JP4540040B2 - Wasabi house forcing cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for forcing cultivation of wasabi. In particular, it relates to a house forcing cultivation method of wasabi using groundwater.

Conventionally, wasabi is cultivated over a long period of time, usually two years, in a mountainous area where fresh water is flowing and is formed with river gravel such as pebbles. The conditions for growing wasabi are also difficult, so the places where wasabi can be grown are very limited.
In addition, since this wasabi field is formed in a swamp, it is easy to collapse due to an increase in the amount of swamp water, and its maintenance and repair work is a heavy labor.

On the other hand, from around 1955 to the 1940s, many deep wells were dug in conjunction with the opening of irrigation water shortage areas. After that, the development of large-scale irrigation water facilities has progressed, or the above-mentioned irrigation paddy fields with many deep wells have been developed. Is in a fallow state.

And in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 11-1551049,
Wasabi cultivation can be done without wasabi rice fields and can be grown without any wasabi fields, and can be made with sufficient wasabi growth. For the purpose of providing a method,
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a plurality of cultivation tanks 20 are arranged so as to be sequentially lowered along the inclination of the cultivated land, and a plurality of water holes provided on the bottom surface or the like are provided in these cultivation tanks 20. These cultivation containers 10 are placed so as to be sequentially lowered by storing the cultivation containers 10, and are connected in order by the water distribution pipe 40 from the high position to the low position of each cultivation tank 20. A water stop plate 21 having an open lower end is provided in each cultivation tank 20, and the cultivation water supplied from the water distribution pipe 40 is temporarily stopped by each water stop plate 21 to flow downstream from the lower opening. From the upstream side of each of the cultivation containers 10, the wasabi cultivation method and apparatus for supplying the cultivation water to the lower part thereof,
Has been proposed.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-1551049

According to the prior art, instead of the gravel ridges of wasabi fields, since the cultivation container 10 having a water passage in which an inorganic medium 13 such as river gravel, river sand, artificial aggregate is stored is used, Although it is no longer necessary to carry out rehabilitation work of vines using gravel, the cultivation work is lightened, and the restriction that this wasabi field has to be formed in the swamp is removed. It remains as an indispensable condition for wasabi cultivation, and the restriction of wasabi cultivation cannot be completely removed.

On the other hand, as described above, many deep wells dug in the irrigation water shortage area from around 1955 to the 1940s have been left unattended as the paddy fields have been fallowed. A well can pump abundant groundwater at a temperature suitable for wasabi cultivation.

  Therefore, the present invention has an object of making a flat land having a groundwater vein into a cultivated farmland suitable for forcing cultivation of wasabi without requiring sloped land or water like the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention
House a cultivation container filled with an air-permeable medium and capable of supplying air to the medium and having small-diameter vents on the bottom and side walls that allow passage of groundwater poured into the medium. was placed within, at the desired temperature for the cultivation of wasabi pumped toward the medium, and, by sprinkling or spraying the less groundwater of the year the water temperature hidden throughout the year, the groundwater falls through the air in the house during the wasabi grown in ground water by dissolved oxygen necessary for, provided separately from the heat exchange system and irrigation for strains sprinkling or spraying the groundwater pumped up toward the medium, the groundwater house whole and intermittently sprayed, by adjusting the temperature of the air in the c mouse, to generate an environment in which wasabi is grown throughout the year, it was decided to forcing the wasabi in the house.

Further, in favor of cultivating container having the passing air resistance on the plurality the same horizontal plane, it was decided to sprinkling or spraying groundwater simultaneously towards the medium every growing container.

  Furthermore, the pumped-up groundwater is temporarily stored in a groundwater storage tank provided inside or outside the house, and aerated in the storage tank to further dissolve oxygen necessary and sufficient for wasabi growth in the groundwater. did.

Furthermore, a heat exchange system is provided separately from the water supply system for spraying the groundwater pumped toward the medium, and the heat exchange system is provided mainly in summer or winter, and in spring and autumn as necessary. The air temperature inside the house was adjusted.
The heat exchange system sprays groundwater into the house and passes the groundwater through the fan coil to exchange heat and adjust the air temperature in the house.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a small-diameter vent that is filled with an air-permeable medium, can supply air to the medium, and allows passage of groundwater poured into the medium is provided on the bottom wall. In addition, a cultivation container provided on the side wall is installed in the house , and groundwater having a water temperature desirable for cultivating wasabi pumped toward the medium and having a small difference in annual water temperature is sprayed or sprayed throughout the year. Since groundwater with little change in water temperature is used throughout the year, sloped land and swamp water are not required for cultivation as in the past, so the possible area for wasabi cultivation can be greatly expanded.

  According to the invention of claim 2, since a plurality of breathable cultivation containers are supported on the same horizontal plane, ground water is simply sprayed or sprayed simultaneously toward the culture medium of all cultivation containers. Oxygen can be uniformly supplied to all the wasabi without distinction between upstream and downstream, and can contribute to uniform growth of wasabi.

  According to the invention according to claim 3, since the groundwater pumped up is temporarily stored in the groundwater storage tank provided inside or outside the house and aerated in the storage tank, the sprinkled or sprayed groundwater falls. More oxygen can be dissolved in the groundwater than when oxygen is dissolved during the operation.

According to the present invention, a heat exchange system is provided separately from the irrigation system for spraying or spraying the groundwater pumped up toward the medium, and the groundwater is sprayed intermittently over the entire house, in the summer or winter season. In addition, since the air temperature in the house is adjusted through the heat exchange system in spring and autumn as necessary, the heat energy stored in the groundwater can be used effectively in the summer and winter seasons. Since the growth of wasabi can be promoted, the conventional cultivation period of 2 years can be shortened to the same year. For this reason, the yield per unit area can be doubled and the cash-on cycle can be halved .

In FIG. 1 thru | or FIG. 4, it shows schematically about the house forcing cultivation method of wasabi which concerns on this invention.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a house 1 that implements the house forcing cultivation method of wasabi according to the present invention. In the example shown in FIG. 1, a part of the vinyl sheet 2 covering the house 1 is wound up to provide an opening 3 for ventilation, and hot air in the house 1 is replaced with outside air, so that the inside of the house 1 The temperature is adjusted.

  FIG. 2: shows the schematic diagram of the house forcing cultivation method of wasabi which concerns on this invention. In this figure, the container shown below is a cultivation container 4, and the cultivation container 4 is filled with a culture medium 5 having air permeability such as red crust, Kiryu sand, Kanuma earth, pumice, and beans gravel. A small-diameter vent 6 capable of supplying air to the culture medium is provided on the bottom wall and side wall of the cultivation container 4. Of course, the vent 6 allows passage of ground water poured into the medium.

In this embodiment, two water supply systems are provided.
One is an irrigation system 7 for irrigating the wasabi while replenishing dissolved oxygen in the ground water while falling in the air, and two is a heat exchange system 8 for exchanging heat with the air in the house 1.
The irrigation system 7 is irrigated throughout the year, and its flow rate is 0.5 l / min · m ² . Through this system, oxygen and nutrients suitable for wasabi can be supplied.
The heat exchanging system 8 is provided with a spray nozzle at the tip, and 0.5 l / min · m ² of ground water is sprayed mainly in summer and winter. Thereby, the air in the house 1 is cooled or heated.
If the air in the house 1 rises or falls abnormally. Air conditioning is natural even in spring and autumn.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the average groundwater temperature in each month in the Fukushima area, which is an example of the experimental region of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the maximum and minimum temperatures throughout the year inside and outside the house.
Hereinafter, with reference to drawings, the wasabi house forcing cultivation method according to the present invention will be described in detail.

注１：湧水のデータは、わさび優等田１０箇所の平均値。静岡わさび研究所(１９４０)のデータによる。
注２：用水のデータは、２００１．１１〜２００２．７までのデータの平均値。 <Content of inorganic components in water>
The mineral content of irrigation water is the most important factor for wasabi growth. Wasabi specifically absorbs nitrogen, potassium, and calcium, and phosphoric acid and magnesium are about one-fifth of these amounts.
Then, about the inorganic component content of water for use, the spring water used in wasabi field in Shizuoka Prefecture and the water used as groundwater in the present invention are compared and shown in Table 1.
Comparison of inorganic component content (unit: mg / l (except pH))

Note 1: Spring water data is the average of 10 Wasabi Honda fields. Based on data from Shizuoka Wasabi Research Institute (1940).
Note 2: The water data is the average of data from 2001.11 to 2002.7.

The above data comparison revealed the following.
About pH, ammonia, chlorine, nitrous acid, and silicic acid are almost the same value, but about 7 times for nitric acid, about 2 times for sulfuric acid, lime, and bitter soil, more water is used.
In addition, phosphoric acid for water is about 1/30 of spring water, and potassium is about 1/5.
In general, wasabi fields with a large amount of inorganic components have better growth, quality, and yield compared to wasabi fields with a small amount of them.
However, even in the wasabi field springs, which are called honor fields, there are spring waters of approximately the same concentration as the water used in the experimental area for phosphate and potassium. There seems to be no problem on growth.
Furthermore, turbid components in the irrigation water hinder the permeability of the medium, leading to wasabi root deficiency, leading to damage such as root rot, but the appearance of the irrigation water is colorless and transparent (chromaticity and turbidity). It is less than 0.5 degrees) and there is no obstacle.
The dissolved oxygen of spring water is about 10 mg / l when the water temperature is around 12 ° C. The dissolved oxygen in water was as low as 7.1 mg / l (November 2001). For this reason, it is preferable to use the water after aeration to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen (9.6 mg / l after aeration (taken in April 2002)).
The most common method for supplying dissolved oxygen in the groundwater is to spray the groundwater from the irrigation system 7 described above, but the groundwater pumped up is once stored in the groundwater storage tank provided inside or outside the house. It may be stored and agitated by rotating a stirring device provided in the storage tank, or an air introduction pipe may be provided in the middle of the piping of the irrigation system 7 and air may be blown from the air introduction port of this pipe.
By adding these methods, it becomes possible to further dissolve oxygen necessary for wasabi growth in the groundwater, which is advantageous for a method for promoting the wasabi house cultivation.

<Water temperature>
The water temperature desirable for cultivating wasabi is 8 to 17 ° C throughout the year, and the optimum growth temperature is 12 to 13 ° C. Moreover, the smaller the annual water temperature difference is, the better.
And when water temperature will be 18 degreeC or more, it will become easy to suffer from wasabi and the cultivation will become difficult. On the other hand, when the water temperature decreases, the growth slows down at 8 ° C. or less, and the growth stops at 5 ° C. or less.
The temperature of groundwater (100 m depth) used in the present invention is 11 ° C. to 14 ° C. throughout the year, and it has been found that the temperature is within the optimum temperature range for wasabi breeding water.
The water actually used as an example in this example is not the water quality peculiar to this region, but if it is groundwater pumped from a well with a depth of about 100 m in Japan, the water temperature and the content of inorganic components are almost the same. Can be expected.
Therefore, the deep well groundwater can be sufficiently used as water for raising wasabi by increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen as required.
Annual changes in water temperature are shown in Table 2 and Figure 3.
Average water temperature of each month (℃)

《Room temperature in the house》
The growth temperature range of wasabi is approximately 8-18 ° C, and optimally 12-15 ° C.
And growth slows at the temperature of 8 degrees C or less, and growth stops at the temperature of 5 degrees C or less. Furthermore, when the temperature falls below −3 ° C., frost damage occurs.
On the other hand, when the temperature is 25 ° C. or higher, soft rot, strain rot, and the like occur. In addition, if the sunlight is too strong, sunburn may occur.
As described above, wasabi has the property of causing a physiological disorder or being susceptible to illness due to collapse of conditions of temperature and sunlight illuminance.

The Fukushima area, which is the experimental site, differs from the wasabi field in the highland, and the above-mentioned optimum temperature for wasabi cannot be secured.
For this reason, it is necessary to adjust the room temperature in the house mainly in summer and winter.
Therefore, in this embodiment, thermometers are installed inside and outside the house, and temperature adjustment is performed as needed while observing changes in the temperature inside and outside the house.
FIG. 4 is a plot of the maximum and minimum temperatures measured inside and outside the house.

(Shading / ventilation)
In order to mitigate the effects of direct sunlight from spring to summer, a cold mist was placed around 1.7 m above the ground to block out the light.
Also, during the day, it was possible to reduce the growth disturbance by ventilating the vinyl sheet at the hem of the house.
In FIG. 4, from May to September, the maximum temperature in the house is about 30 ° C.
This is because the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the house disappeared because the vinyl sheet was partially lifted for ventilation.
At this time, a shower attached at about 1.6 m from the ground sprayed water in the house at 15-minute intervals during fine weather.
As a result, the temperature in the vicinity of the wasabi medium of 1.6 m or less in the house could be maintained at 18 ° C. to 20 ° C. in July and August when the temperature was high.

(Temperature adjustment at high temperature)
To adjust the temperature of the air in the house 1 at a high temperature, a spray nozzle is attached to the open end of the water supply pipe of the heat exchange system 8 which is different from the irrigation water sprinkling pipe 7, and ground water around 14 ° C. is supplied from this nozzle. It sprays on the whole house and heats the air in the house 1 to cool the inside of the house.
The flow rate of groundwater sprayed from this spray nozzle is 0.5 l / min · m ² .
Therefore, the amount of groundwater sprayed at a high temperature is 1.0 l / min · m ² together with the above-mentioned cultivation water.

(Temperature adjustment in winter)
In winter, it is said that the growth of wasabi is delayed when the temperature is 8 ° C or lower, and the growth is almost stopped when the temperature is 5 ° C or lower.
Even in winter, the ground water at around 11 ° C. is sprayed over the entire area of the house from the spray nozzle attached to the open end of the water supply pipe of the heat exchanging system 8 in the same way as at the high temperature to exchange heat with the air in the house 1. Heat the house.
The flow rate of the groundwater sprayed from the spray nozzle is 0.5 l / min · m ² which is the same as the flow rate at the time of high temperature described above.
When the temperature in the house 1 cannot be raised sufficiently by this heating system, a fan coil (not shown) is installed in the house 1 and the thermal energy of groundwater passing through the fan coil is used. It is desirable to increase the heating power.
As a result, despite the fact that the minimum outside air temperature was below freezing point, the groundwater temperature was stable at just under 12 ° C, which is close to the optimum temperature for wasabi cultivation, even in winter. The temperature was warm enough compared to the outside temperature.

The growth situation was compared between each medium according to the number of leaves. The results are shown in Table 3.
As the cultivation period became longer, the number of pumice and bean gravel leaves was about half that of the other media, and the growth rate was different.
The growth order between the culture media was: Akadama soil> Kiryu sand> Kanuma soil>Pumice> Bean gravel.
From the above, it can be said that red jade soil, Kiryu sand and Kanuma soil are suitable as the medium for the house-enhanced cultivation method of wasabi.

It is a perspective view of the house which enforces the house forcing cultivation method of wasabi which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the wasabi house forcing cultivation method which concerns on this invention. It is a graph which shows the groundwater average water temperature of each month in the Fukushima area which is an experiment implementation area of this invention. It is a graph which shows the maximum and minimum temperatures throughout the year inside and outside the house. It is a top view of the conventional wasabi cultivation apparatus. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the conventional wasabi cultivation apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

1 cultivation house 2 vinyl sheet winding shaft 3 ventilation openings 4 culture vessel 5 medium 6 copies gas for small holes 7 irrigation for system 8 strains heat exchanger

Claims (3)

In the wasabi house forcing cultivation method,
A cultivation container filled with an air permeable medium, capable of supplying air to the medium, and having small-diameter vents on the bottom wall and side walls that allow passage of ground water poured into the medium. Installed in the
In desired water temperature to grow horseradish pumped toward the medium, and, by sprinkling or spraying the less groundwater of the year the water temperature hidden throughout the year, while the groundwater falls through the air in house, the ground water Dissolved in the oxygen necessary for wasabi growth ,
The irrigation for strains sprinkling or spraying the groundwater pumped up toward the medium provided separately from the heat exchange system, and intermittently spraying the groundwater House throughout adjusting the temperature of the air in the wafer mouse And
A method for promoting house-wassing of wasabi, characterized by generating an environment in which wasabi grows throughout the year. The culture vessel is supported on a plurality same horizontal plane, have been wasabi house forcing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sprinkling or spraying the ground water at the same time towards the medium every growing container. Pumped and stored in the groundwater once the house or houses outside the provided groundwater storage tank, by aeration in the accumulating tank, and characterized by further be dissolved oxygen necessary for wasabi growth into the groundwater The house forcing cultivation method of wasabi according to any one of claims 1 to 2.

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