JP4384481B2 - Binocular magnifier - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a binocular magnifier for surgery used in surgery and the like.

  In a binocular magnifier, a case is mounted on the operator's head, and the left and right eyes are observed using different optical systems, creating perspective and enabling stereoscopic viewing ( For example, see Patent Document 1).

  When observing an observation object with a plurality of optical systems, if the position of the observation object moves back and forth, the visual field shift (parallax) of each optical system increases. This tendency becomes stronger as the magnification increases.

In order to correct the parallax, there has been a method of correcting the optical axis by moving the objective lens and the eyepiece lens in the optical axis direction and the direction perpendicular to the optical axis, respectively (for example, see Patent Document 2).
Japanese Patent No. 3429529 Japanese Patent No. 3375407

  However, if a mechanism for moving the objective lens or eyepiece lens in the optical axis direction or a mechanism for moving the objective lens or the eyepiece lens in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis is provided, the apparatus becomes larger and the weight increases, and the operator who wears it tends to get tired. There is also a problem that the price of the device increases.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight, small-sized binocular magnifier equipped with a parallax correction mechanism at low cost.

In order to solve the above problems, the invention described in claim 1 is a binocular magnifier 10 having two symmetrical optical systems for enlarging an image of a front observation object, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The screw screw 35 arranged with the axis line in the front-rear direction, the motor 36 that rotates the screw screw 35 according to the distance from the observation object, and the screw screw 35 are screwed into the screw screw 35 and moved back and forth by the rotation. A slider 34, a lens guide shaft 37 held by the slider 34, and a left and right symmetrical cam-like side surface disposed in front of the apparatus and provided in a predetermined curved shape from the front central direction to the rear side ( A cam plate 38 having cam surfaces 38L and 38R), and is provided slidably along the side surfaces and slidable along the side surfaces. Moving freely right and left drive lens attached (objective lens group 20L, 20R) and wherein the left and right drive lens whereas symmetric and the optical axis along the side of the cam shape according to the distance from the observation object And moving in an oblique direction to perform focus adjustment or zooming operation .

According to the invention described in claim 1, the screw screw 35 arranged with its axis line directed in the front-rear direction of the binocular magnifier 10 is rotated by the motor 36 according to the distance from the observation object of the binocular magnifier 10, The lens guide shaft 37 held by the slider 34 and the slider 34 is moved back and forth, and left and right drive lenses attached to the lens guide shaft 37 so as to be movable in the left-right direction are predetermined from the front center to the rear side of the observation apparatus. The lens is slid along a symmetrical cam-shaped side surface (cam surfaces 38L, 38R) provided in a curved surface shape to adjust the focus or change the magnification, and drive the left and right drive lenses (objects) of the image of the observation object. The incident angle to the lens groups 20L and 20R) can be reduced, and the parallax can be corrected. Further, the burden on the observer can be reduced by making the shape of the cam-shaped side surfaces (cam surfaces 38L, 38R) a predetermined curved surface shape to be described later.

Further , the left and right drive lenses (objective lens groups 20L and 20R) move symmetrically along the cam-shaped side surface and obliquely with respect to the optical axis in accordance with the distance from the observation object, thereby adjusting the focus or While performing the zooming operation, it is possible to reduce the incident angle of the image of the observation object to the left and right drive lenses (objective lens groups 20L and 20R), and to correct the parallax.

The invention according to claim 2 is the binocular magnifier 10 according to claim 1 , wherein the drive lens (objective lens group 20L, 20R) is moved forward along the cam-shaped side surface as approaching the observation object. The drive lens (objective lens group 20L, 20R) moves toward the center side and moves toward the rear side along the cam-shaped side surface as it moves away from the observation object.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the drive lens (objective lens group 20L, 20R) moves toward the front center along the cam-shaped side surface as it approaches the observation object, and as it moves away from the observation object. The drive lens (objective lens group 20L, 20R) moves toward the rear side along the cam-shaped side surface, thereby performing focus adjustment or zooming operation and driving lenses (left and right) of the image of the observation object. The incident angle to the objective lens group 20L, 20R) can be reduced, and the parallax can be corrected.

ここで、ｄは左右の対物レンズの観察物が無限遠方にある場合の位置から両光軸の中心線方向へのシフト距離であり、
ｗは観察物が無限遠方にある場合の位置における左右の対物レンズの両光軸の中心線と各光軸との距離であり、
ｘは観察物が無限遠方にある場合の位置からの対物レンズの光軸方向への繰出し距離であり、
ｆは対物レンズの焦点距離である。 A third aspect of the present invention is the binocular magnifier according to the first or second aspect , wherein the left and right drive lenses are objective lenses and move according to the following expression.

Here, d is a shift distance from the position when the observation object of the left and right objective lenses is at infinity to the center line direction of both optical axes,
w is the distance between each optical axis and the center line of both optical axes of the left and right objective lenses at the position where the observation object is at infinity,
x is a feeding distance in the optical axis direction of the objective lens from the position when the observation object is at infinity,
f is the focal length of the objective lens.

  According to the present invention, the left and right drive lenses are moved symmetrically and obliquely with respect to the optical axis in accordance with the distance from the observation object, so that the focus adjustment or zooming operation and the parallax correction can be performed in a single manner. The binocular magnifier can be made light and small, and the mechanism can be simplified and manufactured at low cost.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. The binocular magnifier 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 11, objective lens groups 20L and 20R, a connecting plate 32, and guide shafts 31L and 31R, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, for example. And a slider 34, a screw screw 35, a motor 36, an autofocus device, an erecting prism 41L, 41R (here, a Polo I prism is used), and eyepiece groups 42L, 42R. .

  The housing 11 includes a main body 12 that holds a screw screw 35, a motor 36, a lens guide shaft 37, a cam plate 38, an automatic focusing device, and the like, right and left erecting prisms 41L and 41R, and eyepiece lens groups 42L and 42R. It consists of rotating parts 13L and 13R that hold etc.

  The two objective lens groups 20L and 20R each include a plurality of lenses 21 and objective lens mounts 22L and 22R that hold the lenses 21. The objective lens mounts 22L, 22R are provided with sliding portions 25L, 25R, 26L, 26R.

  The lens guide shaft 37 is moved in the front-rear direction along the screw screw 35 by the slider 34. The sliding portions 25L and 25R slide on the lens guide shaft 37 and hold the objective lens mounts 22L and 22R movably along the lens guide shaft 37.

  The cam plate 38 is provided with cam surfaces 38L and 38R serving as guides for moving the left and right objective lens groups 20L and 20R back and forth. The shape of the cam grooves 38L and 38R is preferably a curved shape represented by the following formula (9).

  The urging member 27 is an elastic member such as a spring, and both ends thereof are fixed to the sliding portions 25L and 25R in a state where the urging member 27 is extended beyond the natural length. Accordingly, the sliding portions 25L and 25R are attracted to each other by the tension of the biasing member 27. Accordingly, the tops 26L and 26R are urged toward and contact with the cam surfaces 38L and 38R, respectively. Therefore, when the lens guide shaft 37 is moved in the front-rear direction along the screw screw by the slider 34, the objective lens groups 20L and 20R are moved along the cam surfaces 38L and 38R, respectively.

  The slider 34 is screwed into the screw screw 35. The slider 34 moves back and forth along the screw screw 35 by rotating the screw screw 35. The screw screw 35 is disposed on the main body 12 of the housing 11 in the front-rear direction. A motor 36 that rotates the screw screw 35 is provided at the rear end of the screw screw 35 and is held by the main body 12 of the housing 11.

  The automatic focusing device measures the distance from the observation object of the binocular magnifier 10 and drives the motor 36 to move the objective lens groups 20L and 20R back and forth to adjust the focus.

  The rotating parts 13L and 13R are rotatably provided on the rotating shafts 14L and 14R of the main body part 12. The rotation shafts 14L and 14R are provided on the rear side of the extension line of the optical axes of the objective lens groups 20L and 20R positioned at the rearmost position. By rotating the left and right rotating parts 13L and 13R with respect to the main body part 12, the optical positional relationship between the erecting prisms 41L and 41R and the eyepiece lens groups 42L and 42R and the objective lens groups 20L and 20R is maintained. However, the distance between the left and right eyepiece lens groups 42L and 42R can be adjusted to the left and right eye widths of the observer.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the erecting prisms 41 </ b> L and 41 </ b> R (Polo I type prisms) are configured by combining a left / right reversing prism 41 a and a vertical reversing prism 41 b. The erecting prisms 41L and 41R reflect the light incident from the objective lens groups 20L and 20R twice by the left / right reversing prism 41a, and are reversed twice by the vertical reversing prism 41b. The objective image is formed as an inverted image that is inverted vertically and horizontally with the real image of the observation object, and can be made incident on the eyepiece lens groups 42L and 42R as an erect image that is inverted vertically and horizontally by the erecting prisms 41L and 41R. .

  Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, a Polo II-type prism in which three prisms 41c, 41d, and 41e are combined may be used as the erecting prisms 41L and 41R. The binocular magnifier 10 can be shortened in the front-rear direction by using the Polo I prism, but the binocular magnifier 10 having a cleaner shape in the lateral direction can be obtained by using the Polo II prism.

  The magnification of the objective lens groups 20L and 20R is determined by (optical path length from the objective lens groups 20L and 20R to the image plane of the observer's eyes) / (optical path length from the objective lens groups 20L and 20R to the observation object). Therefore, by using the erecting prisms 41L and 41R, the optical path can be lengthened without extending the front-rear length of the binocular magnifier 10.

  The eyepiece groups 42L and 42R form erect images that have passed through the erecting prisms 41L and 41R, on the left and right eyes of the observer.

  Next, the focus adjustment operation by the binocular magnifier 10 will be described. First, the autofocus device 37 measures the distance from the observation object of the binocular magnifier 10 and drives the motor 36. When the screw screw 35 is rotated by the motor 36, the slider 34 screwed to the screw screw 35 moves back and forth together with the connecting plate 32 held by the slider 34.

  Since the sliding pieces 24L and 24R of the objective lens mounts 22L and 22R are slidingly engaged with the guide grooves 33L and 33R of the connecting plate 32, the objective lens mounts 22L and 22R are pulled back and forth by the connecting plate 32, and the objective lens The groups 20L and 20R are moved along the guide shafts 31L and 31R toward the center of the front part or to the left or right side of the rear part.

  When observing an observation object with the binocular magnifier 10 attached to the observer's head, if the observation object is far away, the left and right objective lens groups 20L and 20R are located on the left and right sides of the rear part ( The two-dot chain line in FIG. 1). At this time, since the incident light from the observation object to the left and right objective lens groups 20L and 20R can be regarded as almost parallel, there is almost no parallax.

  However, when observing an observation object close to the binocular magnifier 10 in an enlarged manner, the difference in the incident angle from the observation object to the left and right objective lens groups 20L and 20R becomes large, and the parallax becomes large. At this time, the left and right objective lens groups 20L and 20R are moved forward to adjust the focus and move closer to the left and right directions, thereby reducing the incident angle of the light from the object to the objective lens groups 20L and 20R and correcting the parallax. To do. The principle of performing focus adjustment and parallax correction simultaneously will be described below.

  An image of an object located on the center line of a plurality of optical axes is formed at the center of the field of view when it is at an infinite distance from the objective lens, but as shown in FIG. , Formed at a position displaced from the center of the visual field by a distance mw. Here, w is the distance between the center lines of both optical axes of the left and right objective lenses and the respective optical axes at the position where the observation object is at infinity, and m is the lateral magnification.

  In order to avoid this field shift, the object lens can be shifted in the direction of the center line of the plurality of optical axes by a distance d, so that an object image can be formed at the center of the field as shown in FIG.

式（１）に式（２）を代入して

対物レンズの焦点距離をｆとすると、レンズ結像式より、

が成り立つ。なお、Ａ＝∞のときＢ＝ｆとなる。対物レンズのＡ＝∞（Ｂ＝ｆ）における位置からの光軸方向への繰出し距離をｘとすると、

式（５）を式（２）に代入して

また式（５）を式（４）に代入して

式（７）を式（６）に代入して、

式（８）を式（３）に代入して

ｗ、ｆは定数であるから、ｄとｘとの関係は図８に実線で示すグラフのようになる。 Here, assuming that the distance between the object and the objective lens is A and the distance between the objective lens and the imaging plane is B, equations (1) and (2) are established from FIG.

Substituting equation (2) into equation (1)

If the focal length of the objective lens is f,

Holds. When A = ∞, B = f. When the extension distance in the optical axis direction from the position at A = ∞ (B = f) of the objective lens is x,

Substituting equation (5) into equation (2)

Substituting equation (5) into equation (4)

Substituting equation (7) into equation (6),

Substituting equation (8) into equation (3)

Since w and f are constants, the relationship between d and x is as shown by a solid line in FIG.

  When the amount of change in x is small, the relationship between d and x can be approximated to a straight line as shown by a broken line in FIG. Since the human eye has an adjustment capability, even if the trajectory of the objective lens is not exactly the curve of Equation (9), the error can be imposed on the observer's adjustment capability by linear approximation.

  In the case of linear approximation, the approximation error is preferably smaller than the theoretical value. The human eye has a high ability to adjust inward, and if the shift amount is more negative than the theoretical value, it can be corrected by making a shift. On the other hand, when the shift amount is larger than the theoretical value, adjustment is extremely inferior because adjustment is performed in the direction of the opening.

  As the objective lens groups 20L and 20R are moved forward and moved closer to the observation object in this way, the left and right objective lens groups 20L and 20R approach the left and right directions, so that focus adjustment and parallax correction can be performed simultaneously. .

  According to the present embodiment, focus adjustment and parallax correction can be performed simultaneously by moving the objective lens groups 20L and 20R along the cam surfaces 38L and 38R. The shape of the cam surfaces 38L and 38R may be a shape obtained by linearly approximating the above equation (9). However, by using the curved surface shape indicated by the above equation (9), the error when the linear approximation is performed can be observed by the observer. Thus, the burden on the observer is further reduced.

  Further, since the tops 26L and 26R for guiding the left and right objective lens groups 20L and 20R are brought into contact with the top surfaces 38L and 38R by the biasing member 27, the cam plate 38 can be made small.

  In the above-described embodiments, the case where the objective lens groups 20L and 20R are moved back and forth as the driving lens is described for focus adjustment. However, the zooming operation is performed by moving the objective lens groups 20L and 20R. You may apply.

  In addition to the objective lens groups 20L and 20R, a drive lens for performing focus adjustment or zooming operation may be provided. In this case, the parallax correction can be performed simultaneously with the focus adjustment or the zooming operation by moving the driving lens in the direction of moving to the left or right as in the objective lens groups 20L and 20R.

  Further, the binocular magnifier 10 of the present invention may have other optical systems such as for video shooting in addition to two symmetrical optical systems for observation with both eyes. It goes without saying that other specific detailed structures can be changed as appropriate.

It is a figure which shows the example of a form of the binocular magnifier of this invention, and is a top view. It is a front view of the binocular magnifier of FIG. It is a figure which shows the optical system of the binocular magnifier of FIG.1 and FIG.2, and is a perspective view. (A) is a plan view and (b) is a front view. It is a figure which shows the example of the other optical system of the binocular magnifier of this invention, and is a perspective view. (A) is a plan view and (b) is a front view. It is a figure explaining the principle which performs focus adjustment and parallax correction simultaneously. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the shift distance d to the center direction of an objective lens, and the feeding distance x to an optical axis direction.

Explanation of symbols

10 Binocular Magnifier 20L, 20R Objective Lens Group 34 Slider 35 Screw Screw 36 Motor 37 Lens Guide Shaft 38 Cam Plates 38L, 38R Cam Surface

Claims (3)

In a binocular magnifying glass having two symmetrical optical systems that magnify the image of the front observation object, the screw screw arranged with the axis line in the front-rear direction and the screw screw rotated according to the distance from the observation object A motor to be engaged, a slider that is screwed into the screw screw and moves back and forth by rotation thereof, a lens guide shaft that is held by the slider, and arranged in front of the device, and is predetermined from the front center direction to the rear side. A cam plate having a symmetrical cam-shaped side surface provided in a curved shape, and slidable along the side surface and slidable along the side surface and movable in the left-right direction with respect to the lens guide shaft and left and right drive lens attached to,
The binoculars characterized in that the left and right drive lenses perform focus adjustment or zooming operation by moving symmetrically along the cam-shaped side surface and in an oblique direction with respect to the optical axis according to the distance from the observation object. Magnifier. The drive lens moves toward the center of the front along the cam-shaped side as it approaches the observation object, and toward the rear side along the cam-shaped side as it moves away from the observation object. The binocular magnifier according to claim 1 , wherein the binocular magnifier moves. The left and right drive lenses are objective lenses,
The binocular magnifier according to claim 1 or 2 , which moves according to the following formula.

Here, d is a shift distance from the position when the observation object of the left and right objective lenses is at infinity to the center line direction of both optical axes,
w is the distance between each optical axis and the center line of both optical axes of the left and right objective lenses at the position where the observation object is at infinity,
x is a feeding distance in the optical axis direction of the objective lens from the position when the observation object is at infinity,
f is the focal length of the objective lens.

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