JP2007303947A - Ice thickness measuring method and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ice thickness measuring method and a device therefor capable of measuring the ice thickness without breaking an ice board, and without disturbing the state wherein crushed ice pieces are deposited. <P>SOLUTION: The distance to the water surface 11 in a water tank is determined by an ultrasonic distance sensor 40, and the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 is moved approximately horizontally, and the distance to the bottom surface of the ice board 12 or a rubble ice 13 formed on the water surface in the water tank is determined by the ultrasonic distance sensor 40. The ice thickness of the ice board 12 or the rubble ice 13 is determined based on a value determined by subtracting the distance to the bottom surface of the ice board 12 or the rubble ice 13 from the distance to the water surface 11. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  More particularly, the present invention relates to an ice thickness measurement method and apparatus for measuring the ice thickness without touching the ice.

  The conventional ice thickness measuring method is, for example, “... pre-ice-making distance from the bottom surface of the ice storage tank to the water surface when all the ice melts is measured in advance, and the ice from the bottom surface of the ice storage tank after ice making is measured. Measure the post-ice-making distance to the boundary surface, subtract the post-ice-making distance from the pre-ice making distance, calculate the amount of water reduction in the ice storage tank, and use this amount of water reduction as the amount of ice storage. The thing is proposed (for example, refer patent document 1).

  In addition, for example, in order to investigate the performance of a ship navigating in the ice sea, an ice seawater tank test (hereinafter referred to as a model ship, etc.) that crushes ice produced on the surface of the aquarium with a model ship or a structural model (hereinafter referred to as a model ship). In the ice thickness measurement in the test), the sample ice cut out from the ice plate made on the surface of the aquarium can be directly measured with a caliper or the like before the test, or the model ship after the test. Similarly, a method of directly measuring the ice thickness of ice pieces crushed by the same method is used. In addition, in the measurement of ice with a stack of crushed ice pieces (hereinafter referred to as “rubble ice”), a stopper that can penetrate the ruble ice from the upper surface to the lower surface and move after it penetrates is measured so as not to destroy the accumulated state of the ice pieces. Using a scale that can recognize the bottom surface of the ice cubes, the method of measuring the thickness of the ice cubes is used.

JP-A-8-5109 (Claim 1, FIG. 1)

  The ice plate made in the water tank varies in ice thickness depending on the location, and it is desired to measure the ice thickness over the entire range of the ice plate for the ice seawater tank test. Further, in the case of rumble ice, there is a large variation in thickness compared to an ice plate, and it is desired to measure the thickness of the rumble ice at a number of locations.

  However, the conventional ice thickness measurement method measures in advance the ice making distance from the bottom surface of the ice storage tank to the water surface when all of the ice melts, and the ice boundary surface from the bottom surface of the ice storage tank after ice making. In order to measure the distance after ice making, it is possible to measure the amount of ice stored in the ice storage tank, but when applied to the measurement of the ice thickness of ice plates or ice rubble made in the water tank for the ice seawater tank test There was a problem that the ice thickness could not be measured in many places.

  In addition, the ice thickness measurement method that measures the ice thickness with calipers or the like affects the test itself if a large number of sample ice is cut out, so the place where the sample is taken is limited. When measuring the crushed ice pieces with calipers etc., it takes a lot of time and labor to measure the ice thickness over the entire area where the model ship passed, so measure the ice thickness at many places There was a problem that it was not possible.

  In addition, when the model ship passes through the ice, the ice pieces that make up the ice move over a wide area around the model ship. Although it is necessary to measure the thickness of the ice, there is a problem that when passing through the scale, the accumulation state is disturbed and the thickness cannot be measured with high accuracy.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is capable of measuring the ice thickness without destroying the ice plate or disturbing the situation in which the crushed ice pieces are accumulated. A method and apparatus are obtained.

  The ice thickness measurement method according to the present invention is an ice thickness measurement method for measuring the ice thickness of an ice plate or crushed ice formed on the water surface of the water tank, and the distance measurement means obtains the distance to the water surface of the water tank, The distance measurement means determines the distance to the bottom of the ice plate or crushed ice formed on the water surface of the water tank, and based on the value obtained by subtracting the distance to the bottom of the ice plate or crushed ice from the distance to the water surface, The ice thickness of the crushed ice is obtained.

  Further, the distance measuring means is moved substantially horizontally, and the distance to the bottom surface of the ice plate or crushed ice is obtained.

  The ice thickness measuring apparatus according to the present invention is an underwater cart that moves substantially horizontally in the water of the aquarium, and the bottom of the ice plate or ice break that is installed on the underwater cart, the distance to the water surface of the aquarium, and the water surface of the aquarium Distance measuring means for measuring the distance to the water surface, and the ice thickness of the ice plate or crushed ice is obtained based on a value obtained by subtracting the distance to the bottom surface of the ice plate or crushed ice from the distance to the water surface.

  The distance measuring means is an ultrasonic distance sensor that transmits an ultrasonic wave toward a water surface, an ice plate, or a bottom surface of crushed ice and receives a reflected wave to measure a distance.

  Moreover, an underwater cart moving means for moving the underwater cart to a desired position is provided.

  In addition, an underwater rail installed substantially horizontally at the bottom of the aquarium is provided, and the underwater cart travels on the underwater rail.

  Further, a plurality of distance measuring means are arranged in parallel in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the underwater cart.

  The distance measuring means is installed to be movable in the vertical direction.

  The present invention obtains the distance to the water surface of the water tank and the distance to the bottom surface of the ice plate or crushed ice formed on the water surface of the water tank by the distance measuring means, and the bottom surface of the ice plate or crushed ice from the distance to the water surface. The ice thickness can be measured without destroying the ice plate or disturbing the situation where the ice pieces have accumulated by obtaining the ice thickness of the ice plate or crushed ice based on the value obtained by subtracting the distance to .

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an ice thickness measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an arrangement of ultrasonic sensors according to the first embodiment. In the figure, an ice seawater tank 10 navigates in an ice sea by, for example, navigating a model ship or the like in the length direction of the aquarium, and breaking ice plates 12 or rumble ice 13 formed on the water surface 11 of the aquarium. It is a water tank that conducts ice seawater tank tests to examine the performance of ships. At the time of the test, the ice seawater tank 10 is filled with aquarium water 14 of a desired level, and on the water surface 11, except for the water surface part 15 which is not subjected to some tests, a substantially flat ice plate 12 or ice pieces are stacked. Ice 13 is made.

  The ice thickness measuring device for measuring the ice thickness of the ice plate 12 or the rumble ice 13 is an underwater rail 20 installed substantially horizontally on the bottom surface of the ice seawater tank 10 and the length of the ice seawater tank 10 above the underwater rail 20. An ultrasonic distance sensor 40 that is a distance measuring means that transmits an ultrasonic wave on the underwater carriage 30 with the side distance direction vertically upward and receives the reflected wave to measure the distance. And a wire 50 that is connected to the underwater carriage 30 and is an underwater carriage moving means for moving the underwater carriage 30 to a desired position. A plurality of ultrasonic distance sensors 40 are arranged side by side in the width direction of the ice seawater tank 10, which is a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the underwater cart 30.

  Moreover, the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 has a display part (not shown) arrange | positioned outside the ice seawater tank 10, and displays the information of the measured distance. In addition, the display part of the some ultrasonic distance sensor 40 may be made common, and measurement information may be displayed by each ultrasonic distance sensor 40 and connection switching.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the installation range of the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 in the width direction of the ice seawater tank 10 is wider than the width of a model ship or the like, and the number of ultrasonic distance sensors 40 is arranged in the width direction of 10 or more. It is desirable. Moreover, in order to grasp | ascertain the position of the underwater cart 30 by visual observation, you may install in the underwater cart 30 the light source (not shown) which irradiates beam light etc. upwards.
The details of the operation of measuring the ice thickness with such a configuration will be described with reference to FIGS.

  3 is a diagram illustrating distance measurement to the water surface according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating distance measurement to the ice plate bottom according to the first embodiment. First, as shown in FIG. 3, the underwater cart 30 is located at a position where the ice plate 12 or the rumble ice 13 is not on the water surface by manual operation using a wire 50 of a person who performs ice thickness measurement (hereinafter referred to as a measurer). Moved to. Each ultrasonic distance sensor 40 measures the distance from the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 to the water surface 11 and displays the measured distance information on the display unit. The measurer acquires the measurement values of each ultrasonic distance sensor 40. Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the underwater cart 30 travels on the underwater rail 20 installed in the length direction of the ice seawater tank 10 by the operator's manual operation. Each ultrasonic distance sensor 40 measures the distance from the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 to the bottom surface of the ice plate 12 or the iceable ice 13 made on the water surface, and displays the measured distance information on the display unit. The measurer acquires the measurement values of each ultrasonic distance sensor 40. The measurer moves the underwater cart 30 to a desired position where the ice thickness is measured, and acquires the distance to the bottom surface of the ice plate 12 or the rumble ice 13.

  After acquiring the measurement value at the desired position where the ice thickness measurement is performed, the measurer obtains the value at each measurement position based on the value obtained by subtracting the distance to the bottom surface of the ice plate 12 or the ice rubble 13 from the acquired distance to the water surface. Calculate ice thickness. In calculating the ice thickness, the ice thickness may be obtained by correcting the specific gravity of the ice in consideration of the thickness of the ice on the water surface, or may be calculated with other necessary corrections.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of measuring the ice thickness of the rubble ice according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5 shows an example of the distribution of the thickness below the surface of the rubble ice 13 in which 10 ultrasonic distance sensors 40 are arranged in the width direction and measured at 8 points in the length direction of the ice seawater tank 10 at intervals of 2 m. The ice thickness at the point can be measured, and the shape of the bottom surface of the rubble ice 13 can be grasped as shown in the figure.

  As described above, the plurality of ultrasonic distance sensors 40 arranged on the underwater cart 30 that travels along the bottom surface of the ice seawater tank 10 in the length direction of the water tank, the distance to the water surface 11 and the ice plate 12 or the rumble ice 13 Measuring the distance to the bottom without touching them, and measuring the ice thickness based on the difference between them, measuring the ice thickness without destroying the ice plate 12 or disturbing the situation in which the ice pieces have accumulated. I can do it. Also, the ice thickness can be measured with high accuracy by reducing the time and labor involved in sample collection and not affecting the state of the ice plate 12 or the rubble ice 13. In addition, the ice thickness can be measured over the entire range of the ice plate 12 or the rubble ice 13 to be tested.

  In the present embodiment, the underwater cart 30 is manually moved using the wire 50 connected to the underwater cart 30, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be moved using an electric motor or the like. .

  In the present embodiment, the underwater carriage 30 is moved to a desired position by manual measurement by the measurer, and the ice thickness is sequentially measured. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the movement distance of the underwater carriage 30 or The position may be detected, and the ice thickness of the ice plate 12 or the rubble ice 13 may be obtained continuously based on the detected position information and the measured distance information to the ice plate 12 or the rubble ice 13.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the second embodiment, in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment, an arithmetic processing unit (not shown) connected to the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 and a distance meter (not shown) for detecting the moving distance of the underwater cart 30. 2).

Next, the operation of the present embodiment having such a configuration will be described.
As in the first embodiment, the underwater cart 30 is moved to a position where there is no ice plate 12 or rumble ice 13 on the water surface. Each ultrasonic distance sensor 40 measures the distance from the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 to the water surface 11 and inputs information on the measured distance to the arithmetic processing unit. The arithmetic processing unit stores the input distance information.

  Next, the underwater carriage 30 travels on the underwater rail 20 installed in the length direction of the ice seawater tank 10 by the operator's manual operation or an electric motor. Each ultrasonic distance sensor 40 measures the distance from the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 to the bottom surface of the ice plate 12 or the iceable ice 13 made on the water surface, and inputs the measured distance information to the arithmetic processing unit. The arithmetic processing unit stores the input distance information. At this time, the distance meter detects the movement distance of the underwater cart 30 and inputs information on the detected movement distance to the arithmetic processing unit. In addition, you may perform the distance measurement of the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 for every arbitrary travel distance.

  The arithmetic processing unit calculates the ice thickness at each measurement position based on a value obtained by subtracting the distance from the stored distance to the water surface 11 to the bottom surface of the ice plate 12 or the iceable ice 13 after the underwater cart 30 has traveled a predetermined distance. . In calculating the ice thickness, the ice thickness may be obtained by correcting the specific gravity of the ice in consideration of the thickness of the ice on the water surface, or may be calculated with other necessary corrections.

  As described above, the ice plate to be tested is provided by providing the distance meter that detects the moving distance of the underwater cart 30 and the arithmetic processing unit that inputs the information of the measurement value of the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 and calculates the ice thickness. It is possible to reduce a great amount of time and labor when measuring the ice thickness over the entire range of the twelve or the rubble ice 13.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
In the third embodiment, in measuring the ice thickness of the ruble ice 13, the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 is arranged at an appropriate position in accordance with the size of the ice piece of the ruble ice 13. In the present embodiment, the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 is installed on the underwater cart 30 so as to be movable in the vertical direction. For example, an attachment member (not shown) capable of adjusting the attachment height is used. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment. Next, the relationship between the measurement range of the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 and the distance will be described.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of verification of ice thickness measurement using rumble ice according to the third embodiment. The ultrasonic distance sensor 40 transmits ultrasonic waves and receives the reflected waves to measure the distance. Since the directivity of the ultrasonic wave spreads as it propagates from the launching part into the water, the measurement resolution becomes wider as the distance to the reflecting surface increases. The rubble ice 13 is an ice group on which crushed ice pieces are deposited, and the bottom surface of the rubble ice 13 gathers to form an irregular and void bottom surface as shown in FIG. 6 (b). When such a bottom surface is measured by ultrasonic waves with narrow directivity, the ultrasonic waves penetrate into the inside where the crushed ice pieces are deposited, and an accurate distance cannot be measured due to irregular reflection. In addition, if ultrasonic waves having a wide directivity are used, it is impossible to measure the change in the shape of the bottom surface of the iceable ice.

  In order to measure the change in the shape of the bottom surface of the ice cube 13, it is necessary to measure the bottom surface of the ice cube 13 almost in an envelope shape. Must be the same or slightly larger. This measurement range depends on the relationship between the unique ultrasonic wavelength of the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 and the distance from the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 to the reflection surface, that is, the bottom surface of the ice cube 13. Accordingly, the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 is moved in the vertical direction using an attachment member (not shown) capable of adjusting the attachment height provided on the underwater cart 30 to adjust the measurement range to an appropriate size. For example, the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 is moved in the vertical direction so that the diameter of the measurement surface is 5 cm when the size of each ice piece constituting the rumble ice is 4 cm.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a verification result of ice thickness measurement by the rubble ice according to the third embodiment. FIG. 7 shows the result of an element test conducted to confirm that measurement is possible even on the ice cubes 13 having a bottom surface with irregular and voids where the pieces of ice are gathered. In FIG. 7, the horizontal axis is a value obtained by actually measuring the ice thickness of the ruble ice 13 with a scale or the like, and the vertical axis is the ice thickness value of the ruble ice 13 calculated using the ultrasonic distance sensor 40. As described above, the measurement range of the object by the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 has a property of expanding with the distance. By adjusting this distance and adjusting the measurement range of the object to the size of the ice breaker, The effect of unevenness can be eliminated. It can be seen that the actual ice thickness and the ice thickness measured by the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 agree well with each other in the ice cubes 13.

  As described above, the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 is installed on the underwater cart 30 so as to be movable in the vertical direction, the distance between the ultrasonic distance sensor 40 and the ruble ice bottom is adjusted, and the measurement range is set to the size of the ice breaker. By adjusting, the ice thickness of the rubble ice 13 can be accurately measured.

1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an ice thickness measuring apparatus according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of ultrasonic sensors according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows distance measurement to the water surface which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows distance measurement to the ice-plate bottom which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the ice thickness measurement example of the ruble ice which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the verification example of the ice thickness measurement by the rumble ice which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of a verification result of the ice thickness measurement by the rable ice which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

10 ice seawater tank, 11 water surface, 12 ice plate, 13 rubble ice, 14 water tank water, 15 water surface part, 20 underwater rail, 30 underwater cart, 40 ultrasonic distance sensor, 50 wires.

Claims (8)

An ice thickness measurement method for measuring the ice thickness of an ice plate or crushed ice formed on the surface of a water tank,
By the distance measuring means, obtain the distance to the water surface of the aquarium,
By the distance measuring means, obtain the distance to the bottom of the ice plate or crushed ice formed on the water surface of the water tank,
An ice thickness measurement method, wherein an ice thickness of the ice plate or crushed ice is obtained based on a value obtained by subtracting a distance to the bottom surface of the ice plate or crushed ice from a distance to the water surface.   2. The ice thickness measuring method according to claim 1, wherein a distance to a bottom surface of the ice plate or crushed ice is obtained while moving the distance measuring means substantially horizontally. An underwater cart that moves substantially horizontally in the water of the aquarium,
A distance measuring means that is installed in the underwater cart and measures the distance to the water surface of the aquarium and the distance to the ice plate formed on the water surface of the aquarium or the bottom surface of the crushed ice;
An ice thickness measuring device for obtaining an ice thickness of the ice plate or crushed ice based on a value obtained by subtracting a distance to the bottom surface of the ice plate or crushed ice from a distance to the water surface.   The distance measuring means is an ultrasonic distance sensor that transmits an ultrasonic wave toward the water surface or the bottom surface of the ice plate or crushed ice and receives the reflected wave to measure the distance. The ice thickness measuring device described.   The ice thickness measuring device according to claim 3 or 4, further comprising an underwater cart moving means for moving the underwater cart to a desired position. Comprising an underwater rail installed substantially horizontally at the bottom of the aquarium,
The ice thickness measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the underwater cart travels on the underwater rail.   The ice thickness measuring device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein a plurality of the distance measuring means are arranged in parallel in a direction orthogonal to a traveling direction of the underwater cart. The ice thickness measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the distance measuring unit is installed to be movable in a vertical direction.

Images