JP4501706B2 - 燃料電池の電極を構成する触媒層から貴金属を回収する方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池の電極を構成する触媒層から貴金属を回収する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
図3に示した電気泳動装置20を用いた。炭素回収用電極23に銅箔(厚さ50μm)を、対極24に白金電極(厚さ100μm)を用いた。対極24側の槽21内にアセトニトリルを入れた。一方、炭素回収用電極23側の槽21内にアセトニトリルとトリエチルアミンを入れた攪拌し、そこに膜電極接合体(MEA)から回収した剥離した白金および白金を担持した炭素粉の混合物440mgを入れ、超音波にて30分間スラリー状となった電解液を攪拌し分散させた。電気泳動条件として、印加電圧400V,通電時間10分間とした。
炭素回収用電極23側の槽21内にアセトニトリルとメチルジエチルアミンを入れた以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で分別を行った。同じように、銅電極表面を炭素粉が覆い、白金粉は槽の底に沈んでいた。白金粉を電着液とともに抜き出して、ろ別して白金粉を回収した。白金回収率は98.9%であった。この場合も、減少した分のメチルジエチルアミンと蒸発した溶媒を追加することによって、電着液は繰り返し使用することができた。
実施例1と同量の白金担持炭素粉を王水中に入れ、90℃に加熱しながら60分間、超音波攪拌をして。その後、PTFEフィルタで炭素粉をろ別した。王水を100倍希釈して溶解した白金を原子吸光光度法にて分析し、王水溶液中の白金重量は194mgであることがわかった。その王水を乾燥させては塩酸を加えるとして脱硝操作を2〜3回繰り返し、希釈、冷却、ろ別して、白金が溶解した塩酸溶液を得た。この塩酸溶液に水素化ホウ酸ナトリウムで還元させた白金189gを回収した。回収率は94.5%であった。
比較例1と同じ操作をして、白金が溶解した王水溶液を得た。この王水溶液を電解層に移して30Aの電流で電解して白金183mgを回収した。回収率は91.5%であった。
本発明による回収方法では、回収率が100%あるいは98.9%%と高い回収を達成できた。一方、比較例1および2では、多くの工程を必要とし、また長い処理時間を要しながら、回収率は94.4%あるいは91.5%と低く、本発明の優位性が示される。
Claims (5)
- 燃料電池の電極を構成する触媒層から触媒である貴金属を回収する方法であって、触媒層を構成する貴金属および貴金属を担持する炭素粉の混合体を極性溶媒および塩基性化合物とを含む電着液の中に入れて炭素粉をイオン化し、電気泳動により炭素粉を電極上に析出させて分離し、炭素粉が分離した電着液から貴金属を回収することを特徴とする触媒層からの貴金属回収方法。
- 電着液中に超音波振動を付与することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒層からの貴金属回収方法。
- 前工程として、燃料電池から膜電極接合体を取り出す工程、取り出した膜電極接合体から触媒層と電解質膜との積層体を取り出す工程、触媒層と電解質膜との積層体をアルコール液に浸漬して電解質を溶解させる工程、電解質が溶解したアルコール溶液から触媒層を構成する貴金属および貴金属を担持する炭素粉の混合体を取り出す工程、とをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の触媒層からの貴金属回収方法。
- 塩基性化合物が、エチルメチルフミン、トリエチルアミン、エチルジメチルアミンまたはジエチルメチルアミンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の触媒層からの貴金属回収方法。
- 極性溶媒が、アセトニトリル、プロピレンカーボネートまたはブチロクラトンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の触媒層からの貴金属回収方法。
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JP2003317724A (ja) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-07 | Choichi Furuya | ガス拡散電極、その製法及びそれを用いた燃料電池 |
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