NL1009925C2 - Device for shredding solid material. - Google Patents

Description

Short designation: Device for shredding solid material.

The invention relates to a device for shredding solid material, comprising a frame, which comprises a solid bottom and a peripheral wall, a screen body rotatably mounted in the frame and a wall, a cutting body rotatably mounted in the frame, wherein the cutting body is arranged eccentrically within the screen body, a receiving space formed between the screen body and the frame, first driving means for driving a rotation of the screen body, second driving means for driving a rotation of the cutting body, a supply opening for supplying the material to be shredded and a discharge opening communicating with the collecting space for discharging shredded material.

Such a device is known, for example, from

WO-92/11945. This known device comprises a rotatable I.

drum, a cylindrical wall of which is substantially vertical, and a bottom provided with sieve openings, so that shredded material can fall into a collecting bin arranged under the drum. Near the bottom T

The rotatable drum has a rotatable cutting body in the form of a disc with knives. The disc is eccentric with respect to the drum and parallel to the bottom of the drum. The material 1 to be shredded is fed to the drum via a feed tray placed above the drum 25.

Such devices are used inter alia

for shredding branches, tree stumps or I.

construction waste. In addition, it may happen that hard components, such as stones or pieces of metal, together with the material

shredding material will end up in the establishment. I

A drawback of the known device is that shredded material only falls through the sieve openings in the collecting bin when a shredded particle is located exactly in front of a sieve opening.

An object of the present invention is to provide a solid shredding device in which shredded particles have a greater chance of falling through the screen openings than in the known device.

For this purpose the cutting body and the wall of the screen body of the device according to the invention are substantially conical in shape and screen openings are arranged in the wall of the screen body.

With such an arrangement, shredded material is thrown against the wall of the screen body and slides down the conical wall. The shredded material passes several screen openings as it slides down, so that the properly sized shredded material has multiple chances of falling through the screen openings into the hopper.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the device is provided with discharge means for discharging contaminants. The discharge means preferably comprise a chute.

With such a device, hard components, such as stones or pieces of metal that end up in the device together with the material to be shredded, can be removed from the device. This prevents debris from being thrown out of the drum by the rotating cutting body during operation, creating dangerous situations for operating personnel. Moreover, with such an apparatus it is avoided that hard components which are too large to fall through the sieve openings remain in the drum during operation and come into contact with the blades of the cutting body again and again, whereby these are seriously damaged.

These and other advantages of the device according to the invention will be elucidated in detail in the following description of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention with reference to the drawing, in which: figure 1 is a vertical section of a schematically shown device according to the invention, 5 and figure 2 shows the attachment of a cutting knife in the cutting body according to the invention.

Figure 1 schematically shows a device according to the invention for shredding solid material, such as, for example, prunings, tree stumps or construction waste. The device according to the invention comprises a frame 1 with a peripheral wall 30 and a bottom 31, and a cover 2 detachably connected to the frame. In the cover 2 a supply opening 3 for the material to be shredded is arranged. If desired, a holder for the shredding material can be arranged on the frame 1, which feed the shredding material in a dosed manner via the supply opening 3.

A screen body 5 is supported on a flange edge 4 of the frame 1. The screen body 5 can rotate relative to the frame 1. For this purpose the screen body 5 is provided on an upper circumferential edge with wheels 6 which are received in a circular arrangement arranged in the flange edge 4. guide groove 7. The top circumferential edge of the screen body 5 is further provided with a gear ring 8.

A motor 17 is mounted on the frame 1, which can rotate the screen body 5 with the aid of a gear wheel 19 which engages the gear ring 8.

The sieve body 5 hangs freely rotating in the frame 1 30 and defines a sieve space 23. The sieve body 5 has a funnel-shaped wall 32 with sieve openings 33, the size of which determines the size of the scraps passed. The screen body 5 may, for example, be made of a frame stretched over mesh, of metal strips or welded crosswise over each other or of perforated plates. The screen body 5 encloses with its lower edge a non-moving raised bottom part 9 of the frame 1. In the raised bottom part 9 a discharge opening 34 for hard components is provided, in which a spiral-shaped chute 12 is arranged in the discharge opening 34.

At the outer periphery of the screen body 5, carriers 10 are arranged near the bottom 31 of the frame 1. The drivers 10 are therefore located in a collecting space 24 formed between the screen body 5 and the frame 1. Furthermore, a discharge opening 11 10 for shredded material is arranged in the bottom 31 of the frame 1.

A cutting body 14 is rotatably arranged in the screen body 5. The cutting body 14 is frusto-conical with the top angle of the cutting body 14 corresponding to the top angle of the screen body 5. The cutting body 14 is eccentric with respect to the screen body 5, such that the cutting body 14 "touches" the screen body 5.

The cutting body 14 is supported on its underside with a shaft 25 in the raised bottom part 9 by means of a bearing 13. At the top, the screen body 14 is supported on the shaft 25 and is supported by means of a bearing 16 which with the cover 2 is connected. The cover 2 provides the stable position of the cutting body 14 during operation. A motor 18 rotates the cutting body 14 in rotation. Cutting blades 15 are arranged on the conical surface of the cutting body 14. The cutting blades 15 are releasably connected to the cutting body 14.

As shown in more detail in Figure 2, the cutting body 14 preferably has a three-piece wall construction composed of an outer cone wall 20, a center cone wall 21 and an inner cone wall 22. The outer cone wall 20 and the center cone wall 21 are provided with openings and cooperate to receive the cutting blades 15. The inner cone wall 22 35 secures the cutting knives 15. In this way, a robust cutting body is obtained, from which the cutting knives 15 can be easily removed after taking out. The inner cone wall 22. The inner cone wall 22 can be removed using a hoisting device. The hoisting implement (not shown) can for instance be formed by a hydraulic arm which is connected to the frame 1. Such a hydraulic arm could serve as an additional stabilizer for the cutting body 14.

Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a part of the screen body 14 along the line II in figure 1, which is a schematic representation of the attachment of a cutting knife 15. The cutting knife 15 is substantially L-shaped with a base 23. The cutting blade 15 is provided with a cutting edge 24. In the outer cone wall 20 of the cutting body 14, openings 25 are provided through which the cutting blade 15 can be inserted. The base 23 prevents the cutting blade 1 from passing through the opening 25. Openings 26 are provided in the middle conical wall 21 of the cutting body 14

whose dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the I.

foot 23. The inner cone wall 22 finally prevents the cutting blade 15 from being pushed out of the openings. For the application of the cutting blades 15, first the r conical wall 21 is placed in the outer cone wall 20 in a predetermined manner, for example with the aid of positioning cams. The cutting blades are then turned into 15 ï.

25 are placed in openings 25 and 26. Finally, the inner cone wall 22 is placed in the middle cone wall 21 as securing for the cutting blades 15. =

In another embodiment, not shown, the middle cone wall 21 is omitted and the inner cone wall 22 abuts directly against the cutting blades 15.

The cutting blades 15 are in a regular pattern

distributed over the outer surface of the cutting body 14. I

If desired, cutting blades 15 can also be arranged on an upper surface 26 of the cutting body 14, which cutting blades are preferably secured to the cutting body 14 by means of a bolt connection. "

The operation of the device is as follows: 9 2 5 6

The motors 17, 18 are actuated by means of control means (not shown), so that the sieve body 5 and the cutting body 14 start to rotate in the opposite direction. For example, the screen body 5 rotates clockwise, viewed from above, and the cutting body 14 counterclockwise. The ratio between the speed of rotation of the cutting body 14 and the speed of rotation of the screen body 5 is large. Preferably, the screen body 5 rotates at 20 to 25 revolutions per minute. The speed of rotation of the cutting body 14 is preferably between 500 and 600 revolutions per minute. Due to the conical shape of both the sieve body 5 and the cutting body 14, the peripheral speeds of the sieve body 5 and the cutting body 15 depend on the distance to the raised bottom part 9. Near the bottom part 9, the peripheral speeds are lower than near the cover 2.

In a preferred embodiment of the cutting body 14, the cutting body 14 is hollow. Since the mass 20 of the cutting body 14 is substantially on the outer periphery of the cutting body 14, the cutting body 14 acts as a flywheel, which has a favorable effect on the shredding action of the cutting body 14 and on the energy requirement for keeping the cutting body 14 in rotation during operation. In another embodiment, not shown, the cutting body 14 is formed with a solid part, which secures the cutting blades 15.

The cutting body 14 is preferably made of metal. In the embodiment with the solid part, the solid part can be made of plastic.

During operation impulse forces act on the cutting body 14, as a result of which the cutting body 14 can become unbalanced.

| The bearings 13, 16 in the raised bottom part 9! the cover 2 respectively prevents the imbalance of the cutting body 14. The cover 2 is fixed for this purpose on the frame 1, so that the frame 1, the raised bottom part 9 and the cover 2 form one whole. Such a stabilization 1009925 7 of the cutting body 14 can also be effected in another manner, for instance by a plurality of stabilizing arms fixed movably to the frame 1, which cooperate to stabilize the cutting body 14 at the top.

The material to be shattered is introduced into the screen body 5 via the inlet opening 3. Due to the rotational movement of the screen body 5, the material to be shattered will be moved to the cutting body 14. The cutting blades 15 reduce the material supplied and, due to the high rotational speed of the cutting body 14, chips from the cutting body 14 are pushed off and are thrown away in the direction of the jacket 32. The conical cutting body 14, the top angle of which faces the bottom of the frame 1 , an impulse force will exert on the material to be shredded, the impulse force being dependent on the distance to the bottom part 9. Due to the shape of the cutting body 14, projecting particles have a velocity substantially in the downward direction. In this manner, debris is prevented from being ejected from the device 20.

The shredded material slides down the conical wall 32, passing through several sieve openings 33. Shredded material which is small enough falls through the sieve openings 33 into the collection space 23.1 formed between the sieve body 5 and the frame 1.

Shredded material that is still too large is fed through the rotating screen body 5 again to the cutting body 14. This cycle is repeated until all the material to be shred has the desired size. Since the fragmented material of the correct size has the chance to pass through a sieve opening 33 several times per cycle, the size of the particles in the discharged fragmented material will substantially correspond to the predetermined size of the sieve openings. =.

As a result, there is little dispersion in the size of the particles. :

When the material to be shredded contains a lot of moisture, the shredded material tends to stick to the wall 32. This is the case, for example, when the material to be shredded consists of wet and sticky material such as prunings. This creates a layer on the inside of the screen body 5 which covers the screen openings. In order to prevent the formation of such a layer, the cutting body 14 is preferably placed within the sieve body 5 in such a way that during operation the cutting knives 15 travel as little as possible along the wall 32. In this way, the cutting blades 15 keep the wall 32 clean and no layer can be formed.

Protrusions can be arranged on the inside of the wall 32, in the sieve space 23, which ensure that the material to be shredded does not get caught between the cutting body 14 and the sieve body 5.

Material that has fallen through the sieve openings 33 into the wall 32 and has ended up on the bottom 31 of the frame 1 is moved by the carriers 10 over the bottom 31 20 until the shredded material comes in front of the opening 11 and falls there . The shredded material can then be removed in a known manner, for example with the aid of conveyor belts.

Devices are known from the prior art in which the material to be shredded is supported against a stop and subsequently be broken by a cutting knife. In the device according to the invention, the fragmentation of the material takes place in the free sieve space 23. This has a favorable influence on the life of the device and, in particular, the cutting knives 15.

Optionally entrained hard components such as stones are also thrown against the wall 32. These then roll down the wall 32 and, if they are small enough, fall through the sieve openings 33 into the sieve space 23. For hard components that are too large to be discharged through the sieve openings 33, the second Ί i ü ü 9 9 2 5 9 discharge opening 34 in the bottom of the frame 1.

This second discharge opening 34 is located in the raised bottom part 9, which is enclosed by the screen body 5. The second discharge opening 34 is provided with a spiral-shaped chute 12, the direction of rotation of the downward spiral of which is opposite to the direction of rotation of the screen casing 5. Shredded material that lies on the spiral chute 12 and is not yet of the correct size, is returned by the shredded material 10 to the cutting body 14.

When hard components such as metal debris, stones and other non-wood parts are introduced into the screen body 5 together with the shredding material, due to their specific weight which is higher than the equivalent weight of the material to be shredded, these will the lower part of the vallen device falls and / or drops. This is partly due to the fact that the material to be shredded is still very coarse and bulky at the time of insertion, and in particular 20 more voluminous than the hard components.

Both the shredding material and the hard Z.

components are passed through the screen body 5 to the Z.

cutting body 14 lined. The moment the hard Z

components come into contact with the cutting body 14, they acquire a speed higher than the speed of:

the shredded material, so that the energy content of a Z

hard component is higher than the energy content of a shredded particle. The ejected hard components make their way through the shredded and unshredded material.

The Z is due to the conical shape of the cutting body 14

towards the thrown hard components in -

mainly downward. As a result, the hard I

components mainly end up on the chute 12. I

The material to be shredded which is located in the sieve body 5 always sweeps the material lying on the chute 12 towards the cutting body 14. A "10 0 9 9 2 5 10 sub-area of the chute 12 near a circumference of the raised bottom part 9, however, is inaccessible to the material to be shredded.

In the downward direction of the chute 12, this sub-area becomes increasingly larger. Hard components that enter this part area between the chute 12 and the periphery of the raised bottom part 9 can therefore roll down and / or vibrate unhindered.

Due to the discharge possibility of hard components via the second discharge opening 34, such hard components do not come into contact with the cutting blades 15 again and again. The second discharge opening 34 is of particular importance for the discharge of hard components that are too large to be removed from the sieve body 5 through the sieve openings 33.

The dimensions of the material to be supplied are determined solely by the size of the supply opening 3 and the sieve space 23 between the sieve casing and the cutting body 14. The device according to the invention is therefore suitable for large pieces of material to be shredded, such as tree stumps and tree trunks.

With the device according to the invention a shredding device is obtained with a minimum of moving parts and which is suitable for shredding coarse material. The energy requirement and noise emission of the device according to the invention are lower than with conventional coarse material shredders.

The entire device is preferably mounted on a mobile undercarriage (not shown). With the aid of, for example, a tractor, the device mounted on the chassis can be moved from one workplace to another.

The above-described embodiments are given as non-limiting examples. It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that various modifications and modifications of the exemplary embodiments are possible without deviating from the invention as defined in the appended claims.

For example, both the sieve body 5 and the cutting body 14 can be driven by a common motor, for example, a gearbox is interposed to effect the difference in rotational speed.

Furthermore, it is not necessary for the screen body 5 and the cutting body 14 to have the same apex angle, and the axes of the screen body 5 and the cutting body 14 need not be parallel.

Instead of the closed bottom 31 with the discharge opening 11 for shredded material, the part of the bottom 31 located outside the raised bottom part 9 can also be formed by a sieve surface, the sieve openings of which are larger than the sieve openings 33 in the wall. 32. Shredded material can then, for example, fall on a vibrating bottom and subsequently be moved to a conveyor belt. The shredded material can also be blown to an outlet 20 in a known manner using a compressor.

Above the sub-area of the chute 12, which is inaccessible to the unshredded material, a covering can be provided so that under all circumstances it is ensured that hard parts that end up on the sub-area ~ 25 under the covering do not enter the unshredded material. wiped in the direction of the cutting body 14.

1009925 *

Claims (9)

Device for shredding material comprising a frame (1), which comprises a fixed bottom (31) and a circumferential wall (30), a screen body (5) rotatably mounted in the frame (1) with a wall (32), a cutting body (14) rotatably arranged in the frame (1), the cutting body (14) being arranged eccentrically within the screen body (5), a receiving space (24 formed between the screen body (5) and the frame (1) ), first drive means (17) for driving a rotation of the screen body (5), second drive means (18) for driving a rotation of the cutting body (14), a supply opening (3) for supplying the material to be shredded and a discharge opening (11) communicating with the collecting space (24) for discharging shredded material, characterized in that the cutting body (14) and the wall (32) of the screen body (5) are substantially cone-shaped and that in the wall (32) of the screen body (5) screen openings (33) are provided. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen body (5) encloses a raised bottom part (9), wherein in the bottom part (9) a second discharge opening (34) is provided, which communicates with a through the screen body (5) defined sieve space (23), wherein the second discharge opening (34) is mainly intended for discharging hard components from the sieve space (23). Device according to claim 2, characterized in that a chute (12) is arranged in the discharge opening for discharging hard components. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the chute is substantially spiral-shaped, the direction of rotation of the chute (12) from the sieve space (23) 35 through the discharge opening (34) being opposite to the il 9. 9 2 5 Direction of rotation of the screen body (5). Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting body (14) is composed of an outer cone wall (20), a middle cone wall (21), an inner cone wall (22) and detachable with the cutting body (14) connected cutting blades (15), recesses are provided in the center cone wall (21) and the outer cone wall (20) for receiving the 10 cutting blades (15) and the inner cone wall (22) the position of the cutting blades ( 15) guarantees. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that flights (10) 15, which are located in the receiving space (24), are arranged on the screen body (5) and are intended to convey shredded material to the discharge opening (11). to feed. ' Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the direction of rotation of the screen body (5) is opposite to the direction of rotation of the cutting body (14). - 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the size of the top angle of the screen body (5) is between 60 ° and 120 °. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, 7, characterized in that the apex angle of the cutting body (14) is between 60 ° and 120 °. 1009925