CN109883479A - A fixed-point suspended ice thickness and water level integrated continuous monitoring device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of ice thickness, water level integration continuous monitoring device, belong to hydrologic monitoring technical field.Monitoring device of the invention is made of arrester, wind power generation plant, triangle head tower, device of solar generating, installation pedestal, energy-storage battery, swivelling arm, Air Coupling radar sensor (including transmitter, receiver etc.) and integrated control cabinet (including wind/light complementation controller, long-haul telemetry switch, GPS module, 4G digital transmission module) etc..Installation connection is completed, remote computer opens each control module by GSM, relevant parameter is sent to radar sensor by 4G module, while the radar map with GPS time mark is received based on 4G module, according to the radar wave of radar map record two-way time in airWith the two-way time t in ice sheet, radar is calculated automatically using formula (three) (four) to ice sheet upper surface distance h and ice sheet thickness h, calculates ice sheet upper surface or table elevation H automatically using formula (five) (six)₁With ice sheet lower surface elevation H₂。

Description

A fixed-point suspended ice thickness and water level integrated continuous monitoring device

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrological monitoring in the water conservancy industry, in particular to an integrated remote continuous monitoring device for ice thickness and water level.

Background technique

Ice thickness refers to the vertical distance from the upper surface of the ice layer to the lower surface of the ice layer after the river freezes to form an ice sheet in winter. In winter, rivers and lakes in northern my country are easy to freeze to form ice sheets, such as the Heilongjiang River, the Songhua River, and the Ningmeng River of the Yellow River.

Ice thickness monitoring is generally done with the help of ice drills and ice rulers, monitoring the average ice thickness and the maximum ice thickness (in centimeters), especially the ice thickness at special terrain and locations, such as hydrological test sections, river bends Offices, river-related buildings, etc. The biggest disadvantage of using this technology to monitor ice thickness is that it requires manual drilling of ice holes for measurement, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, has a low degree of automation, cannot be continuously monitored, and threatens the safety of personnel, especially in areas with thin ice sheets and unstable ice sheets formed by ice plugs. ice thickness monitoring.

The existing thermal resistance method for monitoring ice thickness is an automatic monitoring technology that uses a temperature sensor to monitor the temperature gradient of the ice layer to estimate the thickness of the ice layer. This technology needs to bury the temperature sensor in advance, which is labor-intensive and can only monitor the stable ice sheet. It is not conducive to the integrated continuous monitoring of the full cycle of ice thickness generation and dissipation and the ice thickness and water level, and it is not conducive to the continuous monitoring of ice thickness at the same location for many years.

The existing water level monitoring technologies mostly use water gauges or 26GHz radar water level gauges, which can only remotely monitor the water level change process), and can only monitor the elevation change of the upper surface of the ice during the flood season, but cannot monitor the ice sheet. As well as the change process of the subglacial water level, it is not conducive to the continuous continuous monitoring of the whole cycle of the multi-element hydrology of northern rivers and lakes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fixed-point hanging type integrated continuous monitoring device for ice thickness and water level. The application of the device can not only monitor the change process of ice surface elevation, sub-glacial water level and ice thickness during glacial period, but also monitor the change process of ice layer thickness during non-glacial period. The change process of free water surface solves the difficult problem of integrated monitoring of ice thickness and water level in northern rivers, lakes, and channels, realizes real-time monitoring of ice thickness and water level changes at fixed locations throughout the cycle, and provides new models and new models for glacial and non-glacial hydrological monitoring. technology.

The technical solution of the present invention is as follows.

A fixed-point suspension type integrated continuous monitoring device for ice thickness and water level, mainly comprising a lightning arrester (1), a wind power generation device (2), a triangular steel tower (3), a solar power generation device (4), an installation base (5), Energy storage battery (6), swing arm (7), air-coupled radar sensor (8) (hereinafter referred to as "radar"), integrated control box (9), etc., among them.

The integrated control box (9) is provided with a wind-solar hybrid controller (10), a remote telemetry switch controller (11), a GPS module (12), a 4G data transmission module (13), and the like.

The installation and connection methods of the various components can be referred to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 .

The lightning arrester (1) can be selected from the BLZ-800 type lightning arrester, and the installation height of the ball in the lightning arrester should be more than 0.2m higher than the highest position of the fan blade of the wind power generator (2).

The output power selected by the wind power generation device (2) is calculated by formula (1):

Formula (1)

In the formula: P is the output power (w); t _i is the monthly average number of days (d) for the i-class wind in the installation area; _wi is the power corresponding to the i-class wind in the installation area (w).

(4) Which type of panel power is used in the solar power generation device can be calculated by the following formula (2):

Formula (2)

Among them: W is the power of the battery panel (w); A is the average daily power consumption of the complete set of devices (w/h); C is the capacity coefficient; h is the local average daily sunshine time (h); η ₁ is the assembly loss factor; η ₂ is the temperature loss factor; η ₃ is the dust shielding loss factor; η ₄ is the charge-discharge loss factor; η ₅ is the transmission and distribution loss factor.

The installation base (5) adopts a mortar masonry structure and is buried at least 1m below the ground.

The energy storage battery (6) adopts a low temperature-resistant silicon energy battery, which is placed in the centralized control box (9) or buried in the base within 1 m below the ground.

The air-coupled radar sensor (8) mainly includes a radar controller (14), a transmitter (15), a receiver (16), a transmitting antenna, a receiving wire, a power supply interface, a data interface, and the like.

The working method of the air-coupled radar sensor (8) for detecting ice thickness is shown in Figure 3, and the remote computer sends relevant parameters (radar wave air propagation speed, ice dielectric constant, sampling rate) to the radar controller through the 4G data transmission module (13). Points, sampling frequency, accumulation times, acquisition interval, etc.), the remote computer automatically calculates the distance from the bottom center of the radar (8) to the upper surface of the glacial ice sheet or the free water surface of the non-glacial period, and then calculates the thickness of the ice sheet. Based on the level elevation around the river, Convert its data into corresponding elevations respectively.

The automatically calculated distance from the radar to the upper surface of the ice sheet, ice thickness data and the corresponding radar map are sent back to the remote computer through the 4G data transmission module (13).

In the air-coupled radar sensor (8) the radar controller (14) will realize the functions of data interface communication, generating transmitter trigger signal, generating receiver step sampling clock, receiver output signal analog-to-digital conversion and other functions. See Figure 4.

The transmitter (15) in the air-coupled radar sensor (8) will use avalanche triodes and SRD (step recovery diode) devices to form a pulse source circuit, whose pulse width and pulse repetition period are easy to control, and are small in size, suitable for Fixed point hanging near the river.

The receiver (16) in the air-coupled radar sensor (8) will use the equivalent sampling technology to down-convert the signal, and the down-converted echo signal is an audio signal, thereby increasing the conversion rate of the A/D converter, cut costs.

The transmitting and receiving antennas in the air-coupled radar sensor (8) will use Bow-tie antennas or UWB antennas with modified structures to achieve ultra-wideband characteristics.

The air-coupled radar sensor (8) is fixed on the end of the swing arm (7) by three U-bolts.

The integrated control box (9) mainly includes a wind-solar hybrid controller (10), a remote telemetry switch (11), a GPS module (12), and a 4G data transmission module (13). The connection method is shown in Figure 2.

The wind-solar hybrid controller (10) selects an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller, which can track the highest voltage and current value, can effectively coordinate the work of solar panels, batteries, and loads, and the charging efficiency can reach 95% . Its working mode is that the electric energy of the wind power generation device (2) and the solar power generation device (4) is transmitted into the remote telemetry switch (11) through the wind-solar hybrid controller (10) or stored in the energy storage battery (6), and the energy storage battery (6) The stored electric energy can be transmitted into the remote telemetry switch (11) through the wind-solar hybrid controller (10) when there is no light and no wind.

The remote telemetry switch (11) can be selected as an ST248-TAS type controller, and its working mode is to receive a mobile phone or a computer to remotely transmit control signals through a GSM antenna to control the radar (8), the GPS module (12), and the 4G data transmission module. (13) ON.

The GPS module (12) can be selected as GPS15xL, and its function is to provide the radar (8) with a pulse-per-second signal (PPS) and time information, which can be timed according to the PPS signal, and can also control the data collection interval of the radar (8). In addition, the time information provided by the GPS will also be recorded in the return data of the radar (8), and the radar return data will be time-labeled, so that the radar data can be backtracked according to time.

The 4G module (13) can be selected from the MZ382 model, and its function is to realize long-distance wireless communication between the radar (8) and the remote computer, establish a data link, and transmit the collected radar data to the remote computer in real time. The module also has WIFI function, which can be connected to the radar on site through the WIFI function to test the quality of radar data collection.

The technical advantages of this invention lie in its convenient installation, long service cycle, automatic continuous monitoring throughout the year, non-contact monitoring of ice sheet thickness, and reduction of the risk of personnel monitoring on ice. By touching the surface of the ice sheet, the thickness of the ice sheet can be detected within 15m from the upper surface of the ice sheet. In addition, it can monitor the change process of the subglacial water level in the non-flood season, which can realize the in-situ full-cycle dynamic monitoring of the ice sheet generation and disappearance and the water level in the flood season and non-flood season. , to provide new models and technologies for remote monitoring and observation of hydrology.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of each component in the inventive device.

Figure 2 Layout and connection mode of the internal components of the integrated control box.

Figure 3 shows the working mode of the air-coupled radar.

Figure 4 is a block diagram of the internal working sequence of the radar controller.

Figure 5 is a block diagram of an equivalent sampling receiver.

Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the swing arm.

In the figure, (1) is a lightning arrester, (2) is a wind power generation device, (3) is a triangular steel tower, (4) is a solar power generation device, (5) is a base, (6) is an energy storage battery, and (7) (8) is the air-coupled radar sensor, (9) is the centralized control box, (10) is the wind-solar hybrid controller, (11) is the remote telemetry switch, (12) is the GPS module, and (13) is the 4G data transmission module, (14) is the radar controller, (15) is the transmitter, (16) is the receiver, (17) is the ice hole, (18) is the river ice cover, (19) is the pull-up wire nut, (20) ) is a small diameter cantilever steel pipe, (21) is a long screw, (22) is a large diameter cantilever steel pipe, (23) is a casing, (24) is a blocking ring, (25) is a pull-down wire nut, and (26) top Pull nut.

Detailed ways

The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-5.

The ice thickness and water level integrated monitoring device of the present invention, in specific application, the implementation steps include: prefabrication of the device components and equipment selection, on-site installation of the components of the device, application testing and drilling calibration.

Step 1: The components of the device are prefabricated or selected.

The integrated remote monitoring device for ice thickness and water level of the present invention is made by prefabricating and selecting components. The device includes: a lightning arrester (1), a wind power generation device (2), a triangular steel tower (3), and a solar power generation device (4) , installation base (5), energy storage battery (6), swing arm (7), air-coupled radar sensor (8) (hereinafter referred to as "radar"), and integrated control box (9) nine components.

a) Prefabricated or optional arrester (1), the total length of the prefabricated or optional arrester is 20cm-40cm, spherical, 10cm in diameter, with three short and one long lightning rods, triangular base, easy to install on the top of the triangular steel tower (3) , the installation height should be more than 0.2m above the highest position of the fan blade of the wind power generation device (2).

b) When purchasing a wind power generation device (2), which output power wind turbine is required, it can be calculated by formula (1).

c) Prefabricated triangular steel tower (3), the triangular steel tower is composed of three steel pipes and support rods, the diameter of the steel pipes is 50mm, the transverse support rods are threaded steel bars, the diameter is 18mm-25mm, the spacing between the transverse support rods is not more than 20cm, the triangular steel tower There is no lateral support rod within 2m of one end, and this side is buried in the base. Three steel pipes form an equilateral triangle with side lengths of 50cm-60cm. Weld a top wire nut (26) at 1m below the top of the triangular steel tower. , and reserve the holes for installing the wind power generation device (2), the solar power generation device (4) and the integrated control box (9).

d) When purchasing a solar power generation device (4), formula (2) can be used to calculate the required power to purchase the size of the solar panel.

e) Purchase energy storage batteries (6), and use low temperature resistant silicon energy batteries, which can be buried 1m below the ground in the base, or can be installed in the integrated control box (9) for thermal protection measures.

f) The prefabricated swing arm (7) is similar in shape to a horizontal T shape. The long arms are respectively composed of a round steel pipe (20) with a diameter of 45mm and a round steel pipe (22) with a diameter of 50mm. The lengths are 15m respectively. The steel pipe is punched with 8mm holes every 5cm. The length of the cantilever can be adjusted according to the needs of the site. A 6mm long screw (21) is used to penetrate the hole for length adjustment. It is mainly used to sleeve the swing arm on the triangular steel tower, which can rotate 180 degrees. In addition, a 5mm diameter pull-up wire nut (19) and a pull-down wire nut (19) with a diameter of 5mm are welded on the upper and lower sides of one end of the steel pipe (20) and the steel pipe (22). Wire Nut (25).

Step 2: The components of the device are installed on site.

a) The components in the integrated control box (9) are installed and connected, and the wind-solar hybrid controller (10), the remote telemetry switch (11), the GPS module (12), and the 4G data transmission module ( 13), and leave enough wiring for connecting with external devices.

b) Install the arrester (1), the wind power generation device (2), the solar power generation device (4), the integrated control box (9) and the swing arm (7) on the triangular steel tower (3) according to the position shown in Figure 1, One end of the swing arm with the casing (23) is sleeved into a steel pipe of the triangular steel tower, and a block ring (24) is welded on the steel pipe of the triangular steel tower on the lower side of the casing to prevent the swing arm from falling. The connection shown in Figure 2 is connected to the centralized control box (9).

c) Make a masonry base (5) with a length, width and height of 1.5m x 1.5m x 2.5m, of which the part is buried 1m below the ground. The assembled triangular steel tower is pre-buried in the masonry base, and at the same time, a hole for placing the energy storage battery (6) is left on one side of the masonry base, and the left and right sides of the base (5) are 2.5m each. A prefabricated pile with a length, width and height of 0.3m × 0.3m × 1.5m is embedded in each, and buried below 1m on the ground to fix the swing arm cable.

d) Connect the nut (19) and the nut (26) with a steel wire, and connect two more wires to each nut of the nut (25).

e) After the triangular steel tower is fixed, pull the swing arm to the ground side, then fix the air-coupled radar sensor (8) to the end of the swing arm away from the ground with 3 U-shaped screws, and connect it to the centralized control box ( 9).

Step 3: Application test and punch calibration.

a) Check whether the connection cables are connected correctly, if so, power on to check whether the components are running normally.

b) Use a small plumb bob at the center of the radar (8), the length can enable the plumb bob to reach the upper surface of the ice sheet, and the swing arm rotates to the top of the ice sheet (18) in the river channel, and the remote computer passes the 4G data transmission module (13). ) sends relevant parameters (relative permittivity ε ₁ of conventional ice, number of sampling points, sampling frequency, accumulation times, collection interval, etc.) to the radar controller, and the radar map is sent back to the remote computer, and the radar wave recorded according to the radar map At the time t in the air and the time Δt in the ice sheet, the computer uses the formula (3) and formula (4) to calculate the distance h from the radar to the upper surface of the ice sheet and the thickness Δh of the ice sheet, and determine the radar ( 8) Bottom elevation H ₀ , and then use formulas (5) and (6) to calculate the upper surface or free water surface elevation H1 _of the ice sheet and the lower surface elevation _H2 of the ice sheet;

Formula (3):

Formula (4):

Formula (5):

Formula (6):

where h is the distance from the radar to the upper surface of the ice sheet (cm); t ₁ is the two-way time of radar wave propagation in the air (ns); Δh is the thickness of the ice sheet (cm); C is the radar wave propagation in the air Velocity (cm/ns); ε is the relative permittivity of ice; Δ is the two-way time of the radar wave in the ice sheet (ns); H ₀ is the elevation of the top of the radar (8) (m); H ₁ is on the ice sheet Surface elevation or free water surface elevation (m); _H2 is the lower surface elevation of the ice sheet (m).

c) Use a plumb bob to measure the distance h from the radar to the upper surface of the ice sheet, compare it with the radar data, and correct the propagation speed C of the radar wave in the air in time according to the comparison result.

d) Drilling calibration, use an ice drill to drill an ice hole (17) with a diameter of 15 cm directly under and on both sides of the air-coupled radar (8), measure the thickness of the ice sheet of the three ice holes with an ice ruler, and take the average According to the measured ice sheet thickness, the relative permittivity ε ₂ of the ice at the monitoring point is inversely derived by formula (4), and ε ₁ is replaced.

e) After the equipment and data are all normal, fix the pull wire of the connecting nut (25) to the prefabricated piles embedded on both sides of the base (5).

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a fixed point suspension type ice thickness, water level integration continuous monitoring device which characterized in that, includes arrester (1), wind power generation set (2), triangle steel tower (3), solar power system (4), mounting base (5), energy storage battery (6), swivel arm (7), air coupling radar sensor (8) (hereinafter for short "radar") and integrated control box (9): wherein,

the lightning arrester (1) can be a BLZ-800 type lightning arrester, and the installation height of a ball in the lightning arrester is higher than the highest position of a fan blade of the wind power generation device (2) by more than 0.2 m;

the triangular steel tower (3) is composed of three steel pipes and transverse supporting rods, the three steel pipes form an equilateral triangle, the diameter of each steel pipe is 50mm, the transverse supporting rods are made of twisted steel bars, the distance between every two adjacent transverse supporting rods is not more than 20cm, and the triangular steel tower is buried in the base;

the mounting base (5) is of a masonry structure, and the part buried below the ground is not less than 1 m;

the energy storage battery (6) is a low-temperature-resistant silicon battery and is arranged in the centralized control box (9) or is buried below 1m of the ground in the base;

the rotary arm (7) is composed of two steel pipes with different sizes, the diameters of the two steel pipes are 45mm and 50mm respectively, each steel pipe is 15m, the two steel pipes are connected in a nesting mode, holes with the diameter of 8mm are drilled in the positions of the connection positions of the two steel pipes every 5cm, then the two steel pipes are fixed through long screws (21) with the diameter of 6mm, one end of the rotary arm is welded with a sleeve (23) perpendicular to a cross rod of the rotary arm, the diameter of the sleeve is 55m, the length of the sleeve is 15cm, after the rotary arm sleeve (23) is sleeved into one steel pipe of the triangular steel tower, a blocking ring (24) is welded on the triangular steel tower steel pipe at the.

2. The air-coupled radar sensor (8) according to claim 1, characterized by mainly comprising a radar controller (14), a transmitter (15), a receiver (16), a transmitting antenna, a receiving wire, a power supply interface, a data interface, etc.;

the working mode of detecting the ice thickness of the air coupling radar sensor (8) is shown in an attached figure 3, a remote computer sends related parameters (radar wave air propagation speed, ice dielectric constant, sampling point number, sampling frequency, accumulation times, acquisition interval time and the like) to a radar controller through a 4G data transmission module (13), the remote computer automatically calculates the distance from the center of the bottom of the radar (8) to the upper surface of an ice cover in an ice period or a non-ice free water surface in the ice period, then calculates the thickness of the ice cover, and converts corresponding data into corresponding elevations respectively based on the elevations of the periphery of a river channel;

the radar controller (14) in the air coupling radar sensor (8) realizes the functions of data interface communication, transmitter trigger signal, receiver stepping sampling clock, receiver output signal analog-to-digital conversion and the like, and the internal working time sequence is shown in figure 4;

a transmitter (15) in the air coupling radar sensor (8) selects an avalanche transistor and an SRD device to form a pulse source circuit, the pulse width and the pulse repetition period of the pulse source circuit are easy to control, the size is small, and the pulse source circuit is suitable for being hung nearby a river channel at a fixed point;

a receiver (16) in the air coupling radar sensor (8) adopts an equivalent sampling technology to carry out frequency reduction processing technology on signals, and echo signals after frequency reduction are audio signals, so that the conversion rate of an A/D converter is improved, and the cost is reduced;

the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in the air coupling radar sensor (8) adopt a Bow-tie antenna or a UWB antenna with a deformed structure thereof to realize the ultra-wideband characteristic, and the antenna has a simple structure and a small volume and is suitable for being hung near a river channel;

the air coupling radar sensor (8) is fixed in the range of 1m at the tail end of the rotating arm (7) by adopting 3U-shaped bolts.

3. The integrated control box (9) according to claim 1, characterized by mainly comprising a wind-solar hybrid controller (10), a remote telemetering switch (11), a GPS module (12) and a 4G data transmission module (13), wherein the positions of the modules in the integrated control box are arranged and connected in the manner shown in figure 2;

the wind-solar hybrid controller (10) selects an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller, the controller can track the highest voltage and current values, the work of a solar cell panel, a storage battery and a load can be effectively coordinated, and the charging efficiency can reach 95%;

the wind-solar hybrid controller (10) works in a mode that electric energy of the wind power generation device (2) and the solar power generation device (4) is transmitted into the remote telemetering switch (11) or stored in the energy storage battery (6) through the wind-solar hybrid controller (10), and meanwhile, the electric energy stored in the energy storage battery (6) can be transmitted into the remote telemetering switch (11) through the wind-solar hybrid controller (10) when no wind exists;

the remote telemetering switch (11) can select an ST248-TAS type controller, and the working mode is that a GSM antenna receives a mobile phone or computer remote transmission control signal to control the start of a radar (8), a GPS module (12) and a 4G data transmission module (13);

the GPS module (12) can be a GPS15xL model, is used for providing Pulse Per Second (PPS) and time information for the radar (8), can perform timing according to the PPS and can control the acquisition interval time of the data of the radar (8);

in addition, the time information provided by the GPS is also recorded in the returned data of the radar (8), and a time label is marked on the radar echo data, so that the radar data can be backtracked according to the time;

the 4G data transmission module (13) can select MZ382 model, and the effect is realized the long-range wireless communication between radar (8) and the remote computer, establishes data link, and the real-time passback of radar map data of gathering reaches the remote computer, and this model 4G module has the WIFI function simultaneously, can pass through WIFI function connection radar (8) on the scene, tests radar data acquisition quality.