JP4637216B2 - Snow depth observation apparatus and snow depth observation method - Google Patents

Description

  In particular, the present invention relates to a snow depth observation apparatus and a snow depth observation method used for observation of snow depth (snow depth accumulated per unit time) used for estimating the amount of existing water resources and being alert for snow disasters. Is.

  A conventional snow depth observation method will be described with reference to the drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a snow depth observation method using a conventional measurement scale. As shown in FIG. 8 (a), a measurement scale 17 used for conventional snowfall depth observation is installed on a snow receiving plate 18 for installing the measurement scale 17 on the snow surface, and on the snow receiving plate 18. And a scale unit 19. The measurement scale 17 is installed in a place where snow accumulates flatly, and by measuring the distance between the snow receiving plate 18 and the snow surface formed above the snow receiving plate 18 using the scale of the scale portion 19, the snowfall Make deep observations.

  Hereinafter, a snow depth observation method using the measurement scale 17 will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 8, at the start of snowfall depth observation, first, the measurement scale 17 is set so that the height of the upper surface of the snow receiving plate 18 matches the height of the snow surface 12 at the start of observation. When time elapses in this state, as shown in FIG. 8B, the snow surface 12 gradually sinks due to its own weight or a new snow weight, and the average height 15 of the snow surface 12 at the start of observation is 15 Lower. At this time, the measurement scale 17 also sinks as the snow surface 12 sinks.

  After a unit time (for example, 1 hour, half day, 1 day) has elapsed since the start of observation, as shown in FIG. 8C, a snow surface 16 is formed by new snow accumulation. Then, by reading the scale X of the scale portion 19 corresponding to the height of the snow surface 16, the distance between the snow receiving plate 18 and the new snow surface 16 formed above the snow receiving plate 18, that is, sinking. The distance L4 between the snow surface 12 at the start of observation and the snow surface 16 after the unit time has elapsed is measured. Subsequently, the snow depth per unit time is observed by calculating the snow depth from this measurement result.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 8D, the measurement scale 17 is taken out from the snow, and the upper surface of the snow receiving plate 18 is aligned with the new snow surface 16 after the unit time has elapsed. At this time, by taking out the measurement scale 17, the hole formed in the snow surface 16 is filled with surrounding snow so as not to affect the next measurement. As a result, the snow surface 16 is restored to a flat state to prepare for the next observation. In this measurement scale 17, it becomes possible to continuously observe the snowfall depth per unit time by repeating the above procedure.

  9-11 is explanatory drawing which shows the snowfall depth observation method by the conventional snowfall amount measuring apparatus described in patent document 1. FIG. As shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, a conventional snowfall measuring device 20 used for observation of snowfall depth includes a column 21, a distance measuring unit 22, a support arm 23, and a snow receiving plate 24. Yes.

  The distance measuring unit 22 is fixed to a bar-shaped connecting portion that protrudes laterally from the tip end side of the support column 21 erected on a flat ground, and the upper surfaces of the distance measuring unit 22 and the snow receiving plate 24 by ultrasonic waves. And the distance between the distance measuring unit 22 and the snow surface 16 formed on the snow receiving plate 24 are measured.

  The support arm 23 is a rod-like member that protrudes laterally from the column 21 at a position lower than the distance measurement unit 22, and is moved up and down and rotated by a drive unit (not shown). A snow receiving plate 24 for receiving snow is fixed to the front end side of the support arm 23.

  Hereinafter, the snowfall depth observation method by the snowfall measuring device 20 will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 9 (a), at the start of snow depth observation, first, the support arm 23 is moved, and the height of the upper surface of the snow receiving plate 24 in the horizontal state and the height of the snow surface 12 at the start of observation are determined. Match. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 9B, the distance L5 between the distance measuring unit 22 and the upper surface of the snow receiving plate 24 is measured by the ultrasonic wave V2.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 10A, after a unit time has elapsed from the start of observation, the distance L6 between the distance measurement unit 22 and the snow surface 16 formed by the new snow is measured by the ultrasonic wave V3. In the snowfall measuring device 20, the distance L5 between the measured distance measuring unit 22 and the upper surface of the snow receiving plate 24, and the distance L6 between the distance measuring unit 22 and the snow surface 16 formed by the new snow cover. The snow depth per unit time is observed by treating the difference as the snow depth.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 10B, the support arm 23 is moved upward to raise the snow receiving plate 24 together with the snow. Then, as shown in FIG. 11 (a), after the support arm 23 is rotated in the direction of arrow E around the support column 21, the snow receiving plate 24 is rotated in the direction of arrow F together with the support arm 23. Snow 25 piled on 24 is dropped. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 11B, the snow receiving plate 24 is rotated in the direction of arrow G to return to the horizontal state, and then the support arm 23 is rotated in the direction of arrow H. Then, the support arm 23 is lowered to adjust the height of the upper surface of the snow receiving plate 24 to the height of the snow surface 16 to prepare for the next observation.

  12-13 is explanatory drawing which shows the snowfall depth observation method by the time snowfall amount measuring apparatus described in patent document 2. FIG. As shown in FIGS. 12 to 13, a conventional hourly snowfall measuring device 30 used for observation of snowfall depth includes a column 31, a distance sensor 32, a snowfall plate 33, and a snow removal brush 34. .

  The distance sensor 32 is fixed to a rod-shaped connecting portion that protrudes laterally from the distal end side of the support column 31 that is erected on a flat ground. The distance sensor 32 measures the distance between the distance sensor 32 and the upper surface of the snowfall plate 33 using ultrasonic waves, and measures the distance between the distance sensor 32 and the surface of the snow 35 accumulated on the snowfall plate 33 using light. To do.

  The snowfall plate 33 is fixed to a support bar that protrudes to the side of the column 31 at a height below which the snowfall plate 33 is not buried by snow accumulation below the distance sensor 32. The support bar is rotated in the circumferential direction of the column 31 by a drive unit (not shown), and the snowfall plate 33 is also rotated around the column 31 along with this rotation.

  The snow removal brush 34 is a long member that protrudes to the side of the column 31 between the distance sensor 32 and the snowfall plate 33, and has a brush portion directed downward. The snow removal brush 34 is provided such that the brush tip of the brush portion is at the same height as the upper surface of the snowfall plate 33.

  Hereinafter, the snowfall depth observation method by the time snowfall measuring device 30 will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 12A, the distance sensor 32, the snowfall plate 33, and the snow removal brush 34 are arranged at positions that do not overlap in the vertical direction at the start of snowfall depth observation. As shown in FIGS. 12 (b) and 13 (a), after a unit time has elapsed since the start of observation, with the snow 35 piled up on the snow plate 33, the snow plate 33 is placed below the distance sensor 32. Rotate. Then, the distance L7 between the distance sensor 32 and the surface of the snow 35 accumulated on the snowfall plate 33 is measured by the light V4.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 12C, the distance L8 between the distance sensor 32 and the upper surface of the snowfall plate 33 is measured by the ultrasonic wave V5. In this time snowfall measuring device 30, the difference between the distance L7 between the distance sensor 32 and the snow 35 accumulated on the snowfall plate 33 and the distance L8 between the distance sensor 32 and the upper surface of the snowfall plate 33 is handled as the snowfall depth. Observe snow depth per unit time.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 13 (b), the snowfall plate 33 is rotated in the direction of the arrow N so as to pass under the snow removal brush 34. As a result, the snow 35 on the snowfall plate 33 is removed by the snow removal brush 34. Then, as shown in FIG.13 (c), the snowfall board 33 is rotated in the arrow P direction, and it prepares for the next observation.

JP-A-6-88882 JP-A-10-268068

  The above-mentioned conventional apparatus for snowfall depth observation has the following problems. First, in the measurement scale 17 shown in FIG. 8, since the observation work cannot be automated, it must be performed manually, and a great deal of labor is spent including the movement of the snowfall depth to the observation point. Moreover, in the snowfall measuring apparatus 20 shown in FIGS. 9-11, the subsidence with the time passage of the snow surface 12 at the time of an observation start is not considered, and the subsidence part of the snow surface 12 makes an error the snowfall depth observation result. Therefore, the reliability of observation results is low. And in the time snowfall measuring device 30 shown in FIGS. 12-13, since the snow 35 on the snowfall board 33 may be skipped by the influence of a strong wind etc., the problem that the reliability of an observation result falls. was there.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a snowfall depth observation apparatus and a snowfall depth observation method that can easily automate observation work and obtain highly reliable observation results.

  The snowfall depth observation apparatus according to the present invention is a first observation wave that is provided on the support column extending in the vertical direction and irradiates the first observation wave that is transmitted through the snow and is reflected by the reflective layer. Using the first observation wave detection means for detecting the first observation wave by the first observation wave irradiation means, the reflection layer forming means for forming a reflection layer on the snow surface, and the first observation wave irradiation means. And calculating means for calculating the depth of snow accumulated on the reflective layer.

  According to the snow depth observation apparatus of the present invention, the first reflection layer is formed on a predetermined snow surface by the reflection layer forming means at the start of snow depth observation, and unit time (for example, 1 hour, half day, 1 After the elapse of the day, the distance between the first observation wave irradiation means and the first reflection layer is measured by the first observation wave of the first observation wave irradiation means. Then, a second reflection layer is formed on a new snow surface formed above the first reflection layer by new snow accumulation, and the first observation wave irradiation means and the second observation wave irradiation means are formed by the first observation wave. Measure the distance from the reflective layer. As a result, the difference between the distance between the first observation wave irradiation means and the first reflection layer and the distance between the first observation wave irradiation means and the second reflection layer (that is, the snow surface at the start of observation). It is possible to calculate the snowfall depth per unit time (the depth of snow accumulated on the first reflective layer) using the difference between the height of the snow surface and the snow surface after the unit time has elapsed. Here, according to this snow depth observation apparatus, when measuring the distance between the first observation wave irradiation means and the snow surface at the start of observation after the elapse of unit time, the snow surface at the start of observation has its own weight or a new snow cover. Since the first reflecting layer also sinks as it sinks due to the weight of, it is possible to measure an accurate distance considering the snow surface sinking. Therefore, according to this snow depth observation apparatus, it is possible to obtain a highly reliable snow depth observation result by calculating the snow depth based on an accurate distance measurement result. Furthermore, since the measurement can be performed on the snow surface supported by the ground instead of the snow surface supported by the snow receiving plate as in the conventional device, the measurement target snow is scattered by the influence of wind and the like. And the reliability of observation results of snow depth is improved. In addition, in this snow depth observation apparatus, since there is no work that requires manual work for observing the snow depth, it is easy to automate the observation work. Further, by setting an automatic observation result to an observation station having a receiving facility by wireless or the like, human labor can be reduced.

  In addition, the second observation wave irradiating means provided on the support and irradiating the second observation wave reflected by the snow and detecting the second observation wave reflected by the snow surface is further provided, and the computing means includes Furthermore, it is preferable to calculate the depth of snow accumulated on the reflective layer by using the detection result of the second observation wave by the second observation wave irradiation means.

  According to this snow depth observation apparatus, at the start of snow depth observation, a reflection layer is formed on a predetermined snow surface by the reflection layer forming means, and after the unit time has elapsed, the second observation of the second observation wave irradiation means is performed. The distance between the snow surface formed above the reflection layer by the new snowfall and the second observation wave irradiation means is measured by the wave, and the first observation wave of the first observation wave irradiation means is used for the first observation wave. The distance between the observation wave irradiation means and the reflective layer (that is, the snow surface at the start of observation) is measured. Then, using the distance between the first observation wave irradiation means and the snow surface at the start of observation and the distance between the second observation wave irradiation means and the snow surface after the unit time has elapsed, the snowfall depth per unit time ( It is possible to calculate the depth of snow accumulated on the reflective layer.

  Further, it is preferable that the reflective layer forming means has distance measuring means for measuring the distance to the snow surface below the reflective layer forming means and is movable in the vertical direction along the support column. In this case, based on the distance between the reflective layer forming means measured by the distance measuring means and the snow surface below the reflective layer forming means, the reflective layer forming means is accurately positioned at the optimum position for forming the reflective layer on the snow surface. Since it can be moved well, it is possible to more reliably perform the work of forming the reflective layer, and the reliability of the observation result of the snowfall depth can be improved.

  Further, it is preferable that the reflecting layer forming means is provided so as to be rotatable in the circumferential direction of the support column. By making the reflective layer forming means rotatable in the circumferential direction of the support column, the reflective layer forming means blocks the path of the first observation wave and the second observation wave irradiated from the snow depth measuring means. Since it can avoid more reliably, it becomes possible to obtain the observation result of snowfall depth with high reliability.

  The snowfall depth observation method according to the present invention includes a step of forming a first reflective layer on the snow surface that reflects the first observation wave that can pass through the snow, and a reflection layer from a predetermined reference position by the first observation wave. Measuring the first distance to the first reflective layer, forming a second reflective layer that reflects the first observation wave on a new snow surface formed above the first reflective layer, The depth of snow accumulated on the reflection layer is calculated using the step of measuring the second distance from the reference position to the second reflection layer by the observation wave and the first distance and the second distance. And a step of performing.

  According to the snow depth observation method of the present invention, at the start of snow depth observation, the first reflection layer that reflects the first observation wave that can pass through the snow is formed on the snow surface. The distance from the predetermined reference position to the first reflective layer is measured by the first observation wave. Then, a second reflection layer is formed on a new snow surface formed above the first reflection layer by new snow accumulation, and the first observation wave irradiation means and the second reflection layer are formed by the first observation wave. And measure the distance. Thereby, the snowfall depth per unit time is calculated from the difference between the distance between the first observation wave irradiation means and the first reflection layer and the distance between the first observation wave irradiation means and the second reflection layer. It becomes possible. Therefore, according to this snow depth observation method, when calculating the snow depth per unit time, the first reflective layer also sinks as the snow surface at the start of the observation sinks due to its own weight or a new weight of snow. Therefore, it is possible to calculate an accurate distance in consideration of the settlement of the snow surface, and to obtain a highly reliable observation result of snowfall depth. Furthermore, this snow depth observation method can measure the snow surface supported by the ground instead of the snow surface supported by the snow receiving plate, etc. as in the conventional method. This suppresses scattering of the snow to be measured, and improves the reliability of the observation result of the snowfall depth. In addition, in this snow depth observation method, there is no step that needs to be performed manually when observing the snow depth, so that the observation work can be automated easily. Further, by setting an automatic observation result to an observation station having a receiving facility by wireless or the like, human labor can be reduced.

  Another snowfall depth observation method according to the present invention includes a step of forming a reflective layer on the snow surface that reflects the first observation wave that can pass through the snow, and from the predetermined reference position to the reflection layer by the first observation wave. Measuring the first distance, and measuring the second distance from the reference position to the new snow surface formed above the reflective layer by the second observation wave reflected by the snow; And a step of calculating the depth of snow accumulated on the reflective layer by using the first distance and the second distance.

  According to this snow depth observation method, a reflection layer that reflects the first observation wave that can transmit snow is formed on the snow surface at the start of observation of the snow depth, and after the unit time has elapsed, By measuring the distance from the predetermined reference position to the reflective layer, and measuring the distance from the reference position to the snow surface formed above the reflective layer by the second observation wave reflected by the snow, the unit It is possible to calculate the distance between the snow surface formed above the reflective layer and the reflective layer due to time snowfall, that is, the snowfall depth per unit time.

  According to the present invention, it is easy to automate the snowfall depth observation work, and a highly reliable observation result can be obtained.

  The snow depth observation apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  1-7 is explanatory drawing which shows the snowfall depth observation method by the snowfall depth observation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the snowfall depth observation apparatus 1 according to the present invention includes a support column 2, a distance measuring device 3, a reflective layer forming system 4, a control unit 10, and a data transmission unit 11. .

  The distance measuring device 3 is fixed to the tip of a support bar that protrudes laterally from the tip side of a column 2 that is erected on a flat ground. The distance measuring device 3 (first observation wave irradiating means, second observation wave irradiating means) directs the first observation wave that can be transmitted through the snow and the second observation wave that is reflected by the snow downward. Based on the detection result of the detection unit, the detection unit for detecting the irradiation unit to be irradiated, the first observation wave reflected on the reflection layer 14 described later and the second observation wave reflected on the snow, and distance measurement A distance from the device 3 (reference position) to the reflective layer 14 and a distance from the distance measuring device 3 to the snow surface, and a snowfall depth calculation unit (calculation means) for calculating the snowfall depth from the calculation result, Functions as snow depth measurement means.

  The first observation wave and the second observation wave are, for example, an ultrasonic wave, a sound wave, and an electromagnetic wave, and the first observation wave is preferably an ultrasonic wave, and the wavelength thereof is in the range of 50 kHz to 457 kHz. And more preferred. The second observation wave is particularly preferably an ultrasonic wave, and its wavelength is more preferably in the range of 40 kHz to 50 kHz.

  The reflective layer forming system 4 includes an annular drive unit 5 attached to a support column 2 extending vertically at a position lower than the distance measuring device 3, a support arm 6 projecting laterally from the drive unit 5, and a support arm 6. A system main body 7 fixed to the tip of the system main body 7, a distance sensor 8 provided on the lower surface of the system main body 7, and an injection port 9 provided on the lower surface of the system main body 7.

  The drive unit 5 of the reflective layer forming system 4 moves up and down along the support column 2 by a motor or the like and rotates in the circumferential direction of the support column 2. The support arm 6 and the system are moved along with the movement and rotation of the drive unit 5. The main body 7 is moved and rotated. The distance sensor 8 is, for example, an optical sensor, and measures the distance between the snow surface below the system body 7 and the system body 7 with light.

  The system main body 7 of the reflective layer forming system 4 contains a reflective layer forming material for forming a reflective layer that reflects the first observation wave irradiated from the distance measuring device 3. The system body 7 forms a reflective layer by injecting a reflective layer forming substance from the injection port 9 onto the snow surface below. Examples of such a reflective layer forming material include sawdust, wood chips, thinly sliced wooden disks, resin particles that are easily decomposed, resin film pieces, and aluminum foil pieces that are easily reflected. In addition, by using a coagulant or the like as the reflective layer forming substance, the density of snow may be increased and used as the reflective layer.

  The control unit 10 is electrically connected to the distance measuring device 3, the reflection layer forming system 4, and the data transmission unit 11 through wiring. The control unit 10 performs control related to measurement of the distance measuring device 3, movement of the reflective layer forming system 4 and reflective layer forming work, data transmission of snowfall depth by the data transmission unit 11, and the like. The data transmission unit 11 is connected to the distance measuring device 3 through the control unit 10. The data transmission unit 11 transmits the snow depth data calculated by the distance measuring device 3 to a manned observation station having a receiving facility.

  The snow depth observation method by the snow depth observation apparatus 1 having the above configuration will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a snow surface 12 is formed on a flat ground surface 13 at the start of observation of snowfall depth. First, as shown in FIG. 2, the reflection layer forming system 4 is rotated in the direction of arrow A by the drive unit 5, and the system main body 7 is positioned below the distance measuring device 3.

  Next, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, while measuring the distance L <b> 1 with the lower snow surface 12 by the light V <b> 1 of the distance sensor 8, the reflective layer forming system 4 is moved downward by the drive unit 5, and the snow surface The height of the system body 7 is adjusted so that the distance between the nozzle 12 and the injection port 9 is a suitable distance (for example, 30 cm) for forming the reflective layer. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 5, a thin reflective layer 14 is formed on the snow surface 12 by injecting a reflective layer forming substance from the injection port 9. Thereafter, the reflection layer forming system 4 is returned to the position at the start of observation by the drive unit 5. Note that the distance between the snow surface 12 and the injection port 9 may be automatically changed according to the strength of the surrounding wind.

  After a unit time (for example, 1 hour, half day, 1 day), as shown in FIG. 6, a snow surface 16 is formed above the reflective layer 14 due to a new snowfall, and the snow surface 12 at the start of observation has its own weight or Due to the weight of the new snow, it is in a state of sinking by the height T from the average height 15 at the start of observation. In this state, the first observation wave W1 that can pass through the snow is irradiated from the irradiation unit of the distance measuring device 3, and the first observation wave W1 reflected by the reflection layer 14 is detected by the detection unit. The distance between the measuring device 3 and the reflective layer 14, that is, the distance L2 (first distance) between the distance measuring device 3 in the vertical direction and the snow surface 12 at the start of observation is measured.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the second observation wave W2 reflected by the snow is irradiated from the irradiation unit of the distance measuring device 3, and the second observation wave W2 reflected by the snow surface 16 is irradiated by the detection unit. By detecting, the distance L3 (second distance) between the distance measuring device 3 and the new snow surface 16 in the vertical direction is measured.

  Thereafter, the distance measuring device 3 uses the difference between the distance L2 between the distance measuring device 3 and the snow surface 12 at the start of observation and the distance L3 between the distance measuring device 3 and the new snow surface 16 in the snowfall depth calculation unit. Calculate the snowfall depth per unit time. Then, the data on the snow depth calculated by the snow depth calculating unit is transmitted to an observation station or the like by the data transmitting unit 11.

  As described above, according to the snow depth observation apparatus 1 of the present invention, when measuring the distance L2 between the distance measuring device 3 and the snow surface 12 at the start of observation after the elapse of a unit time, the reflection layer together with the settlement of the snow surface 12 Since 14 also sinks, it is possible to measure an accurate distance considering the sinking of the snow surface 12. Therefore, according to the snowfall depth observation apparatus 1, it is possible to obtain a snowfall depth observation result with high reliability by calculating the snowfall depth based on an accurate distance measurement result. Further, since the measurement can be performed on the snow surface 16 supported on the ground instead of the snow surface supported by the snow receiving plate as in the conventional device, the snow to be measured is scattered by the influence of wind or the like. And the reliability of snow depth observation results is improved. Moreover, in the snow depth observation apparatus 1, it is easy to automate the observation work by the control unit 10, and the data transmission unit 11 automatically transmits the snow depth data measured by the distance measuring device 3 to an observation station or the like. Labor can be reduced.

  In addition, since the reflective layer forming system 4 includes a distance sensor 8 that measures the distance to the snow surface 12 below, the injection port 9 is accurately positioned at an optimal position for forming the reflective layer 14 on the snow surface 12. It can be moved well. Accordingly, it is possible to more reliably perform the forming operation of the reflective layer 14, and the reliability of the observation result of the snowfall depth can be improved.

  Further, since the reflective layer forming system 4 can be rotated in the circumferential direction of the support column 2 by the driving unit 5, the distance measured by the distance measuring device 3 can be obtained by rotating the reflective layer forming system 4 in the circumferential direction of the support column 2. At the time of measurement, it is possible to reliably avoid the reflection layer forming system 4 from obstructing the path of the first observation wave and the second observation wave, and it is possible to obtain a highly reliable observation result of the snowfall depth. .

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 6, after the distance between the distance measuring device 3 and the reflective layer 14 (first reflective layer) is measured by the first observation wave W <b> 1, the reflective layer forming system 4 moves above the reflective layer 14. A new reflective layer (second reflective layer) may be formed on the snow surface 16 formed in the above. In this case, by measuring the distance between the distance measuring device 3 and the new reflective layer using the first observation wave W1, the distance between the distance measuring device 3 and the reflective layer 14, and the distance measuring device 3 and the new reflective layer are measured. (Ie, the difference between the distance L2 between the distance measuring device 3 in the vertical direction and the snow surface 12 at the start of observation and the distance between the distance measuring device 3 in the vertical direction and the snow surface 16 after the unit time has elapsed). Snow depth per unit time is calculated from This makes it possible to calculate the snowfall depth per unit time without using the second observation wave W2, so that the function of irradiating and detecting the second observation wave W2 in the distance measuring device 3 is unnecessary, and the snowfall depth The cost of the observation apparatus 1 can be reduced.

  Further, a step of measuring the distance L2 between the distance measuring device 3 and the snow surface 12 at the start of observation by the first observation wave W1, and a distance L3 between the distance measuring device 3 and the snow surface 16 by the second observation wave W2. The order of the measurement step may be reversed or may be performed simultaneously.

  Further, when the reflective layer is formed by the reflective layer forming system 4, based on the distance between the distance measuring device 3 and the snow surface 12 measured by the first observation wave of the distance measuring device 3, the reflective layer forming system 4 The distance between the injection port 9 and the snow surface 12 may be adjusted. In this case, it is not necessary to provide the distance sensor 8 of the reflective layer forming system 4, and the cost of the snowfall depth observation apparatus 1 can be reduced.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the state at the time of the observation start of the snow depth observation method by the snow depth observation apparatus of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the rotational movement process of the reflective layer formation system shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the downward movement process of the reflective layer formation system shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the position adjustment process of a reflection layer forming system. It is explanatory drawing which shows the reflective layer formation process of a reflective layer formation system. It is explanatory drawing which shows the reflective layer distance measurement process of the distance measuring device shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the snow surface distance measurement process of a distance measuring device. It is explanatory drawing which shows the snowfall depth observation method by the conventional measurement scale. It is explanatory drawing which shows the snowfall depth observation method by the conventional snowfall amount measuring apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows the snowfall depth observation method by the snowfall amount measuring apparatus shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the snowfall depth observation method by the snowfall measuring device. It is explanatory drawing which shows the snowfall depth observation method by the conventional time snowfall measuring device. It is explanatory drawing which shows the snowfall depth observation method by the time snowfall amount measuring apparatus shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Snowfall depth observation apparatus, 2 ... Support | pillar, 3 ... Distance measuring device (1st observation wave irradiation means, 2nd observation wave irradiation means, calculation means), 4 ... Reflection layer formation system (reflection layer formation means), DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 ... Drive part, 6 ... Support arm, 7 ... System main body, 8 ... Distance sensor (distance measuring means), 9 ... Injection port, 10 ... Control part, 11 ... Data transmission part, 12 ... Snow surface at the time of observation start, 14 ... reflective layer, 16 ... snow surface after unit time.

Claims (6)

A support column extending vertically,
A first observation wave irradiating means for irradiating the first observation wave that is provided on the column and that can transmit snow, and that detects the first observation wave reflected by the reflective layer;
Reflective layer forming means provided on the pillar and forming the reflective layer on the snow surface;
A calculation means for calculating a depth of snow accumulated on the reflective layer using a detection result of the first observation wave by the first observation wave irradiation means;
A snow depth observation apparatus characterized by comprising: A second observation wave irradiating means for detecting the second observation wave reflected on the snow surface and irradiating the second observation wave reflected on the snow provided on the support;
The calculation means further calculates the depth of snow accumulated on the reflection layer using a detection result of the second observation wave by the second observation wave irradiation means. The snow depth observation apparatus according to 1.   2. The reflective layer forming means includes distance measuring means for measuring a distance to a snow surface below the reflective layer forming means, and is movable up and down along the support column. Or the snowfall depth observation apparatus of Claim 2.   The snowfall depth observation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reflection layer forming means is provided so as to be rotatable in a circumferential direction of the support column. Forming a first reflective layer on the snow surface that reflects the first observation wave that can pass through the snow;
Measuring a first distance from a predetermined reference position to the first reflective layer by the first observation wave;
Forming a second reflective layer that reflects the first observation wave on a new snow surface formed above the first reflective layer;
Measuring a second distance from the reference position to the second reflective layer by the first observation wave;
Calculating a depth of snow between the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer using the first distance and the second distance;
A snow depth observation method characterized by comprising: Forming a reflective layer on the snow surface to reflect the first observation wave that can pass through the snow;
Measuring a first distance from a predetermined reference position to the reflective layer by the first observation wave;
Measuring a second distance from the reference position to a new snow surface formed above the reflective layer by a second observation wave reflected by snow;
Calculating the depth of snow accumulated on the reflective layer using the first distance and the second distance;
A snow depth observation method characterized by comprising:

Images