JP2002282831A - Contaminant separation equipment of heterogeneous mixture including raw garbage or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide contaminant separation equipment that can easily separate a contaminant from a heterogeneous mixture that includes packaging materials, etc., in the raw garbage, and heighten a regeneration and recycling rate of the raw garbage. SOLUTION: The equipment comprises a rotary axis 22 which is arranged along the depth direction of a fractionation body part 10 and a vane part 25 which is provided to the rotary axis. It is also provided with a rotary destruction member 24 which pulverizes raw wastes G up to less than specified sizes by rotation of the vane part 25 within the fractionation body part 10, thereby the raw wastes G having relatively large specific gravity is broken into pieces less than prescribed sizes by the rotary destruction member 24 and discharged to outside of the fractionation body part 10 from the fractionation hole 12. Meanwhile, relatively lightweight and flexible heterogeneous contaminant X is easily separated from the mixture M including raw wastes. In addition, a wind is generated by a wind direction guide part 72 fixed to the fractionation body part 10 and the rotary vane part 25. It carries the heterogeneous contaminant X remaining inside the fractionation body part 10 to a recovery part.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating foreign substances such as garbage.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Raw garbage, if left untreated, tends to rot within a short period of time, causing foul odors, water pollution of rivers, and environmental pollution, and flies, mosquitoes and other pests. There is a possibility that. Especially in food processing factories where a large amount of processing residue is generated every day as garbage, restaurants and restaurants where leftovers are left out, and even food stores and supermarkets where unsold food waste is generated,
It is a serious problem that cannot be left alone. Such so-called business garbage may be subject to restrictions on collection by local governments. Is increasing. In addition, the garbage used here includes animal and plant food waste (least leftovers and cooking waste) as defined in the Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law, as well as animal and plant food waste (expiration date and expiration date). Foods and ingredients) and organic waste.

[0003]

These garbage are mixed with light-weight (lower specific gravity than garbage) foreign contaminants such as packaging materials (vinyl chloride resin containers, wrapping materials for packaging, etc.). Often do. If the packaging materials and the like remain mixed, it may be difficult to compost the raw garbage, convert it to feed, and the like. However, it is practically difficult to separate packaging materials such as wraps and packs from a mixture of garbage and the like by hand.Therefore, a small percentage of garbage is recycled, and many are disposed of in landfills or incinerated. Is the current situation.

An object of the present invention is to easily separate foreign contaminants from a mixture of garbage and the like in which foreign contaminants such as packaging materials are mixed in the garbage, and to increase the rate of regeneration and recycling of garbage. It is in.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an apparatus for separating foreign contaminants from a mixture of garbage and the like, in which foreign contaminants such as a packaging material are mixed in the garbage. In, while accommodating the mixture such as garbage at a certain filling rate or less, a separation body portion provided with a separation hole that does not pass the foreign contaminant while passing the garbage of a predetermined size or less, the A rotating shaft disposed inside the sorting body along the depth direction of the sorting body, and a crushing unit (segmenting unit or blade) provided on the rotating shaft.
A rotary crushing member that crushes the garbage to a size equal to or less than the predetermined size by rotation in the sorting body, a driving device that rotates the rotary crushing member, and the garbage etc. mixture in the sorting body. In order to cooperate with the rotating shaft of the rotating crushing member, the rotating shaft is provided integrally and coaxially with the rotating shaft, or connected to the rotating shaft via a rotation transmitting means such as a gear to supply the rotation. A rotation supply device that supplies a predetermined amount of the garbage and the like mixture to the sorting body by being rotated in association with the rotation speed of the rotary crushing member using the driving device of the crushing member as a common driving source. The driving of the driving device causes the rotation supply device to rotate to supply the mixture such as the garbage to the separation body, and the rotary crushing member to rotate to remove the garbage within a certain amount in the separation body. Crushed into particles or fragments each having a size of, and only the crushed garbage is discharged out of the separation body from the large number of separation holes, while the foreign matter is left in the separation body. And thereby separating the foreign contaminants from the mixture such as garbage.

[0006] As described above, the foreign contaminants are mainly light-weight packaging materials, and the term "lightweight" means a material having a specific gravity smaller than the specific gravity of garbage. In addition, the meaning of the term “crushing” means that garbage is subdivided into particles or fragments, and the crushing member refers to a member for such subdivision. In this sense, crushing can be replaced by fragmentation, and crushing members can be replaced by fragmentation members.

In the present invention, garbage having a relatively large specific gravity is crushed by a rotary crushing member to a size equal to or less than a predetermined size, and discharged to the outside of the separation body from the separation hole. On the other hand, the extraneous contaminants such as relatively light (small specific gravity) packaging materials and the like are left in the sorting body, so that the extraneous contaminants can be separated from the mixture such as garbage. Therefore, the separation work of the foreign contaminants from the mixture such as garbage can be efficiently performed, and an environment in which the garbage is recycled / recycled (or eliminated) in the subsequent processing is prepared.

Further, in the present invention, the rotation supply device is rotated in association with the rotation speed of the rotary crushing member by using the driving device for the rotary crushing member as a common driving source. As a result, a certain amount of garbage and the like mixture is supplied to the sorting body,
The garbage is crushed by the rotary crushing member and discharged from the separation hole to the outside of the separation body, and the amount of the discharged garbage can be substantially equal to the supply amount of the garbage and the like. It is avoided that the supply amount of the equal mixture becomes too large or too small, and the appropriate amount supply is realized without using complicated control.

Further, according to the present invention, the wind for recovering the foreign contaminants left in the separation body without passing through the separation hole,
It is desirable to include a blower recovery means generated or supplied to the separation body. Light foreign matter can be easily separated from garbage by the wind supplied by the air collection means. That is, the foreign contaminants (light-weight packaging material and the like) remaining in the sorting body are blown off by the action of the wind and collected by the collection unit.

[0010] Here, the rotary crushing member protrudes from the rotating shaft arranged substantially concentrically with the center line of the separating body, toward the cylindrical inner peripheral surface of the separating body, and has a tip close to the inner peripheral surface. When the crushing blade portion is provided, foreign matters can be separated from the garbage by utilizing the wind generated by the rotation of the crushing blade portion. That is, the rotary crushing member functions as the air collecting means. In this case, by providing a wind direction guide plate at an appropriate position in the separation body, the flow of the wind in the separation body is adjusted, in other words, the flow of the wind toward the collection unit is generated. Is made more efficient.

In the present invention, the separated garbage and the foreign contaminants can be separately recovered, and various recovery means can be used. For example, for garbage after crushing, a conveyance and collection unit using a screw conveyor, a conveyance and collection unit using a belt conveyor, a collection unit that receives a pallet, and the like can be used. on the other hand,
For the foreign contaminants, in addition to the air collection means for supplying the wind generated by the rotary crushing member having the crushing blades to the separation body, the air supply for supplying the pressure air generated by the separately provided blower to the separation body. A collecting means, a scraping and collecting means for scraping off extraneous contaminants in the sorting body can be employed.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of an apparatus for separating foreign substances such as garbage and the like (hereinafter, simply referred to as a separator) according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view of the same. The foreign matter separation device 1 has a separation body 10 that separates the mixture M such as garbage supplied by the rotary supply device 40 into garbage G and foreign matter X (see FIG. 3). The garbage G can be taken out from the garbage take-out port 61 and the foreign matter X can be taken out from the foreign matter take-out passage 62, and the garbage G is used as a raw material for composting processing, feed conversion processing and the like.

The separating body 10 of the foreign matter separation apparatus 1
The punching metal (porous metal) having an inner peripheral surface formed in a sideways cylindrical surface along a substantially horizontal direction, and a lower portion of the cylindrical inner peripheral surface having a large number of separation holes 12 formed therein. Member). The sorting body 10 accommodates the mixture M such as garbage at a filling rate below a certain level, and
Has a size (for example, a hole diameter of 20 to 40 mm × a pitch of 10 to 50 m) that allows the garbage G having a size equal to or less than a predetermined size to pass while preventing foreign matter X (wrapping material such as wrap) from passing therethrough.
m). In this embodiment, the separation hole 1
Although 2 is formed only on the lower portion of the inner peripheral surface of the sorting body 10, it may be formed over the entire circumference.

A rotating shaft 22 is arranged inside the separating body 10 along the depth direction of the separating body 10, and a crushing blade (hereinafter simply referred to as a blade) 25 is provided on the rotating shaft 22. I have. The blade part 25 includes a motor 31 and a reduction gear 3
2 and the like by the driving device 30 composed of
Inside the garbage G together with the rotating shaft 22
Of the rotary crushing member 24 for crushing to a size equal to or less than a predetermined size.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the blade portion 25 is substantially concentric with the center line O (see FIG. 2) of the cylindrical inner peripheral surface of the sorting body 10 when viewed from the axial direction. A plurality of rotating shafts 22 are arranged at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction (4 in the figure).
) Is fixed, protrudes toward the cylindrical inner peripheral surface of the sorting body 10, and the tip is close to the inner peripheral surface. Note that the blade portion 25 has a long plate shape that extends over substantially the entire length of the rotating shaft 22 in the axial direction.

Returning to FIG. 1, the foreign matter separation apparatus 1 includes:
In order to supply the mixture M such as garbage to the sorting body 10, the rotating shaft 2
2 and a rotation supply device 40 provided integrally and coaxially. The rotation supply device 40 includes the rotation crushing member 2.
4 as a common drive source for the rotary crushing member 2
A predetermined amount of the mixture M such as garbage is supplied to the sorting body 10 by being rotated in association with the rotation speed of 4.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the rotation supply device 40 includes an extension shaft provided coaxially with the rotation shaft 22 of the rotary crushing member 24 so as to be located on an extension of the rotation shaft 22. (Screw shaft) 41, and a screw 43 having a spiral blade 42 formed on the outer periphery of the extension shaft 41;
A housing 44 for housing the screw 43 therein.
And an inlet (supply port) 45 formed in the housing 44 to allow the mixture M such as garbage to enter the housing 44.

The separation and removal of the foreign matter X from the garbage mixture M is performed as follows. When the rotary crushing member 24 and the screw 43 rotate in synchronization with each other by the driving device 30, a certain amount of the mixture M such as garbage is supplied to the separation body 10. The rotary crushing member 24 rotates to crush the garbage G into particles or fragments of a certain size or less in the sorting body 10, and only the crushed garbage G is separated from the large number of sorting holes 12 through the sorting body. It is discharged out of 10. On the other hand, since the foreign substance X is in the form of a sheet, it does not become small enough to pass through the separation hole 12 without being crushed, or even if it is slightly crushed, and remains in the separation body 10. Thereby, the foreign substance X is separated from the mixture M such as garbage.

At this time, the rotary shaft 22 of the rotary crushing member 24
It is assumed that the screw shaft (extended shaft) 41 of the rotation supply device 40 rotates synchronously, and the combination (adjustment) of the rotation shaft 22 and the transfer amount per rotation of the screw shaft 41 causes the garbage G In addition, since the discharge amount of the foreign matter X and the supply amount of the garbage mixture M are made substantially equal to each other, an appropriate amount of the garbage mixture M can be supplied into the sorting body 10. In order to make the discharge amount of the garbage G and the foreign substance X substantially equal to the supply amount of the garbage mixture M, the rotating shaft 22 and the screw shaft 41 are required.
May be rotated synchronously by transmitting a driving force through rotation transmission means such as gears. In this case, if a transmission device or the like (supply amount adjusting device) that changes the gear ratio is provided, a relative relationship between the processing amount per unit time in the separation body 10 and the supply amount to the separation body 10 is generated. It can also be changed according to the type of trash.

The separating device 1 is provided with a separating body 1 through a separating hole 12.
Garbage collection means 5 for collecting garbage G discharged outside
0 and a wind collecting means 70 for supplying or generating a wind (also referred to as a pressure wind) for collecting the foreign contaminant X remaining in the separation body 10 without passing through the separation hole 12 to the separation body 10. And

The garbage collection means 50 includes the rotary crushing member 24.
And a screw conveyor 51 having a spiral blade 52 while being driven by a collection driving device 80 including a motor 81, a reduction gear 82, and the like. The garbage G falling from the sorting body 10 is transported toward the garbage outlet 61.

In this case, the air collecting means 70 is
A rotary crushing member (blade) 24 that generates a wind (also referred to as a pressure wind) in the separation body 10 by the rotation of 5, and an inlet side (the screw 43 side) in the separation body 10
And a wind direction guide portion 72 for generating a flow of wind from the air flow to the opposite side (outlet side). In this example, a plurality of bow-shaped (arc-shaped) wind direction guide plates 72 are attached to the separation body 10.
Is fixed along the upper part of the cylindrical inner peripheral surface of the first member. In addition, the wind direction guide part 72 may be formed intermittently or continuously along a helix centering on the axis of the sorting body part 10. In any case, the air flow generated by the rotation of the blade portion 25 is separated by the wind direction guide portion 7 in the separation body 10.
2 generates an air flow (wind) from one end side to the other end side of the separation body 10, and this wind causes the separation holes 12.
Is blown off (conveyed by wind) on the extraneous contaminants X remaining in the separation body 10 without passing through the separating body 10. That is, since the foreign matter X is usually lighter (having a lower specific gravity) than the garbage G, the wind generated by the rotation of the blade portion 25 enables the wind selection of the garbage G and the foreign matter X. In this way, the foreign matter X remaining in the sorting body 10 is discharged to the foreign matter discharge passage 62.

In the above-described wind formation due to the interaction between the rotation of the blade portion 25 and the wind direction guide portion (guide plate) 72, wind is generated from one end of the separation body 10 to the other end. Air is guided into the separation body 10 from the separation hole 12 of the punching metal and the entrance 45 of the mixture such as garbage in the separation body 10 in accordance with the wind, and the steady flow of the wind is continued.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the foreign matter X discharged into the foreign matter discharge passage 62 is guided to a cyclone collecting device 63 (centrifugal collecting means). The foreign contaminants X that flow down while rotating along the outer cylinder inner wall and the conical portion of the cyclone collecting device 63 are discharged out of the machine from the lower foreign contaminant outlet 64 and stored on the pallet 65 or the like. . On the other hand, air is discharged from the air outlet 66 of the cyclone collecting device 63.

In this embodiment, the garbage is collected by the screw conveyor 51 and the like, and the foreign matter is collected by the blade 25 and the wind direction guide 72. Recovery means can be used.

For example, for garbage after crushing, (1) conveying and collecting means using a belt conveyor, (2) collecting means for moving along a gutter having an inclined bottom surface, and (3) receiving in a container such as a pallet. Collection means or the like can be employed.

On the other hand, for the foreign matter, (1) air collecting means for supplying the pressure air generated by the blower to the separation body (2) capture and collection of the foreign matter selected by the wind through a net or a filter Means (3) A scraping and collecting means for scraping off foreign contaminants in the sorting body can be employed.

In this embodiment, the axis of the sorting body is substantially horizontal, but it may be provided in the vertical direction or the like.
Further, the driving source 8 of the conveyor device 50 such as a screw for transporting the garbage discharged from the sorting body 10 in FIG.
0 may be omitted, and the discharged garbage may be transported (via a predetermined power transmission device) using the driving source 31 of the rotary crushing member 24 and the screw 43 as a common driving source.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of an apparatus for separating foreign substances such as garbage as one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a first side view in which a part of FIG. 1 is removed.

FIG. 4 is a second side view in which a part of FIG. 1 is removed.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heterogeneous mixture isolation | separation apparatus of a mixture, such as garbage 10 Separation trunk | drum 12 Separation hole 22 Rotation shaft 24 Rotation crushing member (crushing action part) 25 Crushing blade part 30 Drive device 40 Rotary supply device 41 Extension shaft 42 Spiral blade 43 Screw 44 Housing 45 Inlet (supply port) 70 Air collection means 72 Wind direction guide

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B07B 1/46 B07B 7/00 Z 7/00 B09B 5/00 ZABL

Claims (5)

[Claims] An apparatus for separating a foreign mixture from a mixture of garbage and the like in which a foreign mixture such as a packaging material is mixed in the garbage, wherein the mixture of the garbage and the like is filled at a certain rate or less. A separating body having a separating hole for accommodating and passing the garbage having a size equal to or less than a predetermined size while not allowing the foreign contaminant to pass through, inside the separating body, in a depth direction of the separating body. A rotary crushing member provided with a rotary shaft disposed along the rotary shaft and a crushing portion provided on the rotary shaft, and crushing the garbage to a size equal to or less than the predetermined size by rotation in the sorting body; A driving device for rotating the, and for supplying the mixture such as garbage to the separation body,
The drive of the rotary crushing member is provided integrally and coaxially with the rotary shaft so as to cooperate with the rotary shaft of the rotary crushing member, or connected to the rotary shaft via a rotation transmission means such as a gear. A rotation supply device that supplies a predetermined amount of the garbage or the like mixture to the sorting body by being rotated in association with the rotation speed of the rotary crushing member as a common drive source, By the drive, the rotation supply device rotates to supply the mixture such as the garbage to the separation body, and the rotary crushing member rotates to remove the garbage into particles having a size equal to or less than a certain size in the separation body. Or crushed into fragments,
While only the crushed garbage is discharged out of the separation body from a large number of the separation holes, the foreign matter is left in the separation body to remove the foreign matter from the mixture such as the garbage. An apparatus for separating foreign contaminants of a mixture such as garbage, which is separated. 2. The garbage according to claim 1, further comprising a blast collecting means for supplying a wind for collecting the foreign contaminants left in the separation body without passing through the separation hole to the separation body. Separation device for heterogeneous contaminants of equal mixture. 3. An extension shaft provided coaxially with the rotation shaft of the rotary crushing member so as to be located on an extension of the rotation shaft of the rotation crushing member, and a spiral formed on the outer periphery of the extension shaft. A screw provided with a blade, a housing for housing the screw therein, and a supply port formed in the housing for the mixture of the garbage and the like, wherein the rotary crushing member and the screw are synchronized by the driving device. A fixed amount of the garbage or the like mixture is supplied to the separation body by rotating the garbage, and the garbage is crushed by the rotary crushing member and discharged out of the separation body from the separation hole. 3. The apparatus for separating foreign substances such as garbage and the like according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of discharge and the amount of supply of the garbage or the like are substantially equal. 4. The separating body has an inner peripheral surface formed in a laterally inclined cylindrical surface substantially in a horizontal direction, and a large number of the separating holes are provided in at least a lower portion of the cylindrical inner peripheral surface. Formed, on the other hand, the rotating crushing member, the rotating shaft arranged substantially concentrically with the center line of the cylindrical inner peripheral surface of the sorting body, and the cylindrical shape of the sorting body from the rotating axis. A crushing blade portion protruding toward the inner peripheral surface and having a tip close to the inner peripheral surface, and a spiral blade provided on an outer periphery as an extension shaft in a form in which the rotating shaft is extended to the outside of the sorting body portion. 3. The apparatus for separating foreign matter from a mixture of garbage and the like according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the screw shaft is formed. 5. A wind direction guide portion is formed on an inner peripheral surface of the separation body portion so as to be inclined with respect to an axial direction of the separation body portion, and a circumferential air flow generated by rotation of the crushing blade portion. The wind is adjusted by hitting the wind direction guide portion to generate a wind heading from one end side to the other end side of the separation body portion, and the foreign matter is transported to the collection portion on the wind. 2. The apparatus for separating foreign matter from a mixture of garbage and the like according to 1.