and the fixed blade i. If a hard non-combustible material such as metal is mixed in the blade, the blade will be damaged and it will not be possible to add the metal or the like.Therefore, it is necessary to remove the metal or the like in the pre-treatment. If there is a large amount of water in 1 l, it will become clogged and clog when passing through the screen c, and the water content will be 3
There is a problem that it cannot be used when the content is 0% or more. Further, since the waste is discharged only by the suction force of the fan o, the discharge processing capacity is limited.

[0006] Therefore, the present invention makes it possible to finely pulverize and disintegrate waste (eliminate lumps) and homogenize moisture, and to pretreat hard incombustible materials such as metals mixed in combustible waste. An object of the present invention is to provide a vertical crusher that can be crushed or removed as a foreign substance without being used.

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a cylindrical upper casing having a dust inlet at the upper end, and a crushed dust having a diameter larger than that of the upper casing and crushed to the lower side. A lower casing having a discharge port is integrally installed on a pedestal, and a rotating shaft rotatably supported by vertically arranging the upper and lower casings in the center is rotated by a motor installed on the gantry. Drive it,
The crushing blade, the ring crushing blade, and the rough cutting blade arranged in the upper casing are attached so as to rotate integrally with the rotary shaft, and the ring crushing blade, the shredding blade, and the scraper arranged in the lower casing. And is attached to the rotary shaft so as to rotate integrally, the scraper is aligned with the position of the crushing waste discharge port, and a coarse upper screen at the boundary between the upper casing and the lower casing,
Further, a fine lower screen is arranged above the scraper.

A foreign matter discharge duct is connected to the lower side of the upper casing.

Further, it is preferable that a clogging prevention brush for the lower screen is attached to the lower surface of the shredding blade located directly above the lower screen.

[0010]

[Operation] When dust is thrown into the upper casing through the dust input port, first, the dust bag is crushed by the crushing blade, and then the dust is coarsely crushed sequentially by the ring crushing blade and the coarse crushing blade, and the upper screen After passing through the bottom casing, it is put in the lower casing, and the ring crushing blades and shredding blades inside the lower casing further crush the dust into finer pieces, which passes through the lower screen to the bottom of the lower casing and is scraped off by a scraper. It is discharged from the shredded waste outlet.

Further, since the foreign matter discharge duct is connected to the lower side portion of the upper casing, foreign matter which cannot be crushed by the ring crushing blade and the rough cutting blade in the upper casing is mixed. The foreign matter is discharged from the foreign matter discharge duct.

Further, the clogging prevention brush for the lower screen is attached to the lower surface of the shredding blade located right above the lower screen, so that the clogging prevention brush can be integrated with the rotation of the shredding blade. Rotated to prevent clogging of the lower screen.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show an embodiment of the present invention. A cylindrical upper casing 3 having a dust inlet 2 at its upper end and a lower casing 4 having a diameter larger than that of the upper casing 3. Are integrally installed so as to communicate with each other in the vertical direction, and are installed on the pedestal 1, and a rotating shaft 5 extending in the vertical direction is arranged at the center of the upper and lower casings 3 and 4, and an inner wall of the upper casing 3 is provided. The bearing 6 is installed in the bearing housing 7 mounted on the dust drop guide 8 which is fixed to the rotary shaft 5 and is spirally arranged so that the upper end portion of the rotary shaft 5 is supported by the bearing 6 and the rotary shaft 5 is also supported. The lower end of the rotating shaft 5 is rotatably supported by a bearing 6 fixedly supported on the gantry 1, and the lower end of the rotating shaft 5 is projected to the back side of the base surface of the gantry 1, and the pulley 9 is attached to the protruding end. On the other hand, of the lower casing 4 on the mount 1. The drive shaft 10 of the motor 11 installed at the above position is projected to the back side of the base surface and the pulley 12 is attached, and the endless belt 13 is wound between the pulley 12 and the pulley 9 to drive the motor 11. The rotary shaft 5 is rotated via the pulley 12, the belt 13 and the pulley 9, and the cylindrical upper shaft cover 1 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the rotary shaft 5 at a position corresponding to the upper casing 3.
4, the lower shaft cover 1 has a diameter larger than that of the upper shaft cover 14 at a position corresponding to the lower casing 4.
5 is provided so that the shaft covers 14 and 15 can be rotated integrally with the rotary shaft 5.

At the upper end of the rotary shaft 5, a dust receiving disc 16 is provided.
Is provided, and a bag-breaking blade 17 that extends radially and has a blade edge facing upward is attached on the dust receiving disk 16, and the bag of dust 18 that is thrown in from the dust throwing port 2 can be rotated by the rotating shaft 5. Use the bag-breaking blade 17 to tear. Further, the upper shaft cover 14 integrated with the rotary shaft 5 is provided with ring crushing blades 19 such as chains at a plurality of positions (for example, four positions) at an upper stage portion at appropriate intervals in a circumferential direction to rotate the same. When the shaft 5 rotates, it becomes horizontal as shown in the figure so that it can rotate, and at the middle and the lower part, a rough cutting in which a proper number of bits 20b are fixedly mounted on a bit holder 20a extending in the radial direction. The blades 20 are attached to a plurality of places (for example, to two places) at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction and at different phases so as not to overlap in the vertical direction, and the dust 18 dropped by the bag breaking bag is broken by the ring crushing blade 19 And the rough cutting blade 20, and the upper casing 3
There is an opening of 50-100 at the boundary between the lower casing 4 and
A coarse perforated plate upper screen 21 having a size of about mm is arranged so that the crushed dust 18 is dropped and fed through the upper screen 21 into the lower casing 4.
Further, the discharge damper 2 is provided on the lower side of the upper casing 3.
The foreign matter discharge duct 23 provided with 2 is connected and communicated so that the foreign matter such as metal not crushed by the ring crushing blade 19 and the rough cutting blade 20 can be discharged through the foreign matter discharge duct 23.

Further, a ring-like crushing blade 24 such as a chain is attached to the lower shaft cover 15 at the upper stage in the same manner as the ring crushing blade 19 and extends in the upper and lower two stages of the middle stage in the radial direction. The shredding blades 25, each having a suitable number of bits 25b fixedly mounted on the bit holder 25a, are shifted in phase at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction so that they do not overlap with each other in the upper and lower directions. ) A lower screen 26 made of a fine perforated plate having a mesh opening of about 30 mm is arranged below the shredding blade 25 which is attached and located in the lower stage, and the ring shredding blade 24 and shredding blade 25 are provided.
The dust 18 shredded by and is made to fall through the lower screen 26 to the bottom of the lower casing 4, and further the dust 18 dropped to the bottom of the lower casing 4 at the lowermost stage of the lower shaft cover 15. A scraper 27 for scraping off the scraps is attached, and a crushed dust discharge port 28 for discharging the dust 18 scraped by the scraper 27 is opened at a part of a side wall portion corresponding to the scraper 27 of the lower casing 4, A shredded waste discharge duct 29 is connected to the shredded waste discharge port 28, and the shredded blade 25 located directly above the lower screen 26 is rotated integrally with the shredded blade 25 on the lower surface of the bit holder 25a. A clogging prevention brush 30 that rubs the lower screen 26 is attached.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 31 designates upper and lower casings 3 and 4.
In order to guide the air flow 32 generated by the rotation of each blade inside the shredded waste discharge duct 29 to the outside and to circulate it again in the upper and lower casings 3 and 4, throwing in the shredded waste discharge duct 29 and dust. 2 shows an air duct connected between the mouth 2 and the reference numeral 33 in FIG. 2 when the ring crushing blade 24 in the lower casing 4 rotates from the downward hanging state, the upper and lower shredding blades 25 In order to prevent the entanglement, the entanglement prevention plate is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the lower shaft cover 15 by projecting a required length in the radial direction so as to sandwich the ring crushing blade 24. Although not shown, the upper shaft cover 14
Similarly, an entanglement prevention plate is also fixed to the outer peripheral surface portion so as to sandwich the ring crushing blade 19.

When the motor 11 is driven to rotate the rotary shaft 5, the dust receiving disk 16 and the bag-breaking blade 17 are rotated, and the rotary shaft 5 and the lower shaft covers 14 and 15 are rotated together. The ring crushing blade 19 and the rough cutting blade 20 in the upper casing 3, and the ring crushing blade 24, the shredding blade 25, and the scraper 27 in the lower casing 4 are simultaneously rotated through.

In the above state, the dust inlet 2 at the upper end
When a garbage bag containing the garbage 18 is placed on the garbage receiving disk 16, the garbage bag is sent to the outer peripheral side in the upper casing 3 by the action of centrifugal force due to the rotation of the garbage receiving disk 16, and at that time, The rotating bag-breaking blade 17 breaks the garbage bag. Next, the garbage (including the garbage bag) from the garbage bag 1
8 is dropped while being swirled by the swirling flow of air generated by the centrifugal force along the spiral dust drop guide 8 and roughly crushed by the ring crushing blade 19 and the rough cutting blade 20, and then the upper screen 21. And is fed into the lower casing 4. At this time, even if a metal is mixed in the dust 18, the ring crushing blade 19 and the rough cutting blade 20 are crushed by the crushing force, not by the shearing force, so that the metal can be crushed without any trouble in the empty can level. it can. On the other hand, if a hard foreign matter that cannot be crushed even by the crushing force of the ring crushing blade 19 and the rough cutting blade 20 is contained, it cannot pass through the upper screen 21.
Will accumulate on top. Therefore, after the operation is stopped,
The discharge damper 22 provided in the discharge duct 23 is operated to suck and discharge the foreign matter.

Then, the dust 18 sent into the lower casing 4 is crushed by the ring crushing blade 24 and the shredding blade 25. At this time, the ring crushing blade 24 and the shredding blade 25
Is provided corresponding to the lower casing 4 having a diameter larger than that of the upper casing 3, the ring crushing blade 24 and the shredding blade 25 in the lower casing 4 are the ring crushing blade 19 and the rough cutting in the upper casing 3. Since the peripheral speed is higher than that of the blade 20 at the outer peripheral position, the dust 18 is easily atomized by a large crushing force. Next, the finely pulverized dust 18 passes through the lower screen 26 and is sent to the bottom of the lower casing 4, and is subjected to the scraping action of the scraper 27 rotating at this position to generate a crushed dust discharge port 28 by centrifugal force. Through the crushed waste discharge duct 29. At this time, the shredding blade 2 located at the bottom
Since the lower screen 26 can be always cleaned during operation by the clogging prevention brush 30 attached to the lower surface of 5,
The lower screen 26 does not become clogged.

In the above description, the dust 18 introduced through the dust inlet 2 is crushed by the crushing blade 17, and then crushed by the ring crushing blade 19 and the coarse crushing blade 20 one after another to the ring crushing blade 24 and Since it is crushed by the shredding blade 25, it can be finely crushed and crushed, and at the same time, the water can be blown off by the centrifugal force to be homogenized. or,
In the above, the refuse 18 that has passed through the lower screen 26
Is discharged by the scraping force of the scraper 27 and the centrifugal force generated at that time, so that the discharging capacity can be stabilized as compared with the case where the suction force of the fan is used, and at this time, the rotation of each blade The generated air flow 32 can be circulated so as to be guided again from the shredded waste discharge duct 29 through the air duct 31 and the waste inlet 2 into the upper and lower casings 3 and 4, so that It is possible to provide a flow for smoothly passing through the lower screens 21 and 26 and discharging.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and the mounting interval in the circumferential direction of each blade and the number of mounting steps in the vertical direction can be arbitrarily selected, and in the embodiment, the lower screen is used. Clog prevention brush 3 for 26
0 is attached to the lower surface of the lowermost shredding blade 25, but it is optional to attach the clogging prevention brush for the upper screen 21 to the lower surface of the lowermost coarse cutting blade 20. Needless to say, various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0023]

As described above, according to the vertical crusher of the present invention, the following excellent effects are exhibited. (1) Garbage thrown into the upper casing can be crushed by a crushing blade and roughly crushed by a crushing force with a ring crushing blade and a coarse crushing blade, and also sent into the lower casing. Since the dust can be crushed by the crushing force with the ring crushing blade and the shredding blade, the dust is crushed without pressing and pressing.
Not only can it be crushed, the water content can be homogenized, and even if metals are mixed, it can be crushed without any trouble. (2) Since the crushed dust is scraped off by a scraper and discharged by centrifugal force, stable discharge processing capacity can be obtained. (3) By providing a foreign matter discharge duct on the lower side of the upper casing, even if foreign matter that is not crushed by the ring crushing blade and the rough cutting blade is mixed in the dust, the foreign matter is discharged through the foreign matter discharge duct. Can be discharged. (4) By attaching the clogging prevention brush for the lower screen to the lower surface of the shredding blade located directly above the lower screen, the clogging of the lower screen can be eliminated and stable crushing work for a long time It can be performed. (5) Since the process from crushing bag to crushing and crushing can be performed, it can contribute to the reduction of construction cost and maintenance cost by adopting it to the solid waste fuel conversion process.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a vertical crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line II-II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a conventional vertical crusher.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Stand 2 Garbage Inlet 3 Upper Casing 4 Lower Casing 5 Rotating Axis 11 Motor 17 Bag Cutter Blade 18 Garbage 19 Ring Crushing Blade 20 Rough Cutting Blade 21 Upper Screen 23 Foreign Material Discharge Duct 24 Ring Crushing Blade 25 Shredding Blade 26 Lower Screen 27 Scraper 28 Crushed dust discharge port 30 Brush for preventing clogging

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Toshio Toda 1 at 984 Takumacho, Innoshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A cylindrical upper casing having a dust inlet at its upper end and a lower casing having a diameter larger than that of the upper casing and having a shredded dust outlet on its lower side are integrally installed on a pedestal. A rotating shaft rotatably supported in the upper and lower casings in the central portion in the vertical direction is rotatably driven by a motor installed on a frame,
The crushing blade, the ring crushing blade, and the rough cutting blade arranged in the upper casing are attached so as to rotate integrally with the rotary shaft, and the ring crushing blade, the shredding blade, and the scraper arranged in the lower casing. And is attached to the rotary shaft so as to rotate integrally, the scraper is aligned with the position of the crushing waste discharge port, and a coarse upper screen at the boundary between the upper casing and the lower casing,
A vertical crusher characterized in that a fine lower screen is arranged on the upper side of the scraper. 2. The vertical crusher according to claim 1, wherein a foreign matter discharge duct is connected to a lower side portion of the upper casing. 3. The vertical crusher according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a clogging prevention brush for the lower screen is attached to the lower surface of the shredding blade located right above the lower screen.