JP4672656B2 - Elevator safety device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an elevator safety device that forcibly stops a car when the elevator car's lifting speed exceeds a predetermined value.

  The elevator apparatus is provided with an emergency stop device that forcibly stops the car forcibly when the raising / lowering speed of the car exceeds a predetermined value as a safety device. FIG. 4 shows a schematic mechanism of an elevator apparatus provided with a conventional safety device. In FIG. 4, the elevator car 13 and the counterweight 14 are suspended in a fishing bottle manner by a main rope 16 wound around a driving sheave 15 of the hoisting machine, and interlocked with the rotation of the driving sheave 15. Then, the hoistway is moved up and down in opposite directions. In addition, the raising / lowering direction of the cage | basket | car 13 and the counterweight 14 is guided by each guide rail 1 (one part is not shown) erected in the hoistway. In addition, the main wheel 17 of the governor installed at the top of the hoistway and the tension wheel 18 installed at the hoistway pit part are endless governor ropes that are partially connected to the car 13. 19 is wound, and the main wheel 17 of the governor rotates in conjunction with the movement of the governor rope 19 by the governor rope 19 moving in conjunction with the raising and lowering of the car 13. Move. That is, the governor detects the ascending / descending speed of the car 13 based on the rotation speed of the main wheel 17.

  Here, when an abnormality occurs in the rotational speed of the driving sheave 15 of the hoisting machine, traction loss, etc., and the lowering speed of the car 13 exceeds a predetermined value, the speed abnormality of the car 13 is detected by the governor, The car 13 is forcibly stopped. Specifically, first, an abnormality in the speed of the car 13 is detected when the rotational speed of the main wheel 17 of the governor exceeds a predetermined value. When a speed abnormality of the car 13 is detected, the gripping means (not shown) provided in the speed governor grips the speed governor rope 19 and forcibly moves the speed governor rope 19. Stop it. The emergency stop device 2 provided in the car 13 is operated via a safety link 20 connected to the speed governor rope 19 when the speed governor rope 19 is restrained. Forced to stop. In general, the emergency stop device 2 is arranged so as to correspond to each guide rail 1, and a braking force is generated in a form in which a wedge is inserted when the brake element bites into the guide rail 1.

  The conventional safety device having such a configuration is provided corresponding to a guide rail for guiding the lifting body by a lifting lever of a safety link fixed to the lifting body composed of a car or a counterweight and a rope for a governor. Further, a device that directly pushes up the lower surface of the wedge of a pair of emergency stop devices to operate the emergency stop device is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-80840

  In the conventional safety device including the governor rope, safety link, etc. including the safety device described in Patent Document 1, the emergency stop device operates after the speed abnormality of the car is detected, and the car actually stops. The time lag until is large. That is, various operation delays, for example, the operation delay of the governor gripping means that occurs between the detection of the speed abnormality of the car and the stop of the governor rope, or the stop of the governor rope There is an operation delay due to elastic deformation of the governor rope that occurs until the safety link operates, and an operation delay due to play of the connecting portion that occurs from when the safety link operates until the emergency stop device operates. Even after the car descending speed exceeds a predetermined value, the vehicle will continue to accelerate for a certain period of time, resulting in a problem that the stopping distance of the car becomes large.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide an elevator safety device capable of shortening the time required from when a car speed abnormality is detected until the car stops. It is to be.

  An elevator safety device according to the present invention includes a car that is raised and lowered in an elevator hoistway, a guide rail that is erected in the hoistway and guides the car, and a car speed detecting means that detects an abnormal speed of the car. In the elevator safety device that stops the car when a car speed abnormality is detected by the car speed detecting means, the guide surface is provided on the car and arranged away from one side of the guide rail as it goes downward. And a brake provided between the guide surface and one side surface of the guide rail, and a suction portion provided on the brake and attracted to the guide rail when a car speed abnormality is detected by the car speed detecting means, The brake element is restrained from descending when the attracting portion is attracted to the guide rail, and is guided by the descending guide surface to one side surface of the guide rail. It is intended to generate a braking force between.

  The present invention includes a car that moves up and down in an elevator hoistway, a guide rail that is erected in the hoistway and guides the car, and a car speed detecting means that detects an abnormal speed of the car. In a safety device for an elevator that stops a car when an abnormal speed of the car is detected, a guide surface that is provided on the car and is arranged to move away from one side surface of the guide rail as it goes downward, and the guide surface and the guide A brake provided between one side surface of the rail, and an adsorption portion provided on the brake and adsorbed to the guide rail when an abnormal car speed is detected by the car speed detecting means. The lowering of the suction portion is restrained by the suction of the guide rail, and the braking force is generated between the guide rail and one side surface of the guide rail. And in the, it is possible to shorten the time required from when the detected velocity anomaly of the car until the car stops.

FIG. 1 is a front view of an elevator safety device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side view of an essential part of the elevator safety device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the elevator safety apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a conventional elevator apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Guide rail 1a Flange part 1b Head 2 Emergency stop device 3 Base 4 1st brake element 4a, 6a Brake surface 5 Guide part 5a Guide surface 6 Second brake element 7 Suction part 8 Guide 9 Guide plate 10 Guide part DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10a Stopper 11 Electromagnet 11a Adsorption surface 12 Spring 13 Car 14 Counterweight 15 Drive sheave 16 Main rope 17 Main wheel 18 Tension wheel 19 Speed governor rope 20 Safety link

  In order to explain the present invention in more detail, it will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in each figure, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part which is the same or it corresponds, The duplication description is simplified or abbreviate | omitted suitably.

  FIG. 1 is a front view of an elevator safety device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a car (not shown) that moves up and down in an elevator hoistway is moved up and down by engaging guide rollers (not shown) provided at both upper and lower ends thereof with a pair of guide rails 1. Directions are guided. The guide rail 1 has a substantially T-shaped cross section, and is erected in the hoistway so that the heads 1b protruding from the flange portion 1a face each other with the cage in between. In addition, the car is arranged at the lower part of the car so as to correspond to each guide rail 1, and when the lowering speed of the car exceeds a specified value, the car is urgently stopped by engaging with each guide rail 1. An emergency stop device 2 is provided. Although not shown, the car or hoistway fixed body has a car speed detecting means for detecting whether or not the car lowering speed exceeds a specified value, and the car lowering speed by the car speed detecting means. There is provided power control means for performing power control on an electromagnet described later of the emergency stop device 2 when it is detected that a certain specified value is exceeded.

  The emergency stop device 2 includes a base 3 provided on the car and arranged to correspond to each guide rail 1, and is provided on the base 3, and slightly on one side of the head 1 b of the guide rail 1. A first brake element 4 having a braking surface 4a opposed to each other with a gap, and a guide surface provided on the base 3 and formed so as to move away from the other side surface of the head 1b of the guide rail 1 as it goes downward. A guide rail 5 provided between the guide surface 5a of the guide portion 5 and the other side of the head 1b of the guide rail 1 so as to be slidable in the vertical direction along the guide surface 5a. A second brake element 6 having a braking surface 6a facing the other side surface of one head 1b and a lower part of the second brake element 6 are detected, and an abnormal speed of the car is detected by the car speed detecting means. In some cases, a part of the guide control is controlled by the power control means. A suction unit 7 which adsorbs fixed to the head 1b other side Le 1 is provided.

  Here, the guide portion 5 is provided on the base 3 and has a guide 8 having a substantially triangular prism shape having the guide surface 5a, and a substantially L-shape provided obliquely on both sides of the guide surface 5a of the guide 8. It is comprised from the guide plate 9 which exhibits. Note that the guide plate 9 is configured so that the turn-back portion disposed so as to face the guide surface 5a of the guide 8 on the head 1b side is substantially parallel to the guide surface 5a as it goes downward. The head 1b is formed so as to be separated from the other side surface.

  The second brake element 6 and the guide plate 9 are provided with a sliding mechanism that allows the second brake element 6 to slide in the vertical direction along the folded portion of the guide plate 9. . The sliding mechanism may have any configuration. For example, a protrusion having a substantially T-shaped cross section may be formed on the side opposite to the head 1 b of the second brake element 6, and the protrusion may be engaged with the folded portion of the guide rail 9. .

  The second brake element 6 provided on the guide plate 9 so as to be slidable in the vertical direction is disposed under the guide plate 9 by its own weight when no external force is applied. At this time, a predetermined gap is formed between the braking surface 6a of the second brake element 6 facing each other and the other side surface of the head 1b of the guide rail 1, and the braking surface 6a is formed on the other side surface of the head 1b. There is no contact. On the other hand, when the second brake element 6 moves to the upper side of the guide plate 9 from this state, the second brake element 6 is guided by the sliding mechanism provided between the guide plate 9 and the head 1b side. Move slowly to. That is, the braking surface 6a of the second brake element 6 and the other side surface of the head 1b approach each other, and the gap formed therebetween gradually becomes narrower. Here, when the second brake element 6 reaches a predetermined height, the opposite side surface 1b side surface of the second brake element 6 and the guide surface 5a of the guide 8 are slidable mechanisms such as roller guides (see FIG. (Not shown). When the second brake element 6 further moves upward and reaches a predetermined height, the distance between the brake surface 4a of the first brake element 4 and the brake surface 6a of the second brake element 6 is determined as a guide. The width is approximately the same as the width of the head 1b of the rail 1, and the braking surface 4a contacts one side of the head 1b and the braking surface 6a contacts the other side of the head 1b. The second brake element 6 is set so that the height of the braking surface 6a when contacting the head 1b of the guide rail 1 is substantially the same as the braking surface 4a of the first brake element 4. ing.

  FIG. 2 is a side view of an essential part of the elevator safety device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and shows the configuration of the second brake 6 and the suction portion 7 provided below the second brake 6. 1 and 2, the suction portion 7 provided below the braking surface 6a of the second brake piece 6 has a substantially cylindrical shape with the guide portion 10 fixed to the lower portion of the second brake piece 6. The suction surface 11a provided on the one end surface is disposed so as to face the other side surface of the head 1b of the guide rail 1, and the suction surface 11a can be brought into contact with and separated from the other side surface of the head 1b. The guide unit 10 includes an electromagnet 11 that is slidable in the horizontal direction, and a spring 12 that biases the electromagnet 11 toward the other side of the head 1b.

  Here, the sliding mechanism provided in the guide part 10 and the electromagnet 11 may have any configuration. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, a groove having a substantially T-shaped cross section is formed in the lower portion of the guide portion 10 in the horizontal direction, and a protrusion having a substantially T-shaped cross section to be fitted to the groove on the upper portion of the electromagnet 11. It may be something like that. The spring 12 is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the electromagnet 11 and a stopper 10 a provided on the guide portion 10. The stopper 10 a is disposed on the side opposite to the head 1 b of the sliding mechanism so as to face the other end surface of the electromagnet 11, and locks the electromagnet 11 biased by the spring 12. Therefore, when the second brake element 6 is disposed below the guide plate 9, a predetermined gap is formed between the attracting surface 11a of the electromagnet 11 and the other side surface of the head 1b.

Next, the operation of the elevator safety device according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the elevator safety apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIGS. 1 and 3, during the normal operation of the elevator, the ascending / descending speed of the car is always detected by the car speed detecting means. In this state, as shown in FIG. 1, the second brake element 6 is disposed under the guide plate 9 due to its own weight, and the attracting surface 11 a of the electromagnet 11 and the other side surface of the head 1 b of the guide rail 1 A predetermined gap is formed between them. Here, when the car speed detecting means detects that the car descending speed exceeds a specified value, the power control means supplies power to the electromagnet 11 based on the detection result of the car speed detecting means. A magnetic force is generated on the attracting surface 11a of the electromagnet 11. The urging force of the spring 12 provided between the stopper 10a and the electromagnet 11 is set to be smaller than the attractive force generated between the electromagnet 11 and the guide rail 1 in the state of FIG. . Therefore, the electromagnet 11 moves horizontally to the head 1b side of the guide rail 1 against the biasing force of the spring 12 when power is supplied by the power control means, and the position where the head 1b of the guide rail 1 is located. It is fixed by adsorption. The second brake element 6 that has been lowered together with the car is restrained from lowering when the electromagnet 11 is attracted to the head 1 b of the guide rail 1.

  On the other hand, the elevator car continues to descend even after the electromagnet 11 is attracted and fixed to the head 1 b of the guide rail 1. Therefore, the second brake element 6 is guided so as to be pressed against the head 1b side by the guide surface 5a of the descending guide 8, and the second braking surface 6a and the other side surface of the head 1b come into contact with each other. Thus, a wedge is inserted between the guide 8 and the head 1b of the guide rail 1, and a strong braking force for forcibly stopping the car is generated.

  According to the first embodiment of the present invention, the supply of electric power to the electromagnet 11 and the adsorption of the electromagnet 11 to the guide rail 1 from when the speed abnormality of the car is detected until the braking force for stopping the car is exhibited. Since only the operation is required, it is possible to significantly reduce the time until the car actually stops compared to the case of using the governor rope, the safety link, or the like as in the prior art. In addition, since the safety link or the like is not required, the structure can be simplified, so that the cost can be reduced, and it is not necessary to consider the connection between the safety device 2 and the safety link. The restriction on the installation location of the apparatus 2 is relaxed, and the workability during installation and maintenance is improved.

  In the first embodiment of the present invention, when an abnormal car speed is detected by the car speed detecting means, the electromagnet 11 is attracted and fixed to the head 1b of the guide rail 1 by supplying electric power to the electromagnet 11. However, a permanent magnet (not shown) disposed on the suction portion 7 so as to face the other side of the head 1b of the guide rail 1 and slidably provided on the guide portion 10a, and the permanent magnet By providing the electromagnet 11 arranged so as to cancel the magnetic force, when the car speed abnormality is detected by the car speed detecting means, the power to the electromagnet 11 is cut off to remove the permanent magnet from the head of the guide rail 1. You may make it adsorb-fix to the other side of the part 1b. That is, during normal operation of the elevator, the electromagnet 11 and the permanent magnet are arranged so as to cancel each other's magnetic force by supplying electric power to the electromagnet 11, and when an abnormal speed of the car is detected, the electric power to the electromagnet 11 is detected. Is configured so that the permanent magnet is attracted to the head 1b of the guide rail 1. By having such a configuration, the car can be stopped when power is not supplied to the electromagnet 11 during a power failure or the like, and safety can be further improved.

  Further, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the case where the lowering speed of the car exceeds a specified value has been described. However, a similar safety device is also provided at the lower part of the counterweight so that the specified car speed is increased. Even when the value is exceeded, it is possible to perform an emergency stop of the car.

  Further, only the permanent magnet may be used as the attracting portion 7 and when the car speed detecting means detects the car speed abnormality, the permanent magnet may be attracted and fixed to the guide rail 1 by an elastic body or the like. In this case, a roller or the like that contacts the guide rail 1 may be used as the car speed detecting means, and the braking force may be generated only by the mechanical operation without using the electric operation.

  As described above, according to the elevator safety device according to the present invention, the time from when an abnormality in the speed of the car is detected to when the car is actually stopped can be greatly shortened. The moving distance of the car can be greatly shortened, and an elevator apparatus with higher safety can be provided.

Claims (4)

Each car that is raised and lowered in the elevator hoistway is provided with a guide rail that is erected in the hoistway and guides the car, and a car speed detecting means that detects an abnormal speed of the car, and the car speed detecting means In the elevator safety device that stops the car when an abnormality in the speed of the car is detected, a guide surface that is provided on the car and is arranged to move away from one side surface of the guide rail as it goes downward. A brake provided between the guide surface and one side surface of the guide rail, and provided on the brake, and adsorbed to the guide rail when an abnormal speed of the car is detected by the car speed detecting means. And the brake member is prevented from descending when the suction portion is attracted to the guide rail, and is arranged on the guide surface that descends. It has been safety device for an elevator, characterized in that the braking force is generated between one side surface of the guide rail. Each car that is raised and lowered in the elevator hoistway is provided with a guide rail that is erected in the hoistway and guides the car, and a car speed detecting means that detects an abnormal speed of the car, and the car speed detecting means In an elevator safety device that stops the car when an abnormality in the speed of the car is detected, power control means that performs power control based on the detection result of the car speed detection means, and provided in the car, A guide surface disposed away from one side surface of the guide rail toward the guide, a brake provided between the guide surface and one side surface of the guide rail, and the car speed provided to the brake child A brake part that sucks the guide rail by power control of the power control means when a speed abnormality of the car is detected by the detection means; The adsorbing part adsorbs to the guide rail to prevent its lowering, and is guided by the descending guide surface to generate a braking force between the guide rail and one side surface. Elevator safety device. The attracting portion includes an electromagnet disposed so as to face the guide rail, and when an abnormal car speed is detected by a car speed detecting means, electric power is supplied to the electromagnet so that the electromagnet is guided to the guide. The elevator safety device according to claim 2, wherein the elevator safety device is attracted to a rail. The attracting portion includes a permanent magnet disposed so as to face the guide rail and an electromagnet disposed so as to cancel the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, and when an abnormal speed of the car is detected by the car speed detecting means. The elevator safety device according to claim 2, wherein the permanent magnet is attracted to the guide rail when power to the electromagnet is cut off.

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