JP4655044B2 - Iii族窒化物半導体発光素子 - Google Patents
Iii族窒化物半導体発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4655044B2 JP4655044B2 JP2006552267A JP2006552267A JP4655044B2 JP 4655044 B2 JP4655044 B2 JP 4655044B2 JP 2006552267 A JP2006552267 A JP 2006552267A JP 2006552267 A JP2006552267 A JP 2006552267A JP 4655044 B2 JP4655044 B2 JP 4655044B2
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- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005811 Viola adunca Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000009038 Viola odorata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013487 Viola odorata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002254 Viola papilionacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBJCZLXULXFYCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;cyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound [Mg+2].C1C=CC=[C-]1.C1C=CC=[C-]1 QBJCZLXULXFYCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZPCWDSQTEDTIKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylalumane trimethylindigane Chemical compound C[In](C)C.C[Al](C)C ZPCWDSQTEDTIKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/223—Buried stripe structure
- H01S5/2231—Buried stripe structure with inner confining structure only between the active layer and the upper electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- H01S2304/00—Special growth methods for semiconductor lasers
- H01S2304/04—MOCVD or MOVPE
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/2205—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers
- H01S5/2206—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers based on III-V materials
- H01S5/221—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers based on III-V materials containing aluminium
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/3211—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures characterised by special cladding layers, e.g. details on band-discontinuities
- H01S5/3213—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures characterised by special cladding layers, e.g. details on band-discontinuities asymmetric clading layers
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/3211—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures characterised by special cladding layers, e.g. details on band-discontinuities
- H01S5/3216—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures characterised by special cladding layers, e.g. details on band-discontinuities quantum well or superlattice cladding layers
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/34333—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser with a well layer based on Ga(In)N or Ga(In)P, e.g. blue laser
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Description
また、ストライプ外側が熱伝導率の高い窒化物系材料で覆われているため、放熱性が高く、高出力・高温動作が可能となる。
前記活性層上に形成された、ストライプ状の開口部を有する電流狭窄層と、
前記開口部を埋設する、Alを含むIII族窒化物半導体からなる超格子層と、
前記超格子層上に形成された、Alを含むIII族窒化物半導体からなる超格子構造のクラッド層と、を備え、
前記超格子層の平均Al組成比をx1とし、前記クラッド層の平均Al組成比をx2とした場合においてx1<x2である、III族窒化物半導体発光素子が提供される。
(第1の実施形態)
このようなIII族窒化物半導体発光素子は、青紫色半導体レーザに好適に用いることができる。
このように、ストライプ開口部108aの内部に設ける超格子層であるp型層109の平均Al組成を低くすることで、超格子構造の乱れによる抵抗悪化の影響を軽減することができ、低い素子抵抗を安定して得ることができる。
電流狭窄層に形成されたストライプ状の開口部の内部に、例えばGaN/AlGaNの超格子層を形成した場合、超格子構造においては各界面でキャリアが誘起されるため、バルク構造に比べて面内方向のキャリア移動度が増大する。そのため、開口部におけるMg分布の面内均一性の良否に関わらず、開口部におけるキャリア分布は均一になる。その結果、低い素子抵抗を安定して得ることが可能となる。
電流狭窄層の層厚を上記範囲とすることで、ストライプ状の開口部の内部に形成される超格子構造のばらつきそのものを抑制することができる。
これにより、電流狭窄層の厚さが薄い場合でも、電流狭窄の機能を十分に得ることができる。より詳細には、電流狭窄層のキャリアに対するエネルギー障壁が小さくなると、レーザ発振に寄与しない電流成分が指数関数的に増大し、動作電流が急激に悪化する。この傾向は、電流狭窄層が薄くなる程顕著となる。この影響を抑制するには、電流狭窄層のエネルギー障壁を、レーザ発振に寄与しない電流成分が急増し始める下限値よりも大きくすれば良く、電流狭窄層がAlGaNで構成される場合には、Al組成を高くすれば良い。具体的には、電流狭窄層の厚さが0.12μm以下と薄い場合においても、電流狭窄層のAl組成を0.4以上1以下とすることで、十分な電流狭窄の機能を実現できる。
電流狭窄層と活性層との離間距離を上記範囲とすることにより、これらの間を水平方向に流れる無効電流を大幅に低減することができ、低い動作電流を実現することができる。
図2は、第2の実施形態を示す断面図である。
(第3の実施形態)
Claims (6)
- III族窒化物半導体からなる活性層と、
前記活性層上に形成された、ストライプ状の開口部を有する電流狭窄層と、
前記開口部を埋設する、Alを含むIII族窒化物半導体からなる超格子層と、
前記超格子層上に形成された、Alを含むIII族窒化物半導体からなる超格子構造のクラッド層と、
を備え、
前記超格子層の平均Al組成比をx1とし、前記クラッド層の平均Al組成比をx2とした場合において、x1<x2である、III族窒化物半導体発光素子。 - 請求項1に記載のIII族窒化物半導体発光素子において、
前記電流狭窄層の層厚が0.2μm以下である、III族窒化物半導体発光素子。 - 請求項2に記載のIII族窒化物半導体発光素子において、
前記電流狭窄層は、AlwGa1-wN(0.4≦w≦1)からなる、III族窒化物半導体発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載のIII族窒化物半導体発光素子において、
前記超格子層を構成する各々の層の組成若しくは層厚は、層厚方向若しくは層厚方向と垂直の方向に対して変化している、III族窒化物半導体発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載のIII族窒化物半導体発光素子において、
前記超格子層は、InyGa1−yN(0≦y≦1)とAlzGa1−zN(0<z≦1)とからなる、III族窒化物半導体発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載のIII族窒化物半導体発光素子において、
前記電流狭窄層と前記活性層との離間距離は0.2μm以下である、III族窒化物半導体発光素子。
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PCT/JP2006/314045 WO2007037057A1 (ja) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-07-14 | Iii族窒化物半導体発光素子 |
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JP4714013B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-30 | 2011-06-29 | 日本オプネクスト株式会社 | 半導体レーザ |
WO2009119131A1 (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | 日本電気株式会社 | 半導体発光素子及びその製造方法 |
CN102299218B (zh) * | 2011-08-24 | 2015-04-01 | 上海蓝光科技有限公司 | 发光二极管及其制作方法 |
JP2015056504A (ja) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-23 | 株式会社東芝 | 光結合装置および発光素子 |
DE102019102499A1 (de) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-06 | Forschungsverbund Berlin E.V. | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Laserstrahlung |
JP2024134882A (ja) * | 2023-03-22 | 2024-10-04 | 株式会社リコー | 窒化物半導体構造、発光素子、光源装置及び窒化物半導体構造の製造方法 |
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JP2000223786A (ja) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-11 | Sharp Corp | 半導体レーザ素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2002190635A (ja) * | 2000-12-20 | 2002-07-05 | Sharp Corp | 半導体レーザ素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2003115641A (ja) * | 1999-02-10 | 2003-04-18 | Nichia Chem Ind Ltd | 窒化物半導体レーザ素子 |
JP2005019835A (ja) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-20 | Nichia Chem Ind Ltd | 窒化物半導体レーザ素子及びその製造方法 |
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US6852968B1 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2005-02-08 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Surface-type optical apparatus |
JP3785970B2 (ja) | 2001-09-03 | 2006-06-14 | 日本電気株式会社 | Iii族窒化物半導体素子の製造方法 |
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JP2000223786A (ja) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-11 | Sharp Corp | 半導体レーザ素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2003115641A (ja) * | 1999-02-10 | 2003-04-18 | Nichia Chem Ind Ltd | 窒化物半導体レーザ素子 |
JP2002190635A (ja) * | 2000-12-20 | 2002-07-05 | Sharp Corp | 半導体レーザ素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2005019835A (ja) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-20 | Nichia Chem Ind Ltd | 窒化物半導体レーザ素子及びその製造方法 |
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US7737431B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 |
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WO2007037057A1 (ja) | 2007-04-05 |
CN100481660C (zh) | 2009-04-22 |
US20080303017A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
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