JP4546473B2 - 浸透エネルギー - Google Patents
浸透エネルギー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4546473B2 JP4546473B2 JP2006523048A JP2006523048A JP4546473B2 JP 4546473 B2 JP4546473 B2 JP 4546473B2 JP 2006523048 A JP2006523048 A JP 2006523048A JP 2006523048 A JP2006523048 A JP 2006523048A JP 4546473 B2 JP4546473 B2 JP 4546473B2
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- solvent
- liquid
- membrane
- prime mover
- Prior art date
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 204
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 48
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011126 aluminium potassium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007701 flash-distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940050271 potassium alum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 alkaline earth metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M fluorosulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])F UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical class Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical group OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rohrzucker Natural products OCC1OC(CO)(OC2OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C1O CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromate Chemical class [O-]Br(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/005—Electro-chemical actuators; Actuators having a material for absorbing or desorbing gas, e.g. a metal hydride; Actuators using the difference in osmotic pressure between fluids; Actuators with elements stretchable when contacted with liquid rich in ions, with UV light, with a salt solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Description
a)液体と液体よりも高い浸透ポテンシャルを有する溶液との間に選択膜を配置し、膜を横切る液体の流入により溶液を加圧状態にすること
b)溶液において生じた圧力を用いて原動機を駆動すること
c)溶液を回収すること
d)溶液から溶媒の少なくともいくらかを分離して残留生成物を形成すること、ならびに
e)工程d)の分離溶媒および/または残留生成物を工程a)にリサイクルすること
を含んで成る。
原動機、
液体よりも高い溶質濃度を有する溶液から液体を分離する選択膜を含んで成り、膜を通過する液体が溶液を加圧するように構成されているハウジング、
溶液において生じた圧力を原動機に伝達する手段、
溶液を回収する手段、
溶液から溶媒を分離して残留生成物を生成させる手段、および
残留生成物および/または分離された溶媒をハウジングにリサイクルする手段
を含んで成る。
Claims (21)
- 原動機の駆動方法であって、
a)液体と液体よりも高い浸透ポテンシャルを有する溶液との間に選択膜を配置し、膜を横切る液体の流入により溶液を加圧状態にすること、
b)溶液において生じた圧力を、圧力交換システムを介して別の液体に伝達し、該別の液体に伝達された圧力を用いて原動機を駆動すること、
c)溶液を回収すること、
d)溶液から溶媒の少なくともいくらかを分離して残存生成物を生成すること、ならびに
e)工程d)の分離溶媒および/または残存生成物を工程a)にリサイクルすること
を含んで成る方法。 - 原動機は、回転式原動機である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶液は、水溶液である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 溶液は、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、硝酸カリウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸ナトリウム、塩化カルシウム、炭酸ナトリウム、リン酸水素2ナトリウムおよびカリウムミョウバンから選択した塩の溶液である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 水溶液は、水にアンモニアおよび二酸化炭素を溶解することによって生成する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 水溶液は、アンモニア、二酸化炭素、炭酸アンモニウム、重炭酸アンモニウムおよびカルバミン酸アンモニウムの水溶液である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 溶液は、1〜400重量%の溶質濃度を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 液体は、淡水、海水、汽水および産業または農業プロセスからの廃ストリームから成る群から選択する、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 液体は、溶液の溶媒と同じ溶媒であるか、またはそれを含んで成る、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程d)において、熱および/または膜分離法によって溶媒を除去する、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 蒸発、蒸留および結晶化から選択した方法を用いて溶媒を除去する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 多段フラッシュ蒸留法、多重効用蒸留法、機械的蒸気圧縮法および高速噴霧脱塩法から選択した、少なくとも1の方法によって溶媒を除去する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 溶媒を、イオン交換法、電気透析法、ナノ濾過法および浸透法から選択した少なくとも1の方法によって除去する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 工程d)での溶媒除去に必要なエネルギーを、風力、周囲環境の熱エネルギー、太陽エネルギー、地熱エネルギー、生物学的プロセスからのエネルギー、燃料の燃焼によるエネルギーおよび/または発電装置および他の産業プロセスからの余剰熱によって供給する、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程d)で回収する溶媒の少なくともいくらかを、工程a)の液体にリサイクルする、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 溶液において生じた圧力を用いて溶液を高い位置に移動させること、および高い位置にある溶液のポテンシャルエネルギーを用いて原動機を駆動することを含んで成る、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程a)からの溶液を、周囲温度が、
i)溶液中の溶質の少なくともいくらかを結晶化するのに十分低いか、または
ii)溶媒を結晶化する溶媒の凝固点よりも下である
高所まで移動させて、低い溶質濃度を有する部分および高い溶質濃度を有する部分に溶液を分離する、請求項1〜16のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 該部分のそれぞれを地表面に戻して、各部分のポテンシャルエネルギーを用いて原動機を駆動することができる、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 工程d)において溶液から溶媒を分離するのに必要な熱エネルギーを、ガスの圧縮および減圧によって供給する、請求項1〜18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程a)の選択膜は、10〜60Å、好ましくは12〜50Åの平均ポアサイズを有する、請求項1〜19のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程a)からの加圧溶液を、更なる選択膜の1つの側に入れ、加圧溶液よりも高い浸透ポテンシャルを有する更なる溶液を該膜の他の側に入れて、膜を横切る液体の流入によって更なる溶液を加圧状態にする、請求項1〜20のいずれかに記載の方法。
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GBGB0319042.8A GB0319042D0 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2003-08-13 | Osmotic energy |
PCT/GB2004/003450 WO2005017352A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-08-11 | Osmotic energy |
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US (2) | US20060225420A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1660772B9 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4546473B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1853044A (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE365867T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004265489B2 (ja) |
CY (1) | CY1107727T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004007274T4 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2288261T3 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB0319042D0 (ja) |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9863405B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2018-01-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Circulatory osmotic pressure electric power generation system and method, phase control method for working medium, and working medium for circulatory osmotic pressure electric power generation |
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ATE365867T1 (de) | 2007-07-15 |
CN1853044A (zh) | 2006-10-25 |
US8099958B2 (en) | 2012-01-24 |
DE602004007274T4 (de) | 2010-09-30 |
AU2004265489B2 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
CY1107727T1 (el) | 2013-04-18 |
EP1660772B9 (en) | 2010-03-03 |
ES2288261T3 (es) | 2008-01-01 |
GB0319042D0 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
EP1660772B1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
AU2004265489A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
US20090091139A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
WO2005017352A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
DE602004007274D1 (de) | 2007-08-09 |
EP1660772A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
DE602004007274T2 (de) | 2008-02-28 |
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US20060225420A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
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