JP4586994B2 - Natural ventilation structure of buildings - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a natural ventilation structure that ventilates an interior space of a building, and in particular, a room space using a temperature difference generated between a living room space inside the building and the outside, or between a plurality of ventilation passages. The present invention relates to a natural ventilation structure capable of exchanging the inside air and the outside air and also reducing the temperature difference between the upper and lower sides in the living room space.

In the interior space of a building, especially in a living room where people are active, contamination by carbon dioxide and dust generated by breathing, various harmful gases emitted from combustion equipment, chemical substances emitted from building interior materials, etc. In order to prevent the effects and maintain a healthy and comfortable environment, it is necessary to ventilate the room air. The importance of ventilation is increasing especially in recent buildings with excellent confidentiality and heat insulation for improving energy saving.

For general ventilation, there are methods that use natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation equipment that depend on openings such as opening and closing windows. When opening and closing windows are provided, the area (opening area effective for ventilation) is the living room. The Building Standard Act and the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Law stipulate that more than 1/20 of the floor area should be taken. However, with the recent widespread use of air-conditioning equipment, the frequency of opening and closing windows tends to be extremely reduced, so the need for ventilation equipment is increasing. In addition, in terms of hygiene against the divergence of chemical substances caused by building materials, it is obliged to ensure the prescribed ventilation according to the enforcement order of the law.

As a general ventilation equipment, there is a forced ventilation device represented by a ventilation fan. Such a mechanical ventilator is provided in an open passage that communicates the living room with the outside, and controls the operation manually or with a timer as needed for ventilation, while sucking fresh air from the opening in the living room. It discharges internal polluted air.

In addition, in this type of mechanical ventilation device, a heat exchanger is provided in a part of the ventilation passage for the purpose of reducing energy consumption by suppressing heat loss when the air in a cooled or heated room is discharged as it is. There has been proposed one that performs heat exchange between the air and the intake air (Patent Document 1).

On the other hand, a two-layer air passage separated by a heat transfer panel is constructed on the wall of the building, and by utilizing the convection generated by the temperature difference inside and outside the room, it is not always necessary to rely on a mechanical ventilation device. A wall surface panel structure for ventilation has also been proposed (Patent Document 2).

JP 2000-283516 A JP 2001-323577 A

However, equipment that uses mechanical ventilation equipment such as a ventilation fan requires manual operation that depends on the conscious behavior of the occupants and automatic operation by special control equipment. It is difficult to obtain sufficient satisfaction in terms of the surface. Furthermore, in order to improve the increase in noise caused by fan contamination due to ventilation and the decrease in ventilation capacity, periodic cleaning and maintenance of the ventilator is required, and there is also a problem in terms of running cost due to power consumption. There is. Furthermore, the conventional technique described in Patent Document 1 requires extra man-hours associated with a complicated structure.

Further, in the conventional technique described in Patent Document 2, the air supply / exhaust flow in the two layers of the air supply / exhaust ducts are in opposite directions, so depending on the temperature conditions outside the room, either one of the air chambers or Since it is difficult for air flow to occur in both sides and air backflow may occur, a backflow prevention sheet or a blower fan for forced ventilation should be provided in the air chamber to obtain an effective ventilation function. There is a desire, and there are problems in operation and construction similar to those of the above-described prior art.

As described above, in any of the conventional techniques, it is necessary to use complicated facilities and mechanical ventilation devices in order to obtain effective ventilation, and there is a problem in that convenience is reduced, initial capital investment, and running costs increase. was there.

The present invention is a natural ventilation structure of a building intended to solve the above-described problems, and the natural ventilation structure is provided between the first main wall surface of the building and the first inner wall surface facing the internal space. A first external air passage formed between the formed first air passage and the first main wall surface and the first outer wall surface facing the external space and communicating with the first air passage at the upper end portion; and a building A second air passage formed between the second main wall surface and the second inner wall surface facing the inner space, and a lower end formed between the second main wall surface and the second outer wall surface facing the outer space. A second external air passage communicating with the second air passage in the portion, a first external air vent opening from the first external air passage to the external space at a lower portion of the first outer wall surface, and a first at a lower portion of the first inner wall surface. The first internal vent opening from the air passage to the internal space and the second external air passage at the top of the second outer wall A second external vent was opened between, it is characterized in that it has a second inner vent which is opened to the internal space from the second air passage in the upper part of the second inner wall surface.

In this structure, when the temperature of the internal space of the building is lower than the outside air temperature due to cooling in summer, etc., the air that has been cooled by the internal air and has a higher specific gravity flows into the first ventilation path in the descending direction. The outside air flowing in from the first external vent is warmed in the first external vent channel facing the outside, and the flow in the upward direction is accelerated. Similarly, air that has been cooled and increased in specific gravity flows in the descending direction in the second air passage, and is also warmed in the second external air passage and accelerated in the upward direction. It functions more effectively as a duct. When the temperature of the internal space becomes higher than the outside air temperature due to heating in the winter season, warmed indoor air flows in the upward direction through the first air passage and is cooled down to the first external air passage. While being accelerated in the descending direction, the warmed air rises in the second air passage, and the air flowing in from the outside is accelerated in the downward direction in the second external air passage, and the exhaust duct and the intake duct are respectively similarly Effectively function as. In addition, these air passages have a simple structure in which only a double space is provided between the main wall, the outer wall, and the inner wall that make up the building. can do.

Furthermore, in this natural ventilation structure, the second ventilation path includes a hut space or a ceiling space formed between the ceiling structure of the building and the ceiling surface, and a second internal ventilation hole is formed in the ceiling surface. It is characterized by opening.

With this structure, the second internal vent can be arranged at any position in the interior space of the room, and the position can be freely set so as to obtain an optimal ventilation effect in the positional relationship with the first internal vent. Can be selected. If the second internal vent is arranged over a wide range of the ceiling surface, the inflow and outflow airflow can be dispersed in the room space, so that the living room flows out and flows in at a temperature different from the room interior space. The effect which relieves the discomfort and discomfort which a person receives is acquired.

Further, the natural ventilation structure of the present invention is provided between the first main wall surface of the building and the first inner wall surface facing the inner space, and between the second main wall surface and the second inner wall surface facing the inner space. A first air passage formed in at least one of them, and a shed space formed between the ceiling structure material of the building and the ceiling surface of the internal space, and communicated with the upper end of the first air passage; , Provided substantially vertically near the central portion of the interior space, the upper end portion opens to the shed space, and the lower end portion opens to the external space through the floor surface and the underfloor space, A second air passage that communicates with the external space, and is provided substantially in parallel with the second air passage in the internal space, with the upper end communicating with the cabin space and the lower end opening near the floor of the internal space. At the lower part of the third air passage and at least one of the first main wall surface and the second main wall surface And a first external vent provided in communication with the first vent path and the external space, and a first internal vent provided in the ceiling surface so as to open from the cabin space to the internal space. To do.

In this structure, when there is a difference in temperature between the inside and outside of the building, a ventilation flow is generated due to the temperature difference of the air formed between the first air passage and the second air passage. In other words, if the temperature of the internal space of the building is lower than the outside air temperature due to cooling in summer, etc., the air in the second air passage that has been cooled by the air in the internal space and has a higher specific gravity flows in the descending direction. Discharged outside the object. Moreover, since the internal air of the 1st ventilation path which contact | connects a 1st main wall surface and / or a 2nd main wall surface is higher temperature than the 2nd ventilation path side, the external air taken in from a 1st external ventilation port is a 1st ventilation path Natural ventilation is performed by going up to the interior space through the cabin space and the first internal vent. On the other hand, the air in the third air passage is warmed by heat exchange with the air in the second air passage, rises in the third air passage, and opens the first internal air vent that opens from the back space to the ceiling surface. It passes through the internal space and circulates through the third ventilation path that opens again in the vicinity of the floor surface, so that it has the effect of relaxing the temperature difference between the upper and lower spaces of the internal room space. In addition, when the temperature of the internal space becomes higher than the outside temperature due to heating in the winter season, the air in the second air passage is warmed and rises and flows into the attic space, taking in the outside air, The air in the space descends through the first air passage having a low temperature and is discharged to the outside from the first external vent. Then, the air in the third air passage cooled by heat exchange with the air in the second air passage exits from the opening near the floor surface, rises in the internal space, and passes through the first internal vent on the ceiling surface to the cabin. The temperature difference between the top and bottom is alleviated by circulating through the back space.

Further, in the above-mentioned natural ventilation structure, in a multi-story building having a plurality of internal spaces, a ceiling back space is formed between the ceiling surface of each floor and the floor surface of the upper floor, and the internal space of each floor is Each includes a third air passage whose upper end communicates with the attic space or the ceiling space and the lower end opens near the floor surface of the internal space, and the first internal vent is provided on each floor. Each of the ceiling surfaces is characterized by being opened from the ceiling space to the internal space.

With this structure, each of the internal spaces of each floor in a building having a multi-story floor is connected to the cabin space by a third air passage, so that the interior space of the building is ventilated, while the lower floor and the upper floor The air is circulated even during the interval, and the effect is that the vertical temperature of the entire internal space can be made uniform.

Further, this natural ventilation structure is characterized in that the wall material constituting the first ventilation path and the second ventilation path, that is, the structural member separating the ventilation path and the internal space is made of a porous material.

By configuring these inner wall surfaces facing the internal space with a porous material having moisture retention, the inner wall surfaces absorb excess moisture (humidity) in the indoor air and are vaporized by the ventilation flow in the air passage. As a result, an effect of preventing condensation on the inner wall surface and generation of wrinkles caused thereby can be obtained.

In addition, this natural ventilation structure is characterized in that a refrigerant pipe, which is a heat exchanger for air conditioning, is provided inside or at least a part of the surface of the wall surface structure member made of the porous material.

In this structure, during cooling in summer, the ventilation flow flows on the surface of the first inner wall surface or the second inner wall surface where the refrigerant pipe is provided, so that the dew condensation water generated on the inner wall surface by the low-temperature refrigerant pipe is effective. In addition, during the heating in the winter season, no condensation is caused by the high-temperature refrigerant pipe, so that it is possible to more effectively prevent the occurrence of corrosion and soot due to the condensed water.

With the configuration as described above, the natural ventilation structure of the present invention does not use mechanical ventilation equipment or a heat exchange device with a complicated structure, and does not require running costs and effectively ventilates and heats the air inside and outside the building. In addition to being able to exchange, it prevents the occurrence of soot due to condensation, and also promotes air circulation in the upper and lower layers of the interior space to reduce the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers, thereby creating a comfortable living space It makes it possible.

(Embodiment 1)
Hereinafter, embodiments of a natural ventilation structure according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a building having a natural ventilation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and an internal space 13 serving as a living room is formed by four side wall surfaces, a ceiling surface 4, and a floor surface 5. ing. The natural ventilation structure of the present invention provided in this building is provided in the vicinity of the first main wall surface 8A and the second main wall surface 8B which are the side walls of the internal space 13, that is, in the region affected by the internal air temperature. The first air passage 6 is composed of a first air passage 6 and a second air passage 7, and the first air passage 6 opens to the external space 11 of the building at the upper portion thereof and opens to the internal space 13 at the lower portion thereof. The second air passage 7 has a first internal air vent 9, a second external air vent 12 that opens to an external space of the building at a lower portion thereof, and a second internal air vent that opens to an internal space 13 at an upper portion thereof. 10 and.

First, natural ventilation in this structure will be described by taking as an example a case where the temperature of the internal space 13 is lower than the outside air temperature due to the effect of cooling or the like in summer. Since the air inside the first air passage 6 is cooled by the cooling air in the internal space 13 to increase its density, this heavy air flows in the descending direction shown by the solid line arrow, and outside air is taken in from the first external air vent 11. Thus, the air is sucked into the internal space 13 through the first internal vent 9. Further, since the air that has been cooled and increased in specific gravity flows also in the second air passage 7 in the descending direction, the internal air flows from the second internal air vent 10 and is discharged to the outside from the second external air vent 12. Therefore, the 1st ventilation path 6 functions as an intake duct, and the 2nd ventilation path 7 functions as an exhaust duct.

On the other hand, when the temperature of the internal space 13 becomes higher than the outside air temperature due to heating in the winter season or the like, the air that has been warmed and lightened in specific gravity flows in the first air passage 6 in the upward direction indicated by the dashed arrow, The internal air taken in from the first internal vent 9 is discharged from the first external vent 11. Similarly, an upward flow also occurs in the second air passage 7, and the outside air taken in from the second external air vent 12 flows into the internal space 13 from the first internal air vent 9. Functions as an exhaust duct for internal air, and the second air passage 7 functions as an intake duct for external air.

Since the air supply and exhaust flows that flow in these two air passages are always in the same direction, the flow of each other's air encourages each other, so effective natural ventilation that does not require running costs without using a forced ventilation device Is realized. Moreover, since these ventilation paths have a simple structure in which only one set of ducts is provided in the internal space 13 of the building, they can be constructed very easily. The first air passage 6 and the second air passage 7 described above are illustrated as being provided in the vicinity of the first main wall surface 8A and the second main wall surface 8B, but in the region affected by the internal air temperature. Any arrangement is not affected by the effect of the present invention.

Next, the structure provided with the other natural ventilation structure in this Embodiment is demonstrated with reference to the sectional side view shown in FIG. This natural ventilation structure is a modification of the above-described ventilation structure, and the same reference numerals are given to components having functions similar to those in FIG. 1 in the following description. In the building of FIG. 2, between the first main wall surface 8A provided with a heat insulating material and the first inner wall surface 2A provided on the inner space 13 side facing the first main wall surface 8A at a predetermined interval. A second main wall surface 8B formed with the first air passage 6 and similarly provided with a heat insulating material, and a second inner wall surface 2B provided on the inner space 13 side facing the second main wall surface 8B at a predetermined interval. The 2nd ventilation path 7 is formed between these. The first air passage 6 is provided with a first internal air vent 9 that opens to the internal space 13 at the lower portion of the first inner wall surface 2A, and the first external air vent 11 at the upper portion of the first main wall surface 8A. It is provided to open to the external space. The second air passage 7 extends from the upper part of the second inner wall surface 2 </ b> B to a space formed between the ceiling structure 3 and the ceiling surface 4, and the second internal air vent 10 is located at a part of the ceiling surface 4. It is provided so as to open to the internal space 13, and the second external vent 12 is provided to open to the external space below the second main wall surface 8B. The first external vent 11 and the second external vent 12 are provided with wing plates for preventing rainwater from blowing in and small animals from entering.

Similarly to the structure of FIG. 1 described above, the natural ventilation structure configured in this way also causes the air inside the first ventilation path 6 and the second ventilation path 7 to be air when the temperature of the internal space 13 is lower than the outside air temperature. It flows in the descending direction indicated by the solid line arrow, outside air is taken in from the first external vent 11, intake into the internal space 13 is performed via the first internal vent 9, and internal air from the second internal vent 10. Flows in and is discharged from the second external vent 12 to the outside, the first vent path 6 functions as an intake duct, and the second vent path 7 functions as an exhaust duct. When the temperature of the internal space 13 is higher than the outside air temperature, the air inside the first air passage 6 and the second air passage 7 flows in the upward direction indicated by the broken line arrow, and is thus taken in from the first internal air vent 9. The internal air is discharged from the first external vent 11, while the outside air taken in from the second external vent 12 flows into the internal space 13 from the first internal vent 9. The second ventilation path 7 functions as an outside air intake duct.

With this structure, the space formed by the first main wall surface 8A and the first inner wall surface 2A, and the second main wall surface 8B and the second inner wall surface 2B constituting the building is directly used as the first air passage 6 and the second air passage. It is possible to make a simple structure used as the road 7 and it is not necessary to provide an independent duct that occupies a part of the interior space. There is no hindrance.

In the structure of FIG. 2, the second air passage 7 extends into a space (a hut or attic) formed between the ceiling structure 3 and the ceiling surface 4, and the second internal vent 10 is formed on the ceiling surface 4. Although the opening is provided in part, the present invention is not limited to this structure, and the second internal vent 10 is formed in the internal space 13 above the second vent path 7 (near the ceiling surface 4). It may be an opening. However, by providing the second internal vent 10 on the ceiling surface 4, it can be opened at an arbitrary position on the wide ceiling surface 4, so that an optimal ventilation effect is obtained in the positional relationship with the first internal vent 9. In addition, by dispersing the inflow / outflow airflow in the living room space, an effect of relieving the uncomfortable feeling and discomfort experienced by the residents due to the outflow / inflow of outside air can be expected.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of a building having a natural ventilation structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The natural ventilation structure includes a first air passage 6 formed between the first main wall surface 8A of the building and the first inner wall surface 2A facing the inner space 13, and the first main wall surface 2A and the outer space. The first external air passage 6A formed between the first outer wall surface 1A facing and communicating with the first air passage 6 at the upper end, the second main wall surface 8B of the building, and the second facing the internal space 13. Formed between the second air passage 7 formed between the inner wall surface 2B and the second main wall surface 8B and the second outer wall surface 1B facing the external space, and communicated with the second air passage 7 at the lower end. And a second external ventilation path 7B. The first air passage 6 opens into the internal space 13 through the first internal vent 9 at the lower portion of the first inner wall surface 2A, and the first outer air passage 6A is formed at the first outer portion at the lower portion of the first outer wall surface 1A. The air vent 11 opens to the external space. The second air passage 7 opens into the internal space 13 by the second internal vent 10 at the upper part of the second inner wall surface 2B, and the second external air passage 7B has the second external air vent at the upper part of the second outer wall surface 1B. The opening 12 opens to the external space. Accordingly, the first air passage 6 and the first external air passage 6A form an inverted U-shaped air passage shape communicating with each other at the upper part of the first main wall surface 8A, and the second air passage 7 and the second external air passage 7B forms a U-shaped air passage shape communicating with each other at the lower part of the second main wall surface 8B.

In the natural ventilation structure of the present embodiment, when the temperature of the internal space 13 of the building is lower than the outside air temperature due to cooling in the summer, the first ventilation path 6 and the second ventilation path 7 have a heavy specific gravity inside While air flows in the descending direction as shown by the solid line arrows, air whose specific gravity is lightened due to the influence of the outside air temperature flows in the ascending direction in the first external ventilation path 6A and the second external ventilation path 7B. As a result, the first ventilation path 6 and the first external ventilation path 6A function as an intake duct that takes in outside air, and the second ventilation path 7 and the second external ventilation path 7B function as an exhaust duct that discharges internal air.

Further, when the internal space 13 becomes higher than the outside air temperature due to heating or the like, the first air passage 6 and the second air passage 7 are warmed and light air with a low specific gravity flows in the upward direction as indicated by the broken arrow. In the first external air passage 6A and the second external air passage 7B, air having a high specific gravity flows in the descending direction due to the influence of the outside air temperature. As a result, the first air passage 6 and the first external air passage 6A function as an exhaust duct that discharges internal air, and the second air passage 7 and the second external air passage 7B function as an intake duct that takes in outside air.

As described above, each of the air passages in which the first air passage 6 and the first external air passage 6A and the second air passage 7 and the second external air passage 7B are combined is heated by both the internal space temperature and the outside air temperature.・ Because it is affected by cooling, the supply air flow and the exhaust air flow that are generated simultaneously in the same direction promote each other for more effective ventilation, so there is no need to use a forced mechanical ventilation device. Moreover, since these two sets of air passages have a simple structure in which a space is simply provided between the main wall surface and the inner and outer wall surfaces constituting the building, they can be constructed very easily.

This natural ventilation structure is provided between the main wall surface of the building and the outer wall surface or the inner wall surface, thereby simplifying the structure and facilitating the construction, but is the same as the first embodiment shown in FIG. Furthermore, even if these ventilation paths are made into independent duct structures and additionally constructed in an existing building, it is possible to obtain the same ventilation effect as described above.

Although not shown in the structure of FIG. 3, a space (attic or attic) is formed between the ceiling structure 3 and the ceiling surface provided below it, and the second air passage 7 communicates with this space. By opening the second internal vent 10 at an arbitrary position on the ceiling surface, an optimal ventilation effect can be obtained in the positional relationship with the first internal vent 9, and the inflow / outflow airflow can be widened. Dispersing the entire room into the room space can also be expected to reduce the discomfort and discomfort experienced by residents due to the inflow and outflow of outside air.

(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of a building having a natural ventilation structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Internal spaces 113A and 113B are formed by four-side wall structures, a ceiling structure 103, and a floor surface 105. Is formed. The natural ventilation structure includes a first air passage 106 formed between a first main wall surface 108A facing the outside of a building and provided with a heat insulating material, and a first inner wall surface 102A facing the internal space of the building. And the other first air passage 107 formed between the second main wall surface 108B facing the outside of the building and provided with a heat insulating material and the second inner wall surface 102B facing the internal space of the building. It has been. A roof space (or ceiling space) 117 is formed between the ceiling structure 103 of the building and the ceiling surface 104 of the internal space, and the upper ends of the first air passages 106 and 107 communicate with each other. In the vicinity of the central portion that divides the internal space into two spaces 113A and 113B, a second air passage 119 composed of a substantially vertical internal duct 115 is provided, and its upper end portion 110B opens toward the shed space 117. At the same time, a lower end portion (second external ventilation port) 112 extends to the floor surface 105 and the underfloor space 118 and opens to the external space penetrating the cloth foundation to communicate the cabin space 117 and the external space. Further, a partition wall surface 114 provided so as to cover and substantially parallel to the second air passage 119 constitutes the third air passage 116, and its upper end portion 110B communicates with the cabin space 117, and the lower end portion 110A is provided inside. It opens in the vicinity of the floor 105 of the space. First external vent holes 111A and 111B provided by connecting the first air passages 106 and 107 to the external space are opened below the first main wall surface 108A and the second main wall surface 108B, and a slat is attached to each. It has been. Furthermore, the ceiling surface 104 has first internal vent holes 109A and 109B provided to open from the back space 117 to the internal spaces 113A and 113B, respectively.

This structure uses natural air ventilation inside and outside the building by utilizing the air temperature difference between the first air passages 106 and 107 and the second air passage 119 in the internal duct 115 due to the temperature difference inside and outside the building. In addition, air circulation above and below the internal space is performed. That is, when the temperature of the internal spaces 113A and 113B is lower than the outside air temperature due to the influence of cooling or the like in summer, the air in the second air passage 119 is cooled by the air in the internal space and the specific gravity increases. It flows in the descending direction indicated by the solid line arrow and is discharged from the second external vent 112 to the outside of the building. In addition, since the internal air in the first air passages 106 and 107 in contact with the first main wall surface 108A and the second main wall surface 108B is hotter than the internal duct 115 side, the outside air taken in from the first external air vents 111A and 111B. However, ascending the first air passages 106 and 107 and flowing into the internal spaces 113A and 113B through the cabin space 117 and the first internal vents 109A and 109B, natural ventilation is performed. On the other hand, the air in the third ventilation path 116 is heated by heat exchange with the air in the internal duct 115 and rises in the third ventilation path 116, and opens from the back space 117 to the ceiling surface 104. Since the internal spaces 113A and 113B are lowered through the vents 109A and 109B and circulate through the third vent passage 116 from the second internal vent 110A that opens again in the vicinity of the floor surface 105, the temperature difference between the upper and lower sides of the internal room space Has the effect of mitigating.

Further, when the temperature of the internal spaces 113A and 113B becomes higher than the outside air temperature due to heating in the winter season or the like, the air in the second air passage 119 of the internal duct 115 is warmed and rises as indicated by a broken line arrow. When the outside air is taken in from the second external vent 112 by flowing into the attic space 117, the air in the attic space 117 is cooled inside the first vent passages 106 and 107, and the specific gravity increases. The air passage is lowered and discharged from the first external vents 111A and 111B to the outside. The air in the third air passage 116 cooled by heat exchange with the air in the internal duct 115 exits from the second internal air vent 110A in the vicinity of the floor surface 105 and rises in the internal spaces 113A and 113B, and the ceiling surface. By circulating through the first interior vent 109A, 109B 104 through the hut space 117, the temperature difference between the upper and lower interior spaces is reduced.

In the example of the building of FIG. 4, an internal duct 115 is provided inside the third air passage 116, which is a partition in which a wide internal space is divided into a plurality of living spaces 113 </ b> A and 113 </ b> B. A construction example is shown in which the third air passage 116 is formed using the wall surface 114 and the internal duct 115 is concealed in the interior.

As described above, even when the wall surfaces facing the outside of each living room space 113A, 113B exist only in one direction, by providing the internal duct 115, the third air passage 116 and the second air passage 119 are provided. A sufficient ventilation effect can be obtained. Furthermore, this natural ventilation structure moves the cool air below the internal space upward through the third air passage 116 during cooling, and moves the warm air above the internal space downward during heating, thus reducing the temperature difference between the top and bottom. It has the effect of maintaining a comfortable living environment.

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of a building having another natural ventilation structure to which the present embodiment is applied, and shows a two-story building having a plurality of internal spaces. In the following description, the same components as those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. In this natural ventilation structure, a ceiling space 124 is formed between the ceiling surface 122 on the first floor and the floor surface 121 on the second floor, and the upper ends of the interior spaces 113A and 113B on the first floor communicate with the cabin space 117. In addition, the lower end portion 110A is provided with a third air passage 116 that opens near the floor surface 105 of these internal spaces, and the upper ends of the internal spaces 123A and 123B on the second floor communicate with the cabin space 117 and the lower end portions thereof. Third ventilation passages 120A and 120B are provided near the floor 121 of the internal space. The ceiling surface 122 on the first floor has first internal vents that open from the ceiling back space 124 to the internal spaces 113A and 113B, respectively, and the ceiling surface 104 on the second floor also has an internal space 123A from the back space 117. , 123B are provided with first internal vent holes 109A, 109B, respectively.

The ventilation action of this natural ventilation structure is exactly the same as described above with reference to FIG. 4, and can be created between the first ventilation paths 106 and 107 and the second ventilation path 119 due to the temperature difference between the inner and outer spaces. Using the air flow generated by the temperature difference of the air, natural ventilation between the internal air and the outside air of the building via each air passage is performed. In addition, the upper and lower air circulation via the third air passage 116 that communicates with the attic space 117 communicates with the inner spaces 113A and 113B on the first floor, and the attic space 117 communicates with the inner spaces 123A and 123B on the second floor. Since the upper and lower air circulation occurs through the third air passages 120A and 120B, there is an effect of relaxing the temperature difference between the upper and lower sides of each floor.

This structure is not limited to the two-story building shown in FIG. 5, and even a multi-story structure having three or more floors communicates from the back space to the internal space of each floor. This can be easily realized by providing the third air passage. By providing such other natural ventilation structure to which this embodiment is applied, ventilation with air circulation is performed between the lower floor and the upper floor of the building, and the temperature of the entire internal space is made uniform. The effect that it can plan is acquired.

Further, FIG. 6 shows a partial side sectional view of a building to which the natural ventilation structure according to the first to third embodiments is applied. In this natural ventilation structure, the first inner wall surface 2A (102A, 102B) constituting the first air passage 6 (106, 107) and the second inner wall surface 2B constituting the second air passage 7 are made of a porous material. Moreover, the refrigerant | coolant piping 19 which is a heat exchanger for an air conditioning is provided in the inside or one surface of at least any one of them.

By constituting these inner wall surfaces facing the internal space with a porous material having moisture retention, moisture condensed on the inner wall surface due to excess moisture (humidity) in the indoor air is absorbed by the porous material. . Since the ventilation flow flows through these inner wall surfaces, the vaporization of moisture is promoted, and as a result, the effect of preventing the condensation on the inner wall surfaces and the generation of soot that accompanies them is obtained.

In addition, in the structure in which the refrigerant pipe is provided in or on the first inner wall surface or the second inner wall surface, the dew condensation water generated on the inner wall surface by the low-temperature refrigerant pipe during cooling is not generated on the first inner wall surface or the second inner wall surface. It is effectively vaporized by the ventilation flow that flows over the surface. Further, during heating, no condensation is generated by the high-temperature refrigerant pipe, so that it is possible to more effectively prevent the occurrence of corrosion and soot due to the condensed water.

(Embodiment 4)
FIG. 7A is a partial sectional side view of a building having a natural ventilation structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 7B, 7C, and 7D are FIGS. It is sectional drawing in line segment BB ', CC', and DD 'of (A). This embodiment constitutes a natural ventilation apparatus 200 having a duct structure that can be attached to an existing building. In other words, the outer wall 201, the central wall 202, and the inner wall 203 are substantially concentric along the longitudinal direction. The outer air passage 204 is formed between the outer wall 201 and the central wall 202, and the central wall 202 and the inner wall. A circulation ventilation path 205 is provided between the inside wall 203 and an internal ventilation path 206 provided inside the inner wall 203 so as to have a triple duct structure extending vertically. The outer wall 201 is closed at the lower end, and the upper end opens into the external space to form an external vent 207. The upper end and the lower end of the central wall 202 are bent in a substantially right angle direction, The upper circulation port 208 and the lower circulation port 209 of the circulation ventilation path 205 are formed so as to extend through the upper and lower side wall surfaces of the wall 201. The inner wall 203 has a lower end that penetrates the lower wall surface of the central wall 202 and communicates with the lower end of the external air passage 204, and an inner wall 203 has an inner portion of the circulation air passage 205 that follows the bent shape of the central wall 202. An internal vent 210 extending from the upper circulation port 208 is formed. In this integrated structure, the internal vent 210 and the upper circulation port 208 are opened to the upper part of the internal space 213 of the building, and the lower circulation port 209 is opened to the lower part of the internal space 213 to be fixed to the building.

By installing the natural ventilation device 200 having the above structure on one wall surface of the building, when the outside air temperature of the building is higher than the internal space 213 during cooling in the summer, The warmed air becomes an upward flow and is discharged from the external vent 207 as indicated by a solid arrow, and the air in the internal space 213 passes through the internal vent 206 from the internal vent 210 and from the lower end to the external vent 204. Flow into. Further, in the circulation air passage 205, heat exchange occurs between the internal air passage 206 and the external air passage 204 that are in contact with the inner and outer surfaces, so that the air in the cooled internal space 213 is warmed in the upward direction. Flow and natural air circulation from the lower circulation port 209 through the upper circulation port 208 are performed, and the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers of the internal space 213 can be reduced.

Further, when the outside air temperature becomes lower than the internal space 213 in the winter season, the air cooled in the external air passage 204 becomes a downward flow and is introduced from the external air vent 207 as indicated by the broken line arrow, and the internal ventilation Since the air flows into the internal space 213 from the internal vent 210 via the path 206, the natural ventilation of the internal air is similarly achieved. In the circulation air passage 205, the internal air cooled by heat exchange between the internal air passage 206 and the external air passage 204 flows in the descending direction, and flows from the upper circulation port 208 to the lower circulation port 209. Natural air circulation in the internal space 213 is performed.

As described above, the natural ventilation structure of the present invention can be easily installed and installed even in an existing building, realizes effective ventilation with a simple structure, and circulates in the interior space. It is possible to reduce the temperature difference between the lower layers and provide a comfortable living space.

This natural ventilation structure has proved that satisfactory ventilation and circulation effects can be obtained even when it is constructed integrally with metal materials such as painted steel sheets and galvanized steel sheets as well as resin materials such as hard vinyl chloride. .

In addition, in FIG. 7, although the cross-sectional shape of the duct of the natural ventilation apparatus 200 is shown by the circle, it is not limited to this shape. The shape of this ventilation device can be rectangular, rectangular, or any other shape depending on circumstances such as ease of manufacture and construction, and it is possible to secure a ventilation amount corresponding to the internal space to be installed. If there is a cross-sectional area, the same ventilation / circulation effect as above can be obtained.

Moreover, in FIGS. 1-7 in each above-mentioned embodiment, although the example by which the air flow path was formed in the right-and-left both sides wall surface of a building is shown, this intends expressing the structure in an easy-to-understand manner. It is. Therefore, even if each of these ventilation paths is on the same wall surface or is formed on two wall surfaces adjacent to each other, the ventilation effect that characterizes the present invention is not impaired.

The embodiments disclosed above are representative examples in all respects and should be considered as not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above-described embodiments but by the scope of claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.

It is a sectional side view of the building provided with the natural ventilation structure in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a sectional side view of the building provided with the other natural ventilation structure to which the 1st Embodiment of this invention is applied. It is a sectional side view of the building provided with the natural ventilation structure in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a sectional side view of the building provided with the natural ventilation structure in the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a sectional side view of the building provided with the other natural ventilation structure to which the 3rd Embodiment of this invention is applied. It is a sectional side view of the building provided with the other natural ventilation structure which applied Embodiment 1-3 of this invention. (A) It is a partial sectional side view of the building provided with the natural ventilation structure by the 4th Embodiment of this invention, (B) is sectional drawing in line segment BB 'of (A), (C) (A) is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC ′, (D) is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD ′ in (A).

Explanation of symbols

1A, 101A First outer wall surface 1B, 101B Second outer wall surface 2A, 102A First inner wall surface 2B, 102B Second inner wall surface 3, 103 Ceiling structure 4, 104, 122 Ceiling surface 5, 105, 121 Floor surface 6, 106, 107 1st ventilation path 6A 1st external ventilation path 7, 119 2nd ventilation path 7A 2nd external ventilation path 8A, 108A 1st main wall surface 8B, 108B 2nd main wall surface 9, 109A, 109B 1st internal ventilation hole 10, 110A Second internal vent 11, 111A, 111B First external vent 12, 112 Second external vent 13, 113A / B, 123A / B, 213 Internal space 19 Refrigerant pipe 114 Partition wall 115 Internal duct 116, 120A, 120B Third air passage 117 Hut space 118, 218 Under floor space 124 Ceiling space 201 External wall 202 Central wall 203 Internal wall 204 Part vent path 205 circulating air passage 206 inside the ventilation path 207 external vent 208 upper circulation port 209 lower circulation port 210 inside vent

Claims (6)

A first air passage formed between the first main wall surface of the building and the first inner wall surface facing the internal space;
A first external air passage formed between the first main wall surface and the first outer wall surface facing the external space and communicating with the first air passage at an upper end portion;
A second air passage formed between the second main wall surface of the building and the second inner wall surface facing the internal space;
A second external air passage formed between the second main wall surface and the second outer wall surface facing the external space and communicating with the second air passage at the lower end portion;
A first external vent opening from the first external vent path to the external space at a lower portion of the first outer wall surface;
A first internal vent opening from the first vent path to the internal space at a lower portion of the first inner wall surface;
A second external vent opening from the second external vent path to the external space at the top of the second outer wall surface;
A second internal vent opening from the second vent path to the internal space at the top of the second inner wall surface;
Natural ventilation structure of the building. The second air passage includes a shed space or a ceiling back space formed between the ceiling structural material of the building and the ceiling surface, and the second internal vent is open to the ceiling surface. It is characterized by
The natural ventilation structure for a building according to claim 1 . At least one of the first main wall surface of the building and the first inner wall surface facing the inner space of the building and the second main wall surface and the second inner wall surface facing the inner space A first air passage formed on one side;
A shed space that is formed between the ceiling structural material of the building and the ceiling surface of the internal space, and communicates with the upper end of the first air passage,
Provided substantially vertically near the central portion of the internal space, the upper end opens to the shed space, and the lower end opens to the external space through the floor surface and the underfloor space. A second air passage communicating the space and the external space;
A third air passage provided in the inner space substantially parallel to the second air passage, with an upper end communicating with the cabin space, and a lower end opened near the floor of the internal space;
A first external vent provided in communication with the first air passage and the external space at the lower part of at least one of the first main wall surface and the second main wall surface;
A first internal vent provided to open from the cabin space to the internal space on the ceiling surface;
Natural ventilation structure of the building. The building is a multi-story structure having a plurality of internal spaces,
A space behind the ceiling is formed between the ceiling surface of each floor and the floor surface of the upper floor,
Each of the internal spaces of each floor includes a third ventilation path whose upper end communicates with the cabin space or the ceiling space and whose lower end opens near the floor of the internal space,
The first internal vent is provided to open from the ceiling back space to the internal space in each ceiling surface of each floor.
A natural ventilation structure for a building according to claim 3 . The wall structure member separating the first air passage and the second air passage from the internal space is made of a porous material,
The natural ventilation structure of a building according to any one of claims 1 to 4 . The natural ventilation structure for a building according to claim 5 , wherein a refrigerant pipe of a heat exchanger is provided in at least a part of the inside or the surface of the wall surface structural member made of the porous material.

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