JP4608347B2 - 排気ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
排気ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4608347B2 JP4608347B2 JP2005093803A JP2005093803A JP4608347B2 JP 4608347 B2 JP4608347 B2 JP 4608347B2 JP 2005093803 A JP2005093803 A JP 2005093803A JP 2005093803 A JP2005093803 A JP 2005093803A JP 4608347 B2 JP4608347 B2 JP 4608347B2
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- exhaust
- exhaust passage
- exhaust gas
- nitrogen oxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
- F01N3/032—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start during filter regeneration only
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
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Description
本発明は、主として空気過剰条件で運転する内燃機関又は燃焼機器であっても、排出される有害成分を適切に浄化することができる排気ガス浄化装置を提供することを主目的とする。
内燃機関等の通常運転中は、吸着物質脱離手段及び燃焼装置が停止されており、排気通路内では、排気ガス中の窒素酸化物が窒素酸化物吸着材に吸着除去され、排気ガスに含まれる微粒子状物質は、フィルター装置により捕獲される。
内燃機関等の通常運転中、排気ガスが流れる分岐排気通路では、吸着物質脱離手段及び燃焼装置が停止されており、排気ガスに含まれる微粒子状物質は、フィルター装置により捕獲され、その後、排気ガス中の窒素酸化物が窒素酸化物吸着材に吸着除去される。したがって、窒素酸化物吸着材に微粒子状物質がつまることがほとんどなく、窒素酸化物吸着材による吸着率の低下を防止することができる。
内燃機関等の通常運転中、排気ガスが流れる分岐排気通路では、吸着物質脱離手段及び燃焼装置が停止されており、排出される排気ガス中の硫黄酸化物は、硫黄酸化物吸着材に吸着除去され、窒素酸化物は窒素酸化物吸着材に吸着除去される。
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態にかかる排気ガス浄化装置の概略図である。本実施形態は、主に請求項1記載の発明に関する実施形態である。排気ガス浄化装置は、内燃機関1又は燃焼機器の単一の排気通路2に配置されている。内燃機関1としては、ディーゼル機関、ガス機関、ガソリン機関、又はガスタービン機関などがあり、燃焼機器としては、産業用ボイラ等がある。
図1に示す構造において、内燃機関1の通常運転時には、吸着物質脱離手段(昇温手段)3及び燃焼装置5は停止しており、したがって、内燃機関1から排気通路2内に排出される排気ガスは、そのままNOx吸着材4に至り、NOxが吸着される。同時に、NOx吸着材4に含まれる酸化触媒によりCOやHC等の未燃成分が酸化され、無害化される。その後、排気ガスに含まれる粒子状物質が微粒子フィルター40に物理的に捕獲され、浄化された排気ガスが排気通路2から排出される。
図2は、本発明の第2実施形態にかかる排気ガス浄化装置の概略図である。本実施形態は、主に請求項2記載の発明に関する実施形態である。本実施形態の排気ガス浄化装置は、排気通路2が、複数本の分岐排気通路2a,2b、例えば、第1,第2の2本の分岐排気通路2a,2bに分岐している。2本の分岐排気通路2a,2bは、排気下流側で再度合流し、下流側排気通路2cに接続されている。
内燃機関1を運転する場合には、切替弁20によって排気ガス流路を切り替えることにより、両分岐排気通路2a、2bの一方を内燃機関1の排気ガスの排出流路として利用する。図2の状態は、第2の分岐排気通路2bを排気ガスの流路として利用し、第1の分岐排気通路2aを再生運転に利用している。
図3は、本発明の第3実施形態にかかる排気ガス浄化装置の概略図である。本実施形態は、主に請求項4に記載の発明に関する実施形態である。排気ガス浄化装置は、第1,第2実施形態と同様に、内燃機関1又は燃焼機器の排気通路2に配設されている。
内燃機関1の通常運転時、排気ガスは、上流側切替弁20及び下流側切替弁58によって選択された分岐排気通路2a,2bに排出される。図3の例では、第2分岐排気通路2bに排気ガスが排出される。このとき、第2分岐排気通路2bに設けられた吸着物質脱離手段3及び燃焼装置5は停止されている。
図4は、本発明の第4実施形態にかかる排気ガス浄化装置の概略図である。本実施形態は、主に請求項5記載の発明に関する実施形態である。本実施形態では、上記第3実施形態の排気ガス浄化装置に対し、排気ガスに含まれる微粒子状物質を捕獲するフィルター装置40を設けたものであり、その他の構成は第3実施形態と同様である。フィルター装置40は、各分岐排気通路2a,2bにおける各切替弁20,58の間の、燃焼装置5の排気上流側に配置された微粒子フィルターからなる。
図5は、本発明の排気ガス浄化装置に係る第5の実施形態を示す概略図である。本実施形態は、主に請求項3記載の発明に関する実施形態である。本実施形態では、第4実施形態におけるSOx吸着材42を省略したものであり、その他の構成は同じである。したがって、第4実施形態におけるSOx吸着材に関わる作用効果以外は、同様の作用効果を奏する。
第2〜第5実施形態において、排気通路は、3以上の分岐排気通路に分岐することができる。この場合、1の分岐排気通路に排気ガスを流し、他の分岐排気通路で再生運転を行ってもよいし、1の分岐排気通路で再生運転を行い、他の分岐排気通路に排気ガスを流すことができる。
2 排気通路
2a 分岐排気通路
2b 分岐排気通路
3 吸着物質脱離手段
4 窒素酸化物吸着材
5 燃焼装置
6 燃料ノズル(燃料供給手段)
7 点火装置(着火手段)
15 空気供給手段
20 上流側切替弁
31 燃料ノズル(燃料供給手段)
32 点火装置(着火手段)
33 空気供給手段
40 微粒子フィルター(フィルター装置)
42 硫黄酸化物吸着材
58 下流側切替弁
60 大気開放部
Claims (5)
- 内燃機関又は燃焼機器の排気通路に設置される排気ガス浄化装置において、
前記排気通路に、
窒素酸化物を一時的に吸着し、該吸着した窒素酸化物を昇温又は還元雰囲気で脱離する窒素酸化物吸着材と、
前記窒素酸化物吸着材より排気上流側に配置され、排気又は空気を昇温又は還元雰囲気にする吸着物質脱離手段と、
前記窒素酸化物吸着材より排気下流側に配置され、空気供給手段、燃料供給手段、及び着火手段を含む燃焼装置と、
前記燃焼装置より排気下流側に配置され、排気ガスに含まれる粒子状物質を捕獲可能なフィルター装置と、
を備えていることを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置。 - 請求項1記載の排気ガス浄化装置において、
前記排気通路が複数の分岐排気通路に分岐されており、
各分岐排気通路の排気入口には、ガスの流通を遮断可能な遮断手段が設けられ、
各分岐排気通路に、前記窒素酸化物吸着材と、前記吸着物質脱離手段と、前記燃焼装置と、前記フィルター装置と、を備えており、
前記吸着物質脱離手段が、空気供給手段を有し且つ空気供給手段からの空気を昇温又は還元雰囲気にするように構成されている、排気ガス浄化装置。 - 内燃機関又は燃焼機器の排気通路に設置される排気ガス浄化装置において、
前記排気通路が複数の分岐排気通路に分岐されており、
各分岐排気通路の排気入口及び排気出口に、ガスの流通を遮断可能な遮断手段が設けられており、
各分岐排気通路における排気出入口の前記遮断手段の間には、
窒素酸化物を一時的に吸着し、該吸着した窒素酸化物を昇温又は還元雰囲気で脱離する窒素酸化物吸着材と、
前記窒素酸化物吸着材より排気下流側に配置され、空気供給手段を有するとともに、空気供給手段からの空気を昇温又は還元雰囲気にする吸着物質脱離手段と、
前記窒素酸化物吸着材より排気上流側に配置され、空気供給手段、燃料供給手段、及び着火手段を有する燃焼装置と、
前記燃焼装置より排気上流側に配置され、排気ガスに含まれる粒子状物質を捕獲可能なフィルター装置と、
前記フィルター装置より排気上流側に配置され、前記分岐排気通路を大気に開閉自在に開放する大気開放部と、
を備えており、
前記吸着物質脱離手段及び前記燃焼装置を作動して再生運転を行うとき、前記分岐排気通路の排気出入口を前記遮断手段により遮断するとともに、前記大気開放部によって前記分岐排気通路を開放し、再生運転により生じるガスを、排気ガスの流れ方向とは逆方向に流して前記大気開放部から排出するように構成していることを特徴とする、排気ガス浄化装置。 - 内燃機関又は燃焼機器の排気通路に設置される排気ガス浄化装置において、
前記排気通路が複数の分岐排気通路に分岐されており、
各分岐排気通路の排気入口及び排気出口に、ガスの流通を遮断可能な遮断手段が設けられており、
各分岐排気通路における排気出入口の前記遮断手段の間には、
窒素酸化物を一時的に吸着し、該吸着した窒素酸化物を昇温又は還元雰囲気で脱離する窒素酸化物吸着材と、
前記窒素酸化物吸着材より排気上流側に配置され、硫黄酸化物を一時的に吸着し、吸着した硫黄酸化物を昇温又は還元雰囲気で脱離する硫黄酸化物吸着材と、
前記窒素酸化物吸着材より排気下流側に配置され、空気供給手段を有するとともに、空気供給手段からの空気を昇温又は還元雰囲気にする吸着物質脱離手段と、
前記硫黄酸化物吸着材より排気上流側に配置され、空気供給手段、燃料供給手段、及び着火手段を有する燃焼装置と、
前記燃焼装置より排気上流側に配置され、前記分岐排気通路を大気に開閉自在に開放する大気開放部と、
を備えており、
前記吸着物質脱離手段及び前記燃焼装置を作動して再生運転を行うとき、前記分岐排気通路の排気出入口を遮断手段により遮断するとともに、大気開放部によって前記分岐排気通路を開放し、再生運転により生じるガスを、排気ガスの流れ方向とは逆方向に流して大気開放部から排出するように構成していることを特徴とする、排気ガス浄化装置。 - 請求項4に記載の排気ガス浄化装置において、
各分岐排気通路には、前記燃焼装置より排気上流側で前記大気開放部よりも排気下流側に、排気ガスに含まれる微粒子状物質を捕獲可能なフィルター装置を配置している、排気ガス浄化装置。
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EP06729031A EP1865162B1 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2006-03-14 | Exhaust gas purification device |
US11/909,759 US8042328B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2006-03-14 | Exhaust gas purifier |
CN2006800101010A CN101151441B (zh) | 2005-03-29 | 2006-03-14 | 排气净化器 |
PCT/JP2006/304997 WO2006103915A1 (ja) | 2005-03-29 | 2006-03-14 | 排気ガス浄化装置 |
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JP2009185763A (ja) * | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-20 | Yanmar Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化装置 |
JP5285296B2 (ja) | 2008-02-22 | 2013-09-11 | ヤンマー株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化装置 |
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JP5308179B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-12 | 2013-10-09 | ヤンマー株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化システム |
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JP2006274875A (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
CN101151441B (zh) | 2011-06-22 |
US8042328B2 (en) | 2011-10-25 |
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