CN112284271A - Device for measuring thickness of ice layer of river channel on line - Google Patents
Device for measuring thickness of ice layer of river channel on line Download PDFInfo
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- CN112284271A CN112284271A CN202011251031.6A CN202011251031A CN112284271A CN 112284271 A CN112284271 A CN 112284271A CN 202011251031 A CN202011251031 A CN 202011251031A CN 112284271 A CN112284271 A CN 112284271A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0616—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of coating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
- G01B15/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring thickness
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- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for measuring the thickness of an ice layer of a river channel on line, which comprises support columns, a control box, a measuring part and a driving part, wherein connecting rods are arranged between the support columns, the measuring part is arranged between the connecting rods and comprises a slide rod, a floating plate, a slide block and a measuring barrel, alcohol is filled in the measuring barrel, an upper suspension block, a lower suspension block, a displacement sensor and a reflector plate are arranged in the alcohol, the displacement sensor is spirally arranged in the upper suspension block, the reflector plate is arranged at the upper end of the lower suspension block, the lower end of the displacement sensor is flush with the upper surface of the ice layer, the upper surface of the reflector plate is flush with the lower surface of the ice layer, the displacement sensor is used for measuring the distance, the displacement sensor is arranged in the alcohol, light or wave for measurement is transmitted in the same medium, the condition that the transmission speed of the light or the wave is not changed is avoided, and the measuring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological detection, in particular to a device for measuring the thickness of an ice layer of a river channel on line.
Background
The air temperature is low in winter in northern areas of China, the phenomenon of freezing generally exists, and natural phenomena such as growth, dissipation, accumulation and the like of ice layers in rivers, lakes and reservoirs not only seriously affect the operation of a plurality of hydraulic engineering facilities and water traffic, but also damage the life and property safety of people on the bank of rivers.
Whether environmental resources, hydrologic management or hydraulic structure design need to know relevant indexes of the ice layer, wherein the most intuitive, basic and important indexes are the thickness of the ice layer and the change process of the thickness.
The existing ice layer thickness detection method comprises the steps of 1, punching an ice layer for manual measurement, 2, utilizing weak conductivity of water and ice and electrical insulation of air for automatic thickness measurement, and 3, performing radar satellite remote measurement; the method is most accurate in manual measurement, high in danger, incapable of continuous monitoring, incapable of measuring when an ice layer is thin, easily influenced by air humidity and rain and snow weather by an electrical insulation method, and overlarge in radar satellite telemetering error.
Therefore, a device for measuring the thickness of the ice layer of the river channel on line, which can continuously measure the thickness of the ice layer, has accurate measurement result and is not influenced by weather, is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects that the measurement result in the prior art has large error, cannot be continuously measured and is greatly influenced by weather, the invention provides the device for measuring the thickness of the ice layer of the river channel on line, and aims to provide the device for measuring the thickness of the ice layer of the river channel on line, which can continuously measure the thickness of the ice layer, has accurate measurement result and is not influenced by weather.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the device for measuring the thickness of the ice layer of the river channel on line comprises a support column, a control box, a measuring part and a driving part;
the device comprises support columns, a controller, a storage battery, a wire, a measuring part and a measuring part, wherein the support columns are vertical columns, the number of the support columns is two, the heights of the two support columns are consistent, the two support columns are aligned left and right, the upper ends of the left support column are provided with a control box, the controller and the storage battery are arranged in the control box, the controller is connected with the storage battery through the wire, a horizontal upper connecting rod and a horizontal lower connecting rod are respectively arranged between the top ends and the middle part of the two support columns, connecting rings are arranged at the middle parts of the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod, the;
the measuring part comprises a slide bar, a floating plate, a sliding block and a measuring cylinder, the slide bar comprises a left vertical first bar body and a right vertical second bar body, the upper end of the slide bar is connected with an upper connecting rod, the lower end of the slide bar is connected with a lower connecting rod, the floating plate and the sliding block are sleeved on the slide bar, the floating plate is a circular plate body with apparent density smaller than that of water, the left part and the right part of the floating plate are respectively provided with a first through hole corresponding to the first bar body and the second bar body of the slide bar, the first through hole is in sliding contact with the first bar body and the second bar body of the slide bar, the center of the floating plate is coaxially provided with a first through hole penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface of the floating plate, the inner wall of the first through hole is provided with an annular first groove body which is sunken towards the floating plate and has an opening towards the central axis of the floating plate, a plurality of first magnets are uniformly distributed in the first groove body, the sliding block comprises a hemisphere and a cone which are coaxially connected, the hemisphere is a hemisphere with a spherical surface protruding leftwards and a straight surface facing rightwards, the tip end of the cone faces rightwards and the straight surface faces leftwards, the straight surface of the cone is consistent with the straight surface of the hemisphere in size, the straight surface of the cone is connected with the straight surface of the hemisphere, the hemisphere and the cone are in smooth transition connection, the apparent density of the sliding block is less than the density of water, the gravity center of the sliding block is located on the central axis of the floating plate, a second through hole which vertically corresponds to the first through hole is formed in the sliding block, the second through hole is in sliding contact with a first rod body and a second rod body of the sliding rod, a second through hole which vertically corresponds to the first through hole is formed in the gravity center of the sliding block, a second groove body which is recessed towards the inside of the sliding block and has an opening facing to the central axis of the second through hole is formed in the upper, the N poles of the second magnets face the central axis of the second through holes, measuring cylinders are arranged in the first through holes of the floating plate and the second through holes of the sliding block in a penetrating manner, the measuring cylinders are cylindrical bodies with open upper ends, the peripheral walls of the measuring cylinders are spaced from the first through holes and the second through holes, the upper ends of the measuring cylinders penetrate through the connecting rings on the upper connecting rods and are flush with the upper ends of the connecting rings on the upper connecting rods, the lower ends of the measuring cylinders penetrate through the connecting rings on the lower connecting rods and are flush with the lower ends of the connecting rings on the lower connecting rods, a cover body for closing the upper ends of the measuring cylinders is arranged at the upper end openings of the measuring cylinders, the measuring cylinders are filled with alcohol, upper suspension blocks, lower suspension blocks, displacement sensors and reflecting plates are arranged in the alcohol, the upper suspension blocks are cylinders, the peripheral walls of the upper suspension blocks are spaced from the inner peripheral walls of the measuring cylinders, the upper ends of the upper suspension blocks are flush with the upper ends of the floating plates, third, the upper suspension block around the third through hole is provided with a permeable hole penetrating through the upper and lower surfaces of the upper suspension block, the peripheral wall of the upper suspension block is provided with a third groove body which corresponds to the first groove body and is sunken towards the inner part of the upper suspension block and is provided with an outward opening, a plurality of third magnets are uniformly distributed in the third groove body, the N poles of the third magnets face to the central axis of the upper suspension block, the lower suspension block and the upper suspension block are consistent in structure size, the lower suspension block is positioned below the upper suspension block and corresponds to the upper suspension block up and down, the upper end of the lower suspension block is flush with the upper end of the sliding block, a displacement sensor is screwed in a third through hole of the upper suspension block, the detection direction of the displacement sensor is vertical and downward, a lead of the displacement sensor penetrates through the cover body and the control box to be connected with a controller, a reflector is arranged at the upper end of the third through hole of the lower suspension block, and the upper surface of the reflector is flush with the upper surface of the lower suspension block;
the utility model discloses a slide block, including casing, motor, electromagnetic clutch and pivot, the drive division includes casing, motor, electromagnetic clutch and pivot, the casing is the cavity cuboid, and the casing is located lower connecting rod front side, casing and lower connecting rod fixed connection, is provided with the motor in the casing, the output shaft of motor connects electromagnetic clutch's input shaft, electromagnetic clutch's output shaft has the pivot that is less than lower connecting rod, the horizontally, the one end of pivot runs through casing rear wall, and the other end is stretched out lower connecting rod rear side from lower connecting rod below level, two lines of wheels of fixedly connected with in the pivot, two lines of wheels are located the front and back both sides of lower connecting rod below respectively, and two lines of wheels are gone up and all have the stay wire along the winding of same direction.
Further, be provided with the protection network between two support columns, the protection network is oval, the netted barrel of both ends opening about, for horizontal cross section, and both ends are connected respectively on two support columns about the protection network, and the protection screen panel is outside at measuring part and drive division, and the both ends bottom of protection network upwards is provided with the cell body that opens downwards corresponding with last connecting rod and lower connecting rod respectively, and the protection network clamps on last connecting rod and lower connecting rod through the cell body.
Further, the motor and the electromagnetic clutch are connected with the controller through wires penetrating through the shell and the control box.
Furthermore, a wireless signal transmitting device is arranged on the control box and connected with the controller.
Furthermore, the outside of the lead of the displacement sensor is wrapped with a shielding net.
Further, the apparent density of the upper suspension block and the apparent density of the lower suspension block are consistent with the density of alcohol.
Furthermore, the length of the wire of the displacement sensor positioned in the measuring cylinder is greater than or equal to the height of the measuring cylinder, and the wire is coiled in the measuring cylinder.
Furthermore, the front side and the rear side of the connecting ring on the lower connecting rod are respectively provided with a positioning ring which is arranged above the two wire wheels, the positioning rings are annular bodies and are connected with the connecting ring on the lower connecting rod, and the positioning rings are sleeved outside the pull wire.
Further, when the floating plate is placed on the water surface, the lower end of the displacement sensor is flush with the water surface.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the ice layer thickness is determined by the distance between the floating plate and the sliding block, the lower end of the displacement sensor is flush with the upper surface of the ice layer, the upper surface of the reflector is flush with the lower surface of the ice layer, the distance is measured by the displacement sensor, the displacement sensor is arranged in alcohol, light or waves for measurement are transmitted in the same medium, the condition that the transmission speed of the light or waves is changed cannot occur, and the measurement result is accurate.
When the device is used, the floating plate is frozen above the ice layer, the lower end of the displacement sensor is flush with the upper surface of the ice layer, the lower end of the displacement sensor automatically floats upwards and is abutted against the lower surface of the ice layer after being driven by the motor to slide downwards by virtue of the sliding block, the upper surface of the reflector is flush with the lower surface of the ice layer, actions required by measurement are carried out below the ice layer, and the device is protected by the ice layer and is not influenced by other factors.
The device can be arranged in the water flow when the water flow is not frozen, the device can continuously work until the ice layer is ablated, manual intervention is not needed, and the danger of standing on the ice layer during manual punching and measurement is reduced.
The invention can set the measuring time, measure once at intervals of a certain time, and can also measure continuously, and meanwhile, the measuring process of the invention can be controlled remotely, does not need measuring personnel to visit the site, and is convenient to use.
The measuring cylinder is filled with alcohol, so that the measuring cylinder can be kept from being frozen, buoyancy is provided for the upper suspension block and the lower suspension block, the upper suspension block and the lower suspension block can easily move along with the floating plate and the sliding block, the uniformity of a medium in the measuring range of the displacement sensor can be ensured, the measuring accuracy and precision are ensured, and errors are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion B of fig. 2.
The reference numbers in the drawings are as follows: 1 is a supporting column, 2 is a control box, 3 is a sliding rod, 4 is a floating plate, 5 is a sliding block, 6 is a measuring cylinder, 7 is a driving part, 8 is a protective net, 9 is a shielding net, 11 is an upper connecting rod, 12 is a lower connecting rod, 13 is a connecting ring, 41 is a first magnet, 51 is a second magnet, 61 is a cover body, 62 is an upper suspension block, 63 is a lower suspension block, 64 is a displacement sensor, 65 is a reflecting plate, 71 is a shell, 72 is a motor, 73 is an electromagnetic clutch, 74 is a rotating shaft, 131 is a positioning ring, 621 is a third through hole, 622 is a water permeable hole, 623 is a third magnet, 741 is a reel and 742 is a pull wire.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
it should be noted that directional terms used in the following description such as "front", "back", "left", "right", "up", "down", "bottom" and "top" refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the device for online measuring the thickness of the ice layer of the river comprises a support column 1, a control box 2, a measuring part and a driving part 7;
the device comprises supporting columns 1, a controller and a storage battery, wherein the supporting columns 1 are vertical columns, the number of the supporting columns 1 is two, the heights of the two supporting columns 1 are the same, the two supporting columns 1 are aligned left and right, the upper end of the supporting column 1 on the left side is provided with a control box 2, the control box 2 is internally provided with the controller and the storage battery, the controller is connected with the storage battery through a lead, a horizontal upper connecting rod 11 and a horizontal lower connecting rod 12 are respectively arranged between the top ends and the middle part of the two supporting columns 1, connecting rings 13 are respectively arranged in the middle parts of the upper connecting rod 11 and the lower connecting rod 12, the connecting rings 13 are annular bodies, and a measuring part is;
the measuring part comprises a slide bar 3, a floating plate 4, a slide block 5 and a measuring cylinder 6, the slide bar 3 comprises a first vertical bar body and a second vertical bar body, the upper end of the slide bar 3 is connected with an upper connecting rod 11, the lower end of the slide bar 3 is connected with a lower connecting rod 12, the slide bar 3 is sleeved with the floating plate 4 and the slide block 5, the floating plate 4 is a circular plate body with apparent density smaller than that of water, the left part and the right part of the floating plate 4 are respectively provided with a first through hole corresponding to the first bar body and the second bar body of the slide bar 3, the first through hole is in sliding contact with the first bar body and the second bar body of the slide bar 3, the center of the floating plate 4 is coaxially provided with a first through hole penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface of the floating plate 4, the inner wall of the first through hole is provided with an annular first groove body which is sunken towards the inner wall of the floating plate 4 and has an opening towards the central axis of the floating plate 4, a plurality of first magnets, preferably, the floating plate 4 is made of foam glass, a layer of waterproof coating is wrapped outside the foam glass, so that the density value obtained by dividing the sum of the weight of the floating plate 4 and the first magnets 41 by the volume of the floating plate is less than 1g/cm, the apparent density of the floating plate is less than that of water, the floating plate can float on the water surface, the sliding rod 3 below the floating plate 4 is sleeved with a sliding block 5, the sliding block 5 comprises a hemisphere and a cone which are coaxially connected, the hemisphere is a hemisphere with a convex spherical surface towards the left and a right straight surface, the tip of the cone faces towards the right and the left straight surface, the straight surface of the cone is consistent with the straight surface of the hemisphere, the straight surface of the cone is connected with the straight surface of the hemisphere, the hemisphere is in smooth transition connection with the cone, the apparent density of the sliding block 5 is less than that of water, the center of gravity of the sliding block 5 is located on the central axis of the floating plate 4, a second through hole vertically corresponding to the first through hole is formed in the sliding block 5, the second through hole is in sliding contact with the first rod body and the second rod body of the sliding rod 3, a second through hole vertically corresponding to the first through hole is formed in the gravity center of the sliding block 5, a second groove body which is recessed towards the inside of the sliding block 5 and is opened towards the central axis of the second through hole is formed in the upper portion of the inner wall of the second through hole, a plurality of second magnets 51 are uniformly distributed in the second groove body, the N poles of the plurality of second magnets 51 face towards the central axis of the second through hole, preferably, the sliding block 5 is made of foam glass, a waterproof coating is coated outside the foam glass, the density value obtained by dividing the sum of the weight of the sliding block 5 and the plurality of second magnets 51 by the volume of the sliding block 5 is smaller than 1g/cm, and therefore the sliding block 5 has large buoyancy in water, the sliding block 5 can float upwards automatically when no external force is applied, the measuring cylinder 6 is arranged in the first through hole of the floating plate 4 and the second through hole of the sliding block 5 in a penetrating manner, the measuring cylinder 6 is a cylinder with an open upper end, the outer peripheral wall of the measuring cylinder 6 is provided with a distance with the first through hole and the second through hole, the upper end of the measuring cylinder 6 penetrates through the connecting ring 13 on the upper connecting rod 11 and is flush with the upper end of the connecting ring 13 on the upper connecting rod 11, the lower end of the measuring cylinder 6 penetrates through the connecting ring 13 on the lower connecting rod 12 and is flush with the lower end of the connecting ring 13 on the lower connecting rod 12, the opening at the upper end of the measuring cylinder 6 is provided with a cover body 61 for closing the opening at the upper end of the measuring cylinder 6, the measuring cylinder 6 is filled with alcohol, an upper suspension block 62, a lower suspension block 63, a displacement sensor 64 and a reflecting plate 65 are arranged in the alcohol, the upper suspension, the upper end of the upper suspension block 62 is flush with the upper end of the floating plate 4, the center of the upper suspension block 62 is provided with a third through hole 621 which vertically penetrates through the upper suspension block 62, the upper suspension block 62 around the third through hole 621 is provided with a water permeable hole 622 which vertically penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper suspension block 62, the peripheral wall of the upper suspension block 62 is provided with a third groove body which corresponds to the first groove body and is concave towards the inside of the upper suspension block 62 and is provided with an outward opening, a plurality of third magnets 623 are uniformly distributed in the third groove body, the N poles of the plurality of third magnets 623 face the central axis of the upper suspension block 62, the lower suspension block 63 and the upper suspension block 62 are consistent in structural size, the lower suspension block 63 is located below the upper suspension block 62 and vertically corresponds to the upper suspension block 62, the upper end of the lower suspension block 63 is flush with the upper end of the sliding block 5, and a displacement sensor 64 is spirally arranged in the third through hole 621 of the upper suspension block 62, the detection direction of the displacement sensor 64 is vertically downward, a lead of the displacement sensor 64 penetrates through the cover body 61 and the control box 2 to be connected with the controller, the upper end of a third through hole 621 of the lower suspension block 63 is provided with a light reflecting plate 65, and the upper surface of the light reflecting plate 65 is flush with the upper surface of the lower suspension block 63;
the driving portion 7 includes a housing 71, a motor 72, an electromagnetic clutch 73 and a rotating shaft 74, the housing 71 is a hollow cuboid, the housing 71 is located on the front side of the lower connecting rod 12, the housing 71 is fixedly connected with the lower connecting rod 12, the motor 72 is arranged in the housing 71, an output shaft of the motor 72 is connected with an input shaft of the electromagnetic clutch 73, an output shaft of the electromagnetic clutch 73 is connected with the rotating shaft 74 which is lower than the lower connecting rod 12 and horizontal, one end of the rotating shaft 74 penetrates through the rear side wall of the housing 71, the other end of the rotating shaft horizontally extends out of the rear side of the lower connecting rod 12 from the lower side of the lower connecting rod 12, two wire wheels 741 are fixedly connected on the rotating shaft 74, the two wire wheels 741 are respectively located on the front side and the rear side of the lower connecting rod 12, pull wires 742 are wound on the two wire wheels.
Be provided with protection network 8 between two support columns 1, protection network 8 is that the horizontal cross-section is oval, upper and lower both ends open-ended netted barrel, and both ends are connected respectively on two support columns 1 about protection network 8, and protection network 8 covers in measuring portion and 7 outsides of drive division, and the both ends bottom of protection network 8 upwards is provided with respectively with the decurrent cell body of opening corresponding with last connecting rod 11 and lower connecting rod 12, and protection network 8 clamps on connecting rod 11 and lower connecting rod 12 through the cell body.
The motor 72 and the electromagnetic clutch 73 are both connected with the controller through a lead wire penetrating through the shell 71 and the control box 2.
The control box 2 is provided with a wireless signal transmitting device, the wireless signal transmitting device adopts a UV double-section high-gain vehicle-mounted radio station antenna produced by Quanzhou city Tian-Lu communication technology Limited, the wireless signal transmitting device is connected with a controller, and the wireless signal transmitting device is connected with the controller.
The outside of the lead of the displacement sensor 64 is wrapped with a shielding net 9.
The apparent density of the upper suspension block 62 and the lower suspension block 63 is consistent with the density of alcohol.
The length of the wire of the displacement sensor 64 inside the measuring cylinder 6 is greater than or equal to the height of the measuring cylinder 6, and the wire is coiled inside the measuring cylinder 6.
The front side and the rear side of the connecting ring 13 on the lower connecting rod 12 are respectively provided with a positioning ring 131 arranged above the two pulleys 741, the positioning ring 131 is an annular body, the positioning ring 131 is connected with the connecting ring 13 on the lower connecting rod 12, and the positioning ring 131 is sleeved outside the pull wire 742.
When the floating plate 4 is placed on the water surface, the lower end of the displacement sensor 64 is level with the water surface, because the upper suspension block 62 is adsorbed by the first magnet 41, when the floating plate 4 floats on the water surface, the upper suspension block 62 is also positioned near the water surface, because the displacement sensor 64 is screwed in the third through hole 621 of the upper suspension block 62, and the displacement sensor 64 is in threaded connection with the third through hole 621 of the upper suspension block 62, the height of the displacement sensor 64 in the third through hole 621 of the upper suspension block 62 can be finely adjusted by rotating the displacement sensor 64, so that the lower end of the displacement sensor 64 is level with the water surface outside the measuring cylinder 6, the cover body is covered after the adjustment, and the positioning work of the displacement sensor 64 is completed, and the aim of directly measuring the thickness of the ice layer is achieved without calculation.
The controller adopts an ice thickness measuring and controlling instrument in the university of tai chii university study paper 'ice layer thickness automatic detection method and system research thereof', the ice thickness measuring and controlling instrument is required to act once every 15 minutes, namely, the controller controls each electrical component to act once every 15 minutes, wherein a lead wire connected with a water pump is connected to a motor 72 and an electromagnetic clutch 73, and a sensor cable is connected with a displacement sensor 64.
The motor 72 adopts a PF-28RP395 direct-current planetary reduction motor, the electromagnetic clutch 73 adopts an XND-LHQ-34 type miniature electromagnetic clutch, and the displacement sensor adopts an E3FJ-R2B1 feedback reflection type photoelectric displacement sensor.
Before use, the position of the displacement sensor is adjusted, when the floating plate 4 is placed on the water surface, the lower end of the displacement sensor 64 is level with the water surface, the invention is placed in a river channel, the lower ends of two supporting columns 1 are inserted into silt at the bottom of the river channel, the bottom surface of the control box 2 is higher than the highest water level in the past year, the lower end of the measuring cylinder 6 is lower than the lowest point of an ice layer in the past year, (the measuring cylinders required in different regions are different in length, the water level height changes greatly, and the measuring cylinder required in the region with the thicker ice layer needs to be increased properly).
In the use, because the floating plate 4 floats on the surface of water, displacement sensor 64 lower extreme is level with the water face, after the surface of water freezes, displacement sensor 64 lower extreme is level with ice sheet upper surface, because the freezing point of alcohol is 117.3 ℃ below zero, the alcohol in the measuring cylinder 6 is not frozen, keeps flowable state, therefore hangs down the floating block 63 in the measuring cylinder 6 can be adsorbed by sliding block 5 and move along with sliding block 5, keeps static relatively with floating plate 4 and sliding block 5.
The sliding block 5 is controlled by the motor 72 and the electromagnetic clutch 73, according to the timing program of the ice thickness measuring and controlling instrument, the controller controls the electromagnetic clutch 73 to attract, the motor 72 is started to wind the wire wheel 741 to lead the sliding block 5 to slide downwards, when the sliding block 5 slides to the bottom, the motor 72 stops, the electromagnetic clutch 73 releases, the rotating shaft 74 is no longer constrained by the output shaft of the electromagnetic clutch 73, the pulling wire 742 is pulled when the sliding block 5 floats upwards due to buoyancy, the rotating shaft 74 rotates reversely to pay off until the upper end of the sliding block 5 is pressed against the lower surface of the ice layer, because the upper end of the lower suspension block 63 is flush with the upper end of the sliding block 5, therefore, the upper surface of the reflector 65 on the lower suspension block 63 is flush with the upper end of the lower suspension block 63, that is, the distance between the lower end of the displacement sensor 64 and the reflector 65 at the moment is the thickness of the ice layer, and the thickness of the ice layer is directly fed back to the controller and then uploaded to the cloud or the server or other receivable devices through the controller.
The measuring cylinder 6 is filled with alcohol, so that the measuring cylinder 6 is kept not to be frozen, the upper suspension block 62 and the lower suspension block 63 are provided with buoyancy, the upper suspension block 62 and the lower suspension block 63 can easily move along with the floating plate 4 and the sliding block 5, and the medium uniformity in the measuring range of the displacement sensor 64 is realized, so that the measuring accuracy and precision are ensured, and the error is reduced.
The ice layer thickness is determined by the distance between the floating plate 4 and the sliding block 5, the lower end of the displacement sensor 64 is flush with the upper surface of the ice layer, the upper surface of the reflector 65 is flush with the lower surface of the ice layer, the distance is measured by the displacement sensor 64, the displacement sensor 64 is placed in alcohol, light or waves for measurement are transmitted in the same medium, the condition that the transmission speed of the light or waves is changed cannot occur, and the measurement result is accurate.
When the device is used, the floating plate 4 is frozen above the ice layer, the lower end of the displacement sensor 64 is flush with the upper surface of the ice layer, the lower end of the displacement sensor is driven by the motor 72 to slide downwards by virtue of the sliding block 5 and then automatically floats upwards to be abutted against the lower surface of the ice layer, the upper surface of the reflector 65 is flush with the lower surface of the ice layer, the actions required by measurement are carried out below the ice layer, and the device is protected by the ice layer and is not influenced by other factors.
The device can be arranged in the water flow when the water flow is not frozen, the device can continuously work until the ice layer is ablated, manual intervention is not needed, and the danger of standing on the ice layer during manual punching and measurement is reduced.
The invention can set the measuring time, measure once at intervals of a certain time, and can also measure continuously, and meanwhile, the measuring process of the invention can be controlled remotely, does not need measuring personnel to visit the site, and is convenient to use.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of disclosure without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The device for measuring the thickness of the ice layer of the river channel on line is characterized by comprising a support column (1), a control box (2), a measuring part and a driving part (7);
the device comprises supporting columns (1), a controller and a storage battery, wherein the supporting columns (1) are vertical columns, the two supporting columns (1) are two in number, the two supporting columns (1) are identical in height, the two supporting columns (1) are aligned left and right, the upper end of the supporting column (1) on the left side is provided with a control box (2), the control box (2) is internally provided with the controller and the storage battery, the controller is connected with the storage battery through a lead, a horizontal upper connecting rod (11) and a horizontal lower connecting rod (12) are respectively arranged between the top ends and the middle part of the two supporting columns (1), the middle parts of the upper connecting rod (11) and the lower connecting rod (12) are respectively provided with a connecting ring (13), the connecting ring (13) is an annular body, and a measuring part is arranged between the connecting ring (13;
the measuring part comprises a slide bar (3), a floating plate (4), a sliding block (5) and a measuring cylinder (6), the slide bar (3) comprises a left vertical first bar body and a right vertical second bar body, the upper end of the slide bar (3) is connected with an upper connecting rod (11), the lower end of the slide bar is connected with a lower connecting rod (12), the slide bar (3) is sleeved with the floating plate (4) and the sliding block (5), the floating plate (4) is a circular plate body with apparent density smaller than that of water, the left part and the right part of the floating plate (4) are respectively provided with a first through hole corresponding to the first bar body and the second bar body of the slide bar (3), the first through hole is in sliding contact with the first bar body and the second bar body of the slide bar (3), the center of the floating plate (4) is coaxially provided with a first through hole penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface of the floating plate (4), the inner wall of the first through hole is provided with an annular first groove body which is inwards recessed towards, a plurality of first magnets (41) are uniformly distributed in the first groove body, the N pole of each first magnet (41) faces to the central axis of the floating plate (4), a sliding block (5) is sleeved on the sliding rod (3) below the floating plate (4), each sliding block (5) comprises a hemisphere and a cone which are coaxially connected, each hemisphere is a hemisphere with a convex spherical surface and a right straight surface, the tip end of each cone faces to the right and the left straight surfaces, the straight surfaces of the cones are consistent with the straight surfaces of the hemispheres in size, the straight surfaces of the cones are connected with the straight surfaces of the hemispheres in a smooth transition mode, the apparent density of each sliding block (5) is smaller than that of water, the gravity center of each sliding block (5) is located on the central axis of the floating plate (4), second through holes which vertically correspond to the first through holes are formed in the sliding blocks (5), and are in sliding contact with the first rod body and the second rod body of each sliding rod (3), a second through hole vertically corresponding to the first through hole is formed in the gravity center of the sliding block (5), a second groove body with a concave part and an opening facing the central axis of the second through hole is formed in the upper part of the inner wall of the second through hole, the inner wall of the second through hole is provided with a plurality of second magnets (51), the N poles of the second magnets (51) face the central axis of the second through hole, measuring cylinders (6) penetrate through the first through hole of the floating plate (4) and the second through hole of the sliding block (5), the measuring cylinders (6) are cylinder bodies with open upper ends, intervals are formed between the peripheral wall of each measuring cylinder (6) and the first through hole and the second through hole, the upper ends of the measuring cylinders (6) penetrate through the connecting rings (13) on the upper connecting rods (11) and are flush with the upper ends of the connecting rings (13) on the upper connecting rods (11), and the lower ends of the measuring cylinders (6) penetrate through the connecting rings (13) on the lower connecting rods (12) and are flush with the lower ends of the connecting rings (, a cover body (61) for closing an opening at the upper end of the measuring cylinder (6) is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the measuring cylinder (6), the measuring cylinder (6) is filled with alcohol, an upper suspension block (62), a lower suspension block (63), a displacement sensor (64) and a reflecting plate (65) are arranged in the alcohol, the upper suspension block (62) is a cylinder, a distance is reserved between the outer peripheral wall of the upper suspension block (62) and the inner peripheral wall of the measuring cylinder (6), the upper end of the upper suspension block (62) is flush with the upper end of the floating plate (4), a third through hole (621) which penetrates through the upper suspension block (62) from top to bottom is arranged at the center of the upper suspension block (62), a permeable hole (622) which penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper suspension block (62) is arranged on the upper suspension block (62) at the periphery of the third through hole (621), a concave hole (62) which corresponds to the inner part of the upper suspension block (62) and corresponds to the first, A third groove body with an outward opening, a plurality of third magnets (623) are uniformly distributed in the third groove body, the N poles of the plurality of third magnets (623) face to the central axis of the upper suspension block (62), the lower suspension block (63) and the upper suspension block (62) are consistent in structure and size, the lower suspension block (63) is positioned below the upper suspension block (62) and is in a state of corresponding to the upper suspension block (62) up and down, the upper end of the lower suspension block (63) is flush with the upper end of the sliding block (5), a displacement sensor (64) is screwed in a third through hole (621) of the upper suspension block (62), the detection direction of the displacement sensor (64) is vertical and downward, a lead of the displacement sensor (64) penetrates through the cover body (61) and the control box (2) to be connected with a controller, a reflector (65) is arranged at the upper end of a third through hole (621) of the lower suspension block (63), and the upper surface of the reflector (65) is flush with the upper surface of the lower suspension block (63);
the driving part (7) comprises a shell (71), a motor (72), an electromagnetic clutch (73) and a rotating shaft (74), the shell (71) is a hollow cuboid, the shell (71) is located on the front side of the lower connecting rod (12), the shell (71) is fixedly connected with the lower connecting rod (12), the motor (72) is arranged in the shell (71), an output shaft of the motor (72) is connected with an input shaft of the electromagnetic clutch (73), an output shaft of the electromagnetic clutch (73) is connected with the horizontal rotating shaft (74) which is lower than the lower connecting rod (12), one end of the rotating shaft (74) penetrates through the rear side wall of the shell (71), the other end of the rotating shaft horizontally extends out of the rear side of the lower connecting rod (12) from the lower part of the lower connecting rod (12), two wire wheels (741) are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (74), the two wire wheels (741) are respectively located on the front side and the rear side of the lower connecting rod (12), and pull wires (, the upper ends of the pull wires (742) on the two wire wheels (741) are respectively connected with the front side and the rear side of the sliding block (5).
2. The device for measuring the thickness of the ice layer of the river channel on line according to claim 1, wherein a protective net (8) is arranged between the two supporting columns (1), the protective net (8) is a net-shaped cylinder with an oval horizontal section and openings at the upper end and the lower end, the left end and the right end of the protective net (8) are respectively connected to the two supporting columns (1), the protective net (8) covers the outside of the measuring part and the driving part (7), the bottoms of the two ends of the protective net (8) are respectively and upwards provided with a groove body with a downward opening corresponding to the upper connecting rod (11) and the lower connecting rod (12), and the protective net (8) is clamped on the upper connecting rod (11) and the lower connecting rod (12) through the groove bodies.
3. The device for on-line measurement of the thickness of the ice layer of the river channel according to claim 1, wherein the motor (72) and the electromagnetic clutch (73) are connected with the controller through a lead penetrating through the shell (71) and the control box (2).
4. The device for on-line measurement of the thickness of the ice layer of the river channel according to claim 1, wherein a wireless signal transmitting device is arranged on the control box (2), and the wireless signal transmitting device is connected with a controller.
5. The device for on-line measurement of the thickness of the ice layer of the river channel according to claim 1, wherein the wires of the displacement sensor (64) are externally wrapped with a shielding net (9).
6. The device for on-line measurement of the thickness of the ice layer of the riverway according to claim 1, wherein the apparent density of the upper suspension block (62) and the apparent density of the lower suspension block (63) are consistent with the alcohol density.
7. The device for on-line measurement of the thickness of the ice layer of the river channel according to claim 1, wherein the displacement sensor (64) is positioned inside the measuring cylinder (6) and has a wire length greater than or equal to the height of the measuring cylinder (6), and the wire is coiled inside the measuring cylinder (6).
8. The device for on-line measurement of the thickness of the ice layer of the river channel according to claim 1, wherein the front and back sides of the connecting ring (13) on the lower connecting rod (12) are respectively provided with a positioning ring (131) which is arranged above the two pulleys (741), the positioning ring (131) is a ring-shaped body, the positioning ring (131) is connected with the connecting ring (13) on the lower connecting rod (12), and the positioning ring (131) is sleeved outside the pull wire (742).
9. The device for on-line measurement of the thickness of the ice layer of the riverway according to claim 1, wherein when the floating plate (4) is placed on the water surface, the lower end of the displacement sensor (64) is level with the water surface.
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