CN109883479A - A kind of fixed point suspension type ice thickness, water level integration continuous monitoring device - Google Patents
A kind of fixed point suspension type ice thickness, water level integration continuous monitoring device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ice thickness, water level integration continuous monitoring device, belong to hydrologic monitoring technical field.Monitoring device of the invention is made of arrester, wind power generation plant, triangle head tower, device of solar generating, installation pedestal, energy-storage battery, swivelling arm, Air Coupling radar sensor (including transmitter, receiver etc.) and integrated control cabinet (including wind/light complementation controller, long-haul telemetry switch, GPS module, 4G digital transmission module) etc..Installation connection is completed, remote computer opens each control module by GSM, relevant parameter is sent to radar sensor by 4G module, while the radar map with GPS time mark is received based on 4G module, according to the radar wave of radar map record two-way time in airWith the two-way time t in ice sheet, radar is calculated automatically using formula (three) (four) to ice sheet upper surface distance h and ice sheet thickness h, calculates ice sheet upper surface or table elevation H automatically using formula (five) (six)1With ice sheet lower surface elevation H2。
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrological monitoring in the water conservancy industry, and particularly relates to an ice thickness and water level integrated remote continuous monitoring device.
Background
The ice thickness refers to the vertical distance from the upper surface of the ice layer to the lower surface of the ice layer after the ice cover is formed by freezing the river channel in winter. In northern areas of China, rivers and lakes are easy to freeze to form ice covers, such as black dragon river, Songhua river, Huanghening Mongolian river and the like.
Ice thickness monitoring is typically accomplished with the aid of ice drills and ice rulers, monitoring average ice thickness and maximum ice thickness (in centimeters), particularly at particular terrain and locations, such as at hydrological test sections, at curves in river channels, at structures involved in rivers, and the like. The biggest defect of using the technology to monitor the ice thickness is that manual ice hole drilling measurement is needed, time and labor are wasted, the automation degree is low, continuous monitoring cannot be realized, and the safety of personnel is threatened, particularly the ice thickness monitoring at the thin part of the ice cover and the unstable ice cover formed by the ice plug.
The existing technology for monitoring the ice thickness by a thermal resistance method is an automatic monitoring technology for monitoring the temperature gradient of the ice layer by using a temperature sensor to estimate the thickness of the ice layer, the technology needs to embed the temperature sensor in advance, the labor intensity is high, the ice thickness in the ice cover period can only be monitored stably, the whole period of the ice thickness elimination and the integrated continuous monitoring of the water level of the ice thickness are not facilitated, and the continuous monitoring of the ice thickness in the same place for many years is also not facilitated.
The existing water level monitoring technology mostly adopts a water gauge or a 26GHz radar water level gauge, and the technology can only monitor the water level change process remotely), can only monitor the height change of the upper surface of an ice layer in the ice flood season, can not monitor the ice cover life and consumption change process and the water level change process under ice, and is not beneficial to the hydrological multi-factor full-period uninterrupted continuous monitoring of northern river channels and lakes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fixed-point suspension type ice thickness and water level integrated continuous monitoring device, which can be used for monitoring the change process of ice surface elevation, ice water level and ice layer thickness in an ice period and monitoring the change process of free water level in a non-ice period, solves the problem of difficulty in integrated monitoring of ice thickness and water level of northern rivers, lakes and channels, realizes full-period real-time monitoring of ice thickness and water level change in a fixed-point position, and provides a new mode and a new technology for hydrological monitoring in the ice period and the non-ice period.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
The utility model provides a fixed point suspension type ice thickness and water level integration continuous monitoring device, mainly contains arrester (1), wind power generation set (2), triangle steel tower (3), solar power generation set (4), mounting base (5), energy storage battery (6), jib (7), air coupling radar sensor (8) (hereinafter "radar"), integrated control box (9) etc. wherein.
And a wind-solar complementary controller (10), a remote telemetering switch controller (11), a GPS module (12), a 4G data transmission module (13) and the like are installed in the integrated control box (9).
The installation and connection of the components can refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2.
The lightning arrester (1) can be a BLZ-800 type lightning arrester, and the installation height of a ball in the lightning arrester is higher than the highest position of a fan blade of the wind power generation device (2) by more than 0.2 m.
The wind power generation device (2) adopts the formula (I) to calculate the selected output power:
formula (I)
In the formula: p is the output power (w); t is tiAverage days of the i-level wind month (d) in the installation area; w is aiThe power (w) corresponding to i-level wind of the installation area is obtained.
The power of the solar panel of which type is selected from the solar power generation device can be obtained by adopting the following formula (II):
formula 2
Wherein W is the power (W) of the battery plate, A is the average daily power consumption (W/h) of the whole set of devices, C is the capacity coefficient, h is the average local daily sunshine time (h), η1Into a groupLoading loss factor η2η is a temperature loss factor3η as a dust shadowing loss factor4η is a charge-discharge loss factor5Is a power transmission and distribution loss factor.
The mounting base (5) is of a masonry structure, and the part buried below the ground is not less than 1 m.
The energy storage battery (6) adopts a low temperature resistant silicon energy battery and is arranged in the centralized control box (9) or is buried below 1m of the ground in the base.
The air coupling radar sensor (8) mainly comprises a radar controller (14), a transmitter (15), a receiver (16), a transmitting antenna, a receiving wire, a power supply interface, a data interface and the like.
The working mode of detecting the ice thickness of the air coupling radar sensor (8) is shown in the attached drawing 3, a remote computer sends related parameters (radar wave air propagation speed, ice dielectric constant, sampling point number, sampling frequency, accumulation times, acquisition interval time and the like) to a radar controller through a 4G data transmission module (13), the remote computer automatically calculates the distance from the center of the bottom of the radar (8) to the upper surface of an ice cover in an ice period or the free water surface in a non-ice period, then calculates the thickness of the ice cover, and converts the data into corresponding elevations respectively based on the elevations around a river channel.
The automatically calculated distance from the radar to the upper surface of the ice cover, ice thickness data and a corresponding radar map are transmitted back to a remote computer through a 4G data transmission module (13).
The radar controller (14) in the air coupling radar sensor (8) can realize the functions of data interface communication, generation of a trigger signal of a transmitter, generation of a step sampling clock of a receiver, analog-to-digital conversion of an output signal of the receiver and the like, and the internal working time sequence is shown in figure 4.
The transmitter (15) in the air coupling radar sensor (8) selects an avalanche transistor and an SRD (step recovery diode) device to form a pulse source circuit, the pulse width and the pulse repetition period of the pulse source circuit are easy to control, the size is small, and the pulse source circuit is suitable for being hung nearby a river channel at a fixed point.
A receiver (16) in the air coupling radar sensor (8) performs frequency reduction processing on signals by adopting an equivalent sampling technology, and echo signals after frequency reduction are audio signals, so that the conversion rate of the A/D converter is improved, and the cost is reduced.
The transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in the air coupling radar sensor (8) adopt a Bow-tie antenna or a UWB antenna with a deformation structure thereof to realize the ultra-wideband characteristic, and the antenna has the advantages of simple structure and small volume and is suitable for being hung near a river channel.
And the air coupling radar sensor (8) is fixed at the tail end of the rotating arm (7) by adopting 3U-shaped bolts.
The integrated control box (9) mainly comprises a wind-solar complementary controller (10), a remote telemetering switch (11), a GPS module (12) and a 4G data transmission module (13), and the positions of all modules in the integrated control box are arranged and connected in the mode shown in the attached figure 2.
The wind-solar hybrid controller (10) is an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller, the controller can track the highest voltage and current values, the work of a solar cell panel, a storage battery and a load can be effectively coordinated, and the charging efficiency can reach 95%. The working mode is that the electric energy of the wind power generation device (2) and the solar power generation device (4) is transmitted into the remote telemetering switch (11) through the wind-solar complementary controller (10) or is stored in the energy storage battery (6), and meanwhile, the electric energy stored by the energy storage battery (6) can be transmitted into the remote telemetering switch (11) through the wind-solar complementary controller (10) in the absence of light and wind.
The remote telemetering switch (11) can select an ST248-TAS type controller, and the working mode is that a GSM antenna receives a mobile phone or computer remote transmission control signal to control the start of the radar (8), the GPS module (12) and the 4G data transmission module (13).
The GPS module (12) can be selected from a GPS15xL model, is used for providing Pulse Per Second (PPS) and time information for the radar (8), can perform timing according to the PPS and can control the acquisition interval time of the data of the radar (8). In addition, time information provided by the GPS is also recorded in the returned data of the radar (8), and the radar return data is time-stamped, so that the radar data can be backtracked according to time.
4G module (13) optional MZ382 model, its effect is realized radar (8) and remote computer between long-range wireless communication, establishes data link, and the radar data of gathering is passed back to remote computer in real time, and this model 4G module has the WIFI function simultaneously, can pass through the WIFI functional connection radar on the scene, tests radar data collection quality.
The ice cover thickness detection method has the technical advantages of being convenient to install, long in service cycle, capable of automatically and continuously monitoring all the year round, capable of monitoring the thickness of the ice cover in a non-contact mode, capable of detecting the thickness of the ice cover within a range 15m from the upper surface of the ice cover without contacting the surface of the ice cover, capable of detecting the process of ice cover digestion and change, capable of detecting the distance from the upper surface of the ice cover to the radar, capable of monitoring the up-and-down floating of the ice cover, providing data for early warning of river opening of an ice river channel, capable of monitoring the change process of the water level under ice in a non-ice flood period, capable of achieving in-situ full-cycle dynamic monitoring of ice cover digestion and the water level in the ice flood period and the non-ice flood period, and providing a new mode and technology for hydrological remote monitoring and observation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of each component in the device.
The arrangement and the connection mode of the internal components of the integrated control box are shown in the figure 2.
Figure 3 is a diagram of the operation of an air-coupled radar.
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of the internal operation of the radar controller.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an equivalent sampling receiver.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the construction of the swivel arm.
The device comprises a lightning arrester (1), a wind power generation device (2), a triangular steel tower (3), a solar power generation device (4), a base (5), an energy storage battery (6), a rotating arm (7), an air coupling radar sensor (8), a centralized control box (9), a wind-solar complementary controller (10), a remote telemetering switch (11), a GPS module (12), a 4G digital transmission module (13), a radar controller (14), a transmitter (15), a receiver (16), an ice hole (17), an ice river cover (18), an upward pull wire nut (19), a small-caliber cantilever steel pipe (20), a long screw (21), a large-caliber cantilever steel pipe (22), a sleeve (23), a blocking ring (24), a downward pull wire nut (25) and a top pull wire nut (26).
Detailed Description
The following describes the practice of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying figures 1-5.
The invention discloses an ice thickness and water level integrated monitoring device, which comprises the following implementation steps of: prefabricating each component of the device, purchasing equipment, installing each component of the device on site, testing the application and calibrating the punching.
The method comprises the following steps: the components of the device are prefabricated or selected.
The invention discloses an ice thickness and water level integrated remote monitoring device manufactured by adopting a module prefabrication and model selection mode, which comprises: nine components of a lightning arrester (1), a wind power generation device (2), a triangular steel tower (3), a solar power generation device (4), a mounting base (5), an energy storage battery (6), a rotating arm (7), an air coupling radar sensor (8) (hereinafter referred to as a radar) and an integrated control box (9).
a) The lightning arrester (1) is prefabricated or purchased, the total length of the prefabricated or purchased lightning arrester is 20cm-40cm, the lightning arrester is spherical, the diameter of the lightning arrester is 10cm, the lightning arrester is provided with three short lightning rods and one long lightning rod, a triangular base is convenient to install on the top of the triangular steel tower (3), and the installation height of the lightning arrester is higher than the highest position of fan blades of the wind power generation device (2) by more than 0.2 m.
b) The wind turbine which needs the wind power generation device (2) and the output power can be calculated by adopting the formula (I).
c) Prefabricated triangle steel tower (3), the triangle steel tower comprises three steel pipes and bracing piece, steel pipe diameter 50mm, horizontal bracing piece adopts the twisted steel, diameter 18mm-25mm, horizontal bracing piece interval is not more than 20cm, set up horizontal bracing piece in the 2m within range of triangle steel tower one end, this side buries in the base, three steel pipes constitute equilateral triangle, length of a side is 50cm-60cm, the triangle steel tower top leans on lower position 1m department, weld a top nut (26) of acting as go-between, reserve the hole of installing wind power generation set (2), solar power system (4) and integrated control box (9).
d) The solar power generation device (4) is purchased, and the required power can be calculated by adopting a formula (II) to purchase the size of the solar cell panel.
e) The selective purchasing of the energy storage battery (6) selects the low-temperature-resistant silicon energy battery, can be buried in the base for 1m below the ground, and can also be installed in the integrated control box (9) to take heat preservation protection measures.
f) Prefabricated spiral arm (7), the appearance is similar horizontal T type, long arm has a diameter 45mm circular steel pipe (20) respectively and one to be diameter 50mm circular steel pipe (22) nested constitution, length is 15m respectively, two steel pipes of junction make an 8mm hole every 5cm, according to the adjustable cantilever length of on-the-spot needs, adopt 6mm screw thread long screw (21) to penetrate and carry out length adjustment in the hole, the one end welding sleeve pipe (23) of spiral arm, diameter 55mm, length 15cm, mainly used is on going into the triangle-shaped steel tower with the arm of circling round, play 180 degrees rotatory effects, in addition respectively weld diameter 5mm in the one end of steel pipe (20) and steel pipe (22) upper and lower stay wire nut (19) and lower stay wire nut (25) in both sides about the one end.
Step two: the components of the device are installed on site.
a) The components in the integrated control box (9) are installed and connected, a wind-solar complementary controller (10), a remote telemetering switch (11), a GPS module (12) and a 4G data transmission module (13) are respectively installed according to the connection mode shown in figure 2, and sufficient wiring for connecting with external equipment is reserved.
b) The lightning arrester (1), the wind power generation device (2), the solar power generation device (4), the integrated control box (9) and the rotary arm (7) are arranged on the triangular steel tower (3) depending on the positions shown in the figure 1, wherein one end of the rotary arm with a sleeve (23) is sleeved in one steel pipe of the triangular steel tower, a hysteresis ring (24) is welded on the steel pipe of the triangular steel tower at the lower side of the sleeve to prevent the rotary arm from falling down, and all components are connected to the integrated control box (9) through a connecting line shown in the figure 2.
c) The method comprises the steps of manufacturing a grouted stone base (5), wherein the length, width and height of the grouted stone base are 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, the grouted stone base is buried in the part 1m below the ground, the selected position is required to ensure that the distance between a rotary arm and the lowest water level is not more than 15m, directly burying an assembled triangular steel tower into the grouted stone base in advance in the manufacturing process, simultaneously reserving a hole capable of containing an energy storage battery (6) at one side of the grouted stone base, burying a precast pile with the length, width and height of 0.3m multiplied by 1.5m in each 2.5m of the left side and the right side of the base (5), and burying the precast pile below 1m of.
d) The nut (19) is connected with the nut (26) by a steel wire pull wire, and each nut of the nut (25) is connected with 2 pull wires.
e) After the triangular steel tower is fixed, the rotary arm is pulled to one side of the ground, then the air coupling radar sensor (8) is fixed to the end, far away from the ground, of the rotary arm through 3U-shaped screws, and meanwhile the air coupling radar sensor is connected to the centralized control box (9).
Step three: test and punch calibration are applied.
a) Checking whether the connection of each connecting line is correct, and if so, electrifying to check whether each component operates normally.
b) A small plumb bob is tied at the central position of the radar (8), the length of the plumb bob can enable the plumb bob to reach the upper surface of the ice cover, the rotating arm rotates to the position above the ice cover (18) in the river channel, and the remote computer sends related parameters (the relative dielectric constant epsilon of the conventional ice) to the radar controller through the 4G data transmission module (13)1Sampling point number, sampling frequency, accumulation times, acquisition interval time and the like), the radar map is transmitted back to a remote computer, the distance H between the radar and the upper surface of the ice cover and the thickness H of the ice cover are calculated by the computer by using a formula (three) and a formula (four) according to the time t of the radar wave recorded by the radar map in the air and the time t of the radar wave in the ice cover, and the bottom elevation H of the radar (8) is determined according to the adjacent elevation datum points0Then, the elevation H of the upper surface or the free water surface of the ice cover is calculated by using the formulas (five) and (six)1And ice cover lower surface elevation H2;
Formula (iii):
formula (iv):
formula (v):
formula (iii):
in the formula: h is the distance (cm) from the radar to the upper surface of the ice cover; t is t1Two-way time (ns) for the radar wave to propagate in air; Δ h is ice cover thickness (cm); c isThe propagation speed (cm/ns) of radar waves in air; ε is the relative dielectric constant of ice; delta is the two-pass time (ns) of the radar wave in the ice cover; h0Is the radar (8) top elevation (m); h1Is the ice cover upper surface elevation or free water surface elevation (m); h2Is the ice cover lower surface elevation (m).
c) And measuring the distance h from the radar to the upper surface of the ice cover by using the plumb bob, comparing the distance h with radar data, and correcting the propagation speed C of the radar wave in the air in time according to a comparison result.
d) Punching calibration, namely punching ice holes (17) with the diameter of 15cm respectively under and on two sides of an air coupling radar (8) by using an ice drilling machine, measuring the thickness of ice covers of the three ice holes by using an ice ruler, averaging, and reversely deducing the relative dielectric constant epsilon of ice at a monitoring point by using a formula (IV) according to the actually measured thickness of the ice covers2Replacement of epsilon1。
e) After all the equipment and data are normal, the stay wires of the connecting nuts (25) are fixed on the precast piles embedded at the two sides of the base (5).
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a fixed point suspension type ice thickness, water level integration continuous monitoring device which characterized in that, includes arrester (1), wind power generation set (2), triangle steel tower (3), solar power system (4), mounting base (5), energy storage battery (6), swivel arm (7), air coupling radar sensor (8) (hereinafter for short "radar") and integrated control box (9): wherein,
the lightning arrester (1) can be a BLZ-800 type lightning arrester, and the installation height of a ball in the lightning arrester is higher than the highest position of a fan blade of the wind power generation device (2) by more than 0.2 m;
the triangular steel tower (3) is composed of three steel pipes and transverse supporting rods, the three steel pipes form an equilateral triangle, the diameter of each steel pipe is 50mm, the transverse supporting rods are made of twisted steel bars, the distance between every two adjacent transverse supporting rods is not more than 20cm, and the triangular steel tower is buried in the base;
the mounting base (5) is of a masonry structure, and the part buried below the ground is not less than 1 m;
the energy storage battery (6) is a low-temperature-resistant silicon battery and is arranged in the centralized control box (9) or is buried below 1m of the ground in the base;
the rotary arm (7) is composed of two steel pipes with different sizes, the diameters of the two steel pipes are 45mm and 50mm respectively, each steel pipe is 15m, the two steel pipes are connected in a nesting mode, holes with the diameter of 8mm are drilled in the positions of the connection positions of the two steel pipes every 5cm, then the two steel pipes are fixed through long screws (21) with the diameter of 6mm, one end of the rotary arm is welded with a sleeve (23) perpendicular to a cross rod of the rotary arm, the diameter of the sleeve is 55m, the length of the sleeve is 15cm, after the rotary arm sleeve (23) is sleeved into one steel pipe of the triangular steel tower, a blocking ring (24) is welded on the triangular steel tower steel pipe at the.
2. The air-coupled radar sensor (8) according to claim 1, characterized by mainly comprising a radar controller (14), a transmitter (15), a receiver (16), a transmitting antenna, a receiving wire, a power supply interface, a data interface, etc.;
the working mode of detecting the ice thickness of the air coupling radar sensor (8) is shown in an attached figure 3, a remote computer sends related parameters (radar wave air propagation speed, ice dielectric constant, sampling point number, sampling frequency, accumulation times, acquisition interval time and the like) to a radar controller through a 4G data transmission module (13), the remote computer automatically calculates the distance from the center of the bottom of the radar (8) to the upper surface of an ice cover in an ice period or a non-ice free water surface in the ice period, then calculates the thickness of the ice cover, and converts corresponding data into corresponding elevations respectively based on the elevations of the periphery of a river channel;
the radar controller (14) in the air coupling radar sensor (8) realizes the functions of data interface communication, transmitter trigger signal, receiver stepping sampling clock, receiver output signal analog-to-digital conversion and the like, and the internal working time sequence is shown in figure 4;
a transmitter (15) in the air coupling radar sensor (8) selects an avalanche transistor and an SRD device to form a pulse source circuit, the pulse width and the pulse repetition period of the pulse source circuit are easy to control, the size is small, and the pulse source circuit is suitable for being hung nearby a river channel at a fixed point;
a receiver (16) in the air coupling radar sensor (8) adopts an equivalent sampling technology to carry out frequency reduction processing technology on signals, and echo signals after frequency reduction are audio signals, so that the conversion rate of an A/D converter is improved, and the cost is reduced;
the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in the air coupling radar sensor (8) adopt a Bow-tie antenna or a UWB antenna with a deformed structure thereof to realize the ultra-wideband characteristic, and the antenna has a simple structure and a small volume and is suitable for being hung near a river channel;
the air coupling radar sensor (8) is fixed in the range of 1m at the tail end of the rotating arm (7) by adopting 3U-shaped bolts.
3. The integrated control box (9) according to claim 1, characterized by mainly comprising a wind-solar hybrid controller (10), a remote telemetering switch (11), a GPS module (12) and a 4G data transmission module (13), wherein the positions of the modules in the integrated control box are arranged and connected in the manner shown in figure 2;
the wind-solar hybrid controller (10) selects an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller, the controller can track the highest voltage and current values, the work of a solar cell panel, a storage battery and a load can be effectively coordinated, and the charging efficiency can reach 95%;
the wind-solar hybrid controller (10) works in a mode that electric energy of the wind power generation device (2) and the solar power generation device (4) is transmitted into the remote telemetering switch (11) or stored in the energy storage battery (6) through the wind-solar hybrid controller (10), and meanwhile, the electric energy stored in the energy storage battery (6) can be transmitted into the remote telemetering switch (11) through the wind-solar hybrid controller (10) when no wind exists;
the remote telemetering switch (11) can select an ST248-TAS type controller, and the working mode is that a GSM antenna receives a mobile phone or computer remote transmission control signal to control the start of a radar (8), a GPS module (12) and a 4G data transmission module (13);
the GPS module (12) can be a GPS15xL model, is used for providing Pulse Per Second (PPS) and time information for the radar (8), can perform timing according to the PPS and can control the acquisition interval time of the data of the radar (8);
in addition, the time information provided by the GPS is also recorded in the returned data of the radar (8), and a time label is marked on the radar echo data, so that the radar data can be backtracked according to the time;
the 4G data transmission module (13) can select MZ382 model, and the effect is realized the long-range wireless communication between radar (8) and the remote computer, establishes data link, and the real-time passback of radar map data of gathering reaches the remote computer, and this model 4G module has the WIFI function simultaneously, can pass through WIFI function connection radar (8) on the scene, tests radar data acquisition quality.
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| CN110146551A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-08-20 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant emergency caliberating device and method |
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| CN114485578A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-05-13 | 青岛黄海学院 | Marine ecology monitoring device and working method thereof |
| CN114925424A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-19 | 浙江博宏工程管理咨询有限公司 | Engineering cost progress management control method and system |
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