JP4355486B2 - Unshaped refractory for waste melting furnace and waste melting furnace lined with it - Google Patents

Unshaped refractory for waste melting furnace and waste melting furnace lined with it Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4355486B2
JP4355486B2 JP2002370688A JP2002370688A JP4355486B2 JP 4355486 B2 JP4355486 B2 JP 4355486B2 JP 2002370688 A JP2002370688 A JP 2002370688A JP 2002370688 A JP2002370688 A JP 2002370688A JP 4355486 B2 JP4355486 B2 JP 4355486B2
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Prior art keywords
refractory
melting furnace
waste melting
raw material
corrosion resistance
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JP2004196637A (en
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泰邦 田中
利幸 鈴木
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Krosaki Harima Corp
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Krosaki Harima Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、廃棄物溶融炉用不定形耐火物およびそれを内張りした廃棄物溶融炉に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、廃棄物の発生量は増加の一途をたどり、その処理は大きな社会問題となっている。廃棄物の埋め立て処理には膨大な土地面積が必要であり、その土地の確保が容易でない。従来は焼却炉によって廃棄物の減容化を図っているが、その焼却灰を埋め立てる土地すら確保が困難な状況にある。そこで、廃棄物のさらなる減容化のために、廃棄物を直接溶融するガス化溶融炉あるいは廃棄物の焼却灰を溶融する灰溶融炉が出現している。
【0003】
廃棄物溶融炉は長期にわたり連続運転され、しかもその操業温度は1300℃以上の超高温である。また、炉内容物のスラグはCaO/SiO重量比が0.5〜1.5の低塩基度であり、しかもKO、NaOに代表されるアルカリ成分の含有量が多く、内張りの耐火物にとって過酷な使用条件となっている。
【0004】
特に塩基性耐火原料あるいは中性耐火原料を含む耐火物が、この低塩基度のスラグに対して耐食性に劣る。また、低塩基度のスラグは粘性が低く、かつスラグのアルカリ成分が耐火物組織へ浸透し易いことが原因し、耐火物の耐食性を低下させている。
【0005】
廃棄物溶融炉に使用される耐火物は、定形耐火物と不定形耐火物に大別される。定形耐火物の施工はれんが積み作業であり、重労働でしかも高度な技術を要するため、近年は不定形耐火物による内張りが汎用されている。
【0006】
廃棄物溶融炉用の不定形耐火物として従来使用されている材質は、酸化クロムを含むアルミナ−酸化クロム質不定形耐火物である。この材質はアルミナの容積安定性と酸化クロムの耐スラグ性とが相まって優れた耐食性を示す。しかし酸化クロムが人体に有害な六価クロムを生成し、スラグ及び使用後耐火物の廃棄物が環境汚染を招く問題があった。
【0007】
そこで、酸化クロムを含まず、しかも耐食性に優れた廃棄物溶融炉用不定形耐火物が提案されている。例えばZrO2-SiC質(例えば特許文献1)、ZrB2-SiC質(例えば特許文献2)、ZrO2-ZrB2に-SiC質(例えば特許文献3)、MgO-Al23・MgO質(例えば特許文献4)、MgO-Al23・MgO-ZrO2質(例えば特許文献5)、Al23-MgO質 (例えば特許文献6)である。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開2000-239072号公報(1-7頁)
【0009】
【特許文献2】
特開2000-327436号公報(1-6頁)
【0010】
【特許文献3】
特開2000-335969号公報(1-7頁)
【0011】
【特許文献4】
特開2001-253782号公報(1-7頁)
【0012】
【特許文献5】
特開2002-128573号公報(1-6頁)
【0013】
【特許文献6】
特開2001-153321号公報(1-9頁)
【0014】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、前記の従来の材質はいずれも十分な耐食性が得られない。ZrO2、MgOの成分が低塩基度のスラグに溶出し易く、しかも耐アルカリ侵食性に劣る。また、ZrB2 炭化珪素を含む材質では、廃棄物溶融炉が酸化雰囲気下での操業のためにZrB2、炭化珪素成分が酸化し、耐食性を低下させる。
【0015】
本発明は廃棄物溶融炉の内張りとして、酸化クロムを実質的に含まなくとも、酸化クロム含有の例えばアルミナ−酸化クロム質に匹敵する耐用性の不定形耐火物を得ることを目的とする。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の不定形耐火物は、質量割合において酸化スズをSnO2換算で1〜30%含むことにより、廃棄物溶融炉の内張りとして極めて優れた耐食性を発揮する。酸化スズ含有溶融体の粘性、熱力学的データが殆ど無いことから、酸化スズによる本発明の耐食性向上の機構は必ずしも明確ではないが、本発明者らの実験、観察から以下のとおりと考えられる。
【0017】
例えばアルミナ原料を主材とした不定形耐火物は、廃棄物溶融炉の低塩基度のスラグに対して容易に溶損されるが、これに酸化スズを本発明で限定した範囲内で添加した場合、耐スラグ侵食性が大幅に向上する。
【0018】
廃棄物溶融炉の低塩基度スラグは低粘性であるが、耐火物との接触部位において耐火物に含まれる酸化スズがスラグに溶解することによってスラグの粘性が高くなる。そして、スラグの粘性が高いことで耐火物表面に付着し、耐火物表面に高粘性スラグの被膜を形成して、耐火物組織の保護と耐火物組織へのアルカリ成分の侵入を阻止することにより、耐食性が向上する。
【0019】
酸化スズは一般の耐火性原料に比べて融点が低く、技術常識からすると操業条件の厳しい廃棄物溶融炉用耐火物の配合物としては不適合である。したがって、酸化スズを本発明で限定した範囲内での使用により、廃棄物溶融炉特有の低塩基度スラグの粘性を高めることで得られる耐食性向上の効果は、従来技術からは決して容易に予測できるものではない。
【0020】
本発明の不定形耐火物における耐火性骨材は、例えばアルミナ原料、アルミナ−シリカ原料、シリカ原料、スピネル原料、マグネシア原料から選ばれる一種または二種以上を主体とするが、この耐火性原料をアルミナ主体とした場合、酸化スズ添加による耐食性向上の効果は、より顕著なものとなる。これは、アルミナ原料が容積安定性に優れしかも酸化スズと比較的反応し難いことから、スラグの粘性を高める酸化スズが耐火物組織から溶出し易いことが考えられる。
【0021】
また、本発明の不定形耐火物は酸化クロムを実質的に含まない材質とした場合でも、従来の酸化クロム含有品に匹敵する耐食性を得ることができる。酸化クロムを実質的に含まない材質にすることで、人体に有害な六価クロムの生成もなく、環境汚染の問題が解消される。
【0022】
図1はアルミナ質不定形耐火物を例に挙げ、酸化スズの割合と耐火物の耐食性との関係を示したグラフである。ここでは後述する実施例2の配合組成の不定形耐火物をベースとし、酸化スズの割合を変化させて耐食性を測定した。また、この耐食性の測定は実施例の欄で示した試験方法に基づいて行い、酸化スズを含まない材質の侵食寸法を100とした指数で表した。
【0023】
同グラフから、酸化スズを本発明で限定した割合で含む不定形耐火物が、廃棄物溶融炉のスラグに対して耐食性に優れることが確認される。
【0024】
【発明の実施の形態】
酸化スズは、酸化第一スズ(SnO)と酸化第二スズ(SnO2)とがある。本発明では、廃棄物溶融炉の操業条件である酸化雰囲気で安定な酸化第二スズの使用が好ましい。また、その純度は少量添加の場合でも効果的に作用するように高純度のものが好ましく、SnO2換算で例えば80質量%以上、さらに好ましくは95質量%以上である。
【0025】
不定形耐火物に占める酸化スズの割合は、質量割合におい1〜30%である。これに合わせ、不定形耐火物製造の際には酸化スズを耐火性配合物に占める割合1〜30%使用する。
【0026】
酸化スズの割合が少ないと本発明の耐食性向上の効果が得られない。多過ぎると酸化スズが耐火性原料あるいは結合剤成分と反応し、低融点物質を多量に生成して耐食性が低下する。
【0027】
酸化スズの粒子径は、酸化スズ使用による本発明の耐食性向上の効果を十分なものにするために、JISふるい目開きにおいて、例えば1mm以下、さらに好ましくは0.5mm以下の微粒を主体とするのが好ましい。酸化スズの使用量が多い場合は、不定形耐火物の密充填化を図るために、耐火性配合物全体の粒度構成のバランスから1mmを超える粒径のものを組み合わせて使用してもよい。
【0028】
本発明で耐火性原料として使用するアルミナ原料の具体例は、焼結アルミナ、電融アルミナ、ばん土けつ岩、ボーキサイト等である。中でも、Al純度の高い焼結アルミナ、電融アルミナ等の合成品が好ましい。微粉部には仮焼アルミナを使用してもよい。
【0029】
耐火性原料はこのアルミナ原料を主体に使用すると、本発明の不定形耐火物は酸化スズとの関係において、耐食性向上が顕著である。具体的には耐火性配合物に占める割合で、化学組成においてAl 65質量%以上である。なお、このAl 成分は耐火性原料だけでなく、例えばアルミナセメント等も供給源となる。
【0030】
Al 成分の供給源となるアルミナ原料以外の耐火性原料としては、例えばジルコニア原料あるいはマグネシア原料を使用することができる。
【0031】
Al 成分の供給源となるアルミナ原料としては、アルミナ−シリカ質原料も使用でき、その具体例は、電融ムライト、焼結ムライトのほか、天然ムライト、ろう石等である。また、アンダリュサイト、シリマナイト、カイアナイトなどを主要鉱物とする原料も使用できる。
【0032】
また、Al 成分の供給源となるアルミナ原料としては、MgO・Al 系スピネル原料も使用でき、その具体例は、例えば電融スピネルまたは焼結スピネルである。経済面から、バナジウム精錬時に副生するスピネル質スラグを使用してもよい。微粉部には仮焼スピネルを使用してもよい。このスピネルの成分(MgO・Al)はスピネル理論値のものに限らず、例えばAl値が多いアルミナリッチスピネルでもよい。
【0033】
ジルコニア原料としては、ジルコン、ジルコニアがある。ジルコニアの具体例は例えばCaO、MgO、Y等を添加した安定化ジルコニアあるいは部分安定化ジルコニアである。
【0034】
マグネシア原料は、合成品としての電融または焼結のマグネア、マグネシア-カルシアが挙げられる。天然マグネシアでもよい。また、微粉として軽焼マグネシアを使用することもできる。アルミナ原料とこのマグネシア原料を併用した場合は、耐火物使用時の高温下においてスピネルを生成し、そのスピネル生成に伴う体積膨張で耐火物組織を緻密化し、スラグ浸透を防止して耐火物の耐食性がさらに向上する。
【0035】
マグネシア原料は熱膨張性の大きな耐火原料のため、不定形耐火物の耐スポーリング性を損なわないために、その使用量は耐火性配合物に占める割合で20質量%以下が好ましい。
【0036】
本発明の不定形耐火物は実質的に酸化クロムを含まない材質とした場合、環境汚染の問題を解決することができる。ここでの実質的に含まないとは、酸化クロムを全く含まない場合の他、例えば酸化クロムを不可避的不純物としての含有、さらにはマグネシア原料の消化防止剤としての微量添加がある。
【0037】
従来の酸化クロム含有不定形耐火物における酸化クロムの含有量は10〜60質量%である。これに対し、マグネシア原料の消化防止剤として使用する酸化クロムは、マグネシア原料中に占める割合で通常1〜3質量%である。しかも、マグネシア原料の好適な使用量は20質量%以下であり、この場合の酸化クロム量を耐火性配合物に占める割合に換算すると0.6質量%以下である。このように、マグネシア原料の消化防止剤としての酸化クロムの使用はごく微量であり、環境汚染への影響も殆どない。
【0038】
また、本発明の不定形耐火物はさらに酸化クロムを添加してもよいが、前記したように酸化クロムは環境汚染の問題がある。したがって、酸化クロムを添加する場合でも、その量は極力少なくすることが好ましい。
【0039】
耐火性原料の粒子径は、例えば最大粒子径を3〜10mmとし、粗粒、中粒、微粒に適宜調整する。また、不定形耐火物の耐スポーリング性の付与を目的として、前記の粗粒、中粒、微粒に加え、例えば粒径10〜50mmの粗大粒径の耐火骨材を組み合わせてもよい。この耐火性原料は、耐火物使用後品、耐火物廃材等を粉砕し、粒径を調整したものを使用してもよい。
【0040】
本発明の効果を損わない程度であれば、耐火性原料として以上の他にも、けい石、揮発シリカ、粘土、炭素、ガラス、消石灰、窒化珪素、窒化珪素鉄等を例えば20質量%以下、さらに好ましくは10質量%以下の範囲で使用してもよい。特に揮発シリカは耐火物施工時の流動性付与に優れ、施工体組織の緻密化に効果がある。
【0041】
結合剤としてはアルミナセメントを使用する。結合剤の使用量は耐火性配合物に占める割合で0.5〜10質量%が好ましい。
【0042】
アルミナセメントは施工体組織の強度付与に優れている。また、それに含まれるAl23成分が酸化スズと反応し難く、しかも超微粉のためにその酸化スズと反応し難いAl23成分が不定形耐火物組織のマトリックスに介在し、耐火物使用時には酸化スズが溶出し易い。これにより、結合剤としてアルミナセメントの使用は酸化スズによる本発明の耐食性向上に効果的に作用する。
【0043】
分散剤は不定形耐火物の施工時の流動性を付与する。具体例な種類は何ら限定されるものではなく、例えばトリポリリン酸ソーダ、ヘキサメタリン酸ソーダ、ウルトラポリリン酸ソーダ、酸性ヘキサメタリン酸ソーダ、ホウ酸ソーダ、炭酸ソーダ、ポリメタリン酸塩などの無機塩、クエン酸ソーダ、酒石酸ソーダ、ポリアクリル酸ソーダ、スルホン酸ソーダ、ポリカルボン酸塩、β−ナフタレンスルホン酸塩類、ナフタリンスルフォン酸、カルボキシル基含有ポリエーテル系分散剤等である。添加量は耐火性配合物100質量%に対し、外掛けで好ましくは0.01〜1質量%、さらに好ましくは0.03〜0.5質量%である。
【0044】
以上の耐火性原料、結合剤および分散剤以外にも、必要によっては不定形耐火物の添加物として知られている、乾燥促進剤、Al、Si等の金属粉、金属ファイバー、有機ファイバー、セラミックファイバー、塩基性乳酸アルミニウム、酸化防止剤、増粘剤、硬化剤、硬化遅延剤等を添加してもよい。
【0045】
本発明の不定形耐火物の施工は、流し込み、圧入、吹付け等によって行われる。吹付けでは結合剤の一部または全部あるいは急結剤等をノズル部で添加して施工してもよい。施工水分は不定形耐火物全体に対して例えば3〜13質量%、さらに好ましくは3〜7質量%とする。また、この施工は炉壁等の新規な施工に限らず、補修のための継ぎ足し施工がある。
【0046】
流し込み施工では型枠を使用して施工する。施工水分は不定形耐火物全体に対して例えば3〜7質量%が好ましい。施工時には振動を付与して充填化を促進させることが好ましい。施工後は養生および乾燥を行う。
【0047】
施工は廃棄物溶融炉に対する直接の施工の他、別の場所で予め施工して得たプレキャスト品を使用してもよい。この直接の施工とプレキャスト品の両者の組合わせてもよい。
【0048】
廃棄物溶融炉の内張りは不定形耐火物で施工される場合においても、部分的には耐火れんが使用されることがある。また、不定形耐火物の種類もスラグと直接接触しない場所には断熱不定形耐火物等の異なる材質の不定形耐火物が使用されることもある。本発明の不定形耐火物は、このようなゾーン毎に異なる材質の耐火物が使用される廃棄物溶融炉においては、最も使用条件の厳しい部位の内張りとしてその優れた耐食性の効果を発揮する。
【0049】
【実施例】
以下に本発明実施例とその比較例について、その配合組成と試験結果を示す。試験方法は以下のとおりである。なお、本試験はいずれも施工水分4質量%添加し、混練後、振動を付与した型枠に流し込み、成形した。次いで養生・乾燥し、試験サンプルを得た。
【0050】
曲げ強さ:40×40×160mmの試験サンプルをJIS R2205に準じて測定した。
【0051】
耐食性:並形レンガの形状に成形した試験サンプルを、回転侵食炉に内張りして耐食性を測定した。ガス化溶融炉から排出したスラグ(CaO/SiO:0.74)を侵食剤とし、1500℃×20時間侵食させた後、侵食寸法を測定し、比較例1の侵食寸法を100とした指数で表した。数値が小さいほど耐食性に優れることを示す。
【0052】
実機試験:1日あたりのゴミ処理量が100tのガス化溶融炉に内張りし、12ヶ月間の使用後において、損耗速度(mm/月)を測定した。このガス化溶融炉の操業温度は1400℃、そのスラグ成分は質量%で、SiO:42.8、CaO:31.7、Al:12.4、Fe:4.8、NaO:3.7、(CaO/SiO:0.74)であった。
【0053】
【表1】

Figure 0004355486
【0054】
【表2】
Figure 0004355486
試験結果が示すとおり、本発明の実施例はいずれも優れた耐食性を示す。その耐食性は酸化クロム含有のアルミナ−酸化クロム質の比較例にくらべても遜色がない。また、結合剤にアルミナセメントを使用した本発明の実施例は、結合剤にシリカゾルを使用した参考例にくらべて耐食性に優れていることがわかる
【0055】
これに対し、酸化スズを添加していない比較例1、酸化スズ添加量が多過ぎる比較例2は耐食性に劣る。アルミナ−炭化系素質の比較例3、アルミナ−マグネシア質の比較例4は、アルミナ−ジルコニア質の比較例5についても、本発明の実施例に比較して耐食性に劣る。
【0056】
比較例はアルミナ−酸化クロム質不定形耐火物である。良好な耐食性を示すものの、酸化クロムを10質量%含み、使用後の耐火物中に環境上有害な六価クロムが多量に生成する。
【0057】
図2は、酸化スズを10質量%含む実施例2の不定形耐火物をベースにアルミナ原料の増減で耐火性配合物中のAl23成分の割合を変化させ、Al23の割合と不定形耐火物の耐食性との関係を試験し、その結果をグラフに示したものである。また、耐食性は実施例2(Al:88.7%)の侵食寸法を100とした指数で表した。
【0058】
同グラフの結果から、酸化スズを本発明の範囲内で含む不定形耐火物の耐食性において、Al23成分の割合が55質量%以上、さらには60質量%以上の材質が好ましいことが確認される。
【0059】
また、以上の本発明実施例での優れた耐食性向上の効果は実機試験においても同様である。
【0060】
【発明の効果】
廃棄物溶融炉特有のスラグ成分、超高温操業に対し、本発明の耐火物は以上の試験結果が示とおり、優れた耐食性を発揮する。また、本発明は実質的に酸化クロムを含まない材質であっても、酸化クロムを含む材質に匹敵する耐用性を示す。
【0061】
ガス化溶融炉、灰溶融炉等の廃棄物溶融炉は廃棄物の減容化に効果的である反面、その過酷な操業条件のために高耐用の耐火物が求められる。本発明はこれに対応できる耐火物として、また環境面で好適な耐火物として、その産業的価値はきわめて高い。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】アルミナ質不定形耐火物において、酸化スズの割合と耐火物の耐食性との関係を示したグラフである。
【図2】耐火性配合物中のAl23の割合と不定形耐火物の耐食性との関係を示したグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an irregular refractory for a waste melting furnace and a waste melting furnace lined with the refractory.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the amount of waste generated has been increasing and its treatment has become a major social problem. Landfill disposal of waste requires an enormous land area, and it is not easy to secure the land. Conventionally, the volume of waste is reduced by an incinerator, but it is difficult to secure even the land where the incinerated ash is reclaimed. Therefore, in order to further reduce the volume of waste, a gasification melting furnace for directly melting waste or an ash melting furnace for melting incineration ash of waste has appeared.
[0003]
The waste melting furnace is operated continuously for a long time, and its operating temperature is an extremely high temperature of 1300 ° C or higher. Moreover, the slag of the furnace contents has a low basicity with a CaO / SiO 2 weight ratio of 0.5 to 1.5, and also contains a large amount of alkali components typified by K 2 O and Na 2 O. It is a severe use condition.
[0004]
In particular, a refractory material containing a basic refractory raw material or a neutral refractory raw material is inferior in corrosion resistance to this low basicity slag. In addition, low basicity slag has low viscosity, and the alkaline component of the slag easily penetrates into the refractory structure, thereby reducing the corrosion resistance of the refractory.
[0005]
The refractories used in the waste melting furnace are roughly classified into regular refractories and irregular refractories. The construction of the fixed refractory is a work of building bricks, and it is a heavy labor and requires high technology. In recent years, lining with an irregular refractory has been widely used.
[0006]
A material conventionally used as an amorphous refractory for a waste melting furnace is an alumina-chromium oxide amorphous refractory containing chromium oxide. This material exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in combination with the volume stability of alumina and the slag resistance of chromium oxide. However, chromium oxide produces hexavalent chromium which is harmful to the human body, and there is a problem that waste of slag and refractory after use causes environmental pollution.
[0007]
Therefore, an amorphous refractory for waste melting furnaces that does not contain chromium oxide and has excellent corrosion resistance has been proposed. For example ZrO 2 -SiC electrolyte (e.g. Patent Document 1), ZrB 2 -SiC electrolyte (e.g. Patent Document 2), ZrO 2 -ZrB 2 to -SiC quality (for example, Patent Document 3), MgO-Al 2 O 3 · MgO quality (For example, Patent Document 4), MgO—Al 2 O 3 .MgO—ZrO 2 (for example, Patent Document 5), and Al 2 O 3 —MgO (for example, Patent Document 6).
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-239072 (page 1-7)
[0009]
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2000-327436 A (page 1-6)
[0010]
[Patent Document 3]
JP 2000-335969 A (page 1-7)
[0011]
[Patent Document 4]
JP2001-253782 (page 1-7)
[0012]
[Patent Document 5]
JP 2002-128573 A (page 1-6)
[0013]
[Patent Document 6]
JP 2001-153321 A (pages 1-9)
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, none of the conventional materials can provide sufficient corrosion resistance. The components of ZrO 2 and MgO are easily eluted in slag having a low basicity, and are inferior in alkali erosion resistance. Further, ZrB 2, in the material containing silicon carbide, waste melting furnace is ZrB 2 for operation in an oxidizing atmosphere, the silicon carbide component is oxidized, reducing the corrosion resistance.
[0015]
An object of the present invention is to obtain an amorphous refractory having durability comparable to, for example, alumina-chromium oxide containing chromium oxide, as a lining of a waste melting furnace, even if it is substantially free of chromium oxide.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Monolithic refractory of the present invention contains 1% to 30% of tin oxide in terms of SnO 2 in a mass ratio, it exhibits excellent corrosion resistance as a lining of the waste melting furnace. Since there is almost no viscosity and thermodynamic data of the tin oxide-containing melt, the mechanism of the corrosion resistance improvement of the present invention by tin oxide is not necessarily clear, but it is considered as follows from the experiments and observations of the present inventors. .
[0017]
For example, an amorphous refractory mainly composed of an alumina raw material is easily melted down by low basicity slag in a waste melting furnace, but tin oxide is added within the range limited in the present invention. In this case, the slag erosion resistance is greatly improved.
[0018]
The low basicity slag of the waste melting furnace has a low viscosity, but the tin oxide contained in the refractory dissolves in the slag at the contact site with the refractory, so that the viscosity of the slag increases. And by sticking to the surface of the refractory due to the high viscosity of the slag, forming a high-viscosity slag coating on the surface of the refractory, protecting the refractory structure and preventing the entry of alkali components into the refractory structure Corrosion resistance is improved.
[0019]
Tin oxide has a lower melting point than ordinary refractory raw materials, and it is not suitable as a blend for refractories for waste melting furnaces with severe operating conditions, based on common general technical knowledge. Therefore, the effect of improving the corrosion resistance obtained by increasing the viscosity of the low basicity slag unique to the waste melting furnace by using tin oxide within the range limited in the present invention can be easily predicted from the prior art. It is not a thing.
[0020]
The refractory aggregate in the amorphous refractory according to the present invention is mainly composed of one or two or more kinds selected from, for example, an alumina raw material, an alumina-silica raw material, a silica raw material, a spinel raw material, and a magnesia raw material. In the case of mainly alumina, the effect of improving the corrosion resistance by adding tin oxide becomes more remarkable. This is presumably because the alumina raw material is excellent in volume stability and relatively difficult to react with tin oxide, so that tin oxide that increases the viscosity of slag is likely to elute from the refractory structure.
[0021]
Moreover, even when the amorphous refractory according to the present invention is made of a material that does not substantially contain chromium oxide, corrosion resistance comparable to conventional chromium oxide-containing products can be obtained. By making the material substantially free of chromium oxide, there is no generation of hexavalent chromium harmful to the human body and the problem of environmental pollution is solved.
[0022]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of tin oxide and the corrosion resistance of a refractory, taking an alumina amorphous refractory as an example. Here, the corrosion resistance was measured by changing the ratio of tin oxide based on the amorphous refractory having the composition of Example 2 described later. Further, this corrosion resistance measurement was performed based on the test method shown in the column of Examples, and was expressed as an index with the erosion dimension of a material not containing tin oxide as 100.
[0023]
From the graph, it is confirmed that the amorphous refractory containing tin oxide in the ratio limited in the present invention is excellent in corrosion resistance against the slag of the waste melting furnace.
[0024]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Tin oxide includes stannous oxide (SnO) and stannic oxide (SnO 2 ). In the present invention, it is preferable to use stannic oxide which is stable in an oxidizing atmosphere which is the operating condition of the waste melting furnace. Further, the purity is preferably high purity so that even if added in a small amount, it is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more in terms of SnO 2 .
[0025]
The proportion of tin oxide occupying the monolithic refractory is 1% to 30% Te by weight percentage smell. Correspondingly, tin oxide is used in an amount of 1 to 30% in the refractory composition in the production of the irregular refractory.
[0026]
When the proportion of tin oxide is small, the effect of improving the corrosion resistance of the present invention cannot be obtained. If the amount is too large, the tin oxide reacts with the refractory raw material or the binder component to produce a large amount of a low-melting-point material, thereby reducing the corrosion resistance.
[0027]
The particle diameter of tin oxide is mainly composed of fine particles of, for example, 1 mm or less, more preferably 0.5 mm or less, in the JIS sieve opening in order to make the effect of improving the corrosion resistance of the present invention by using tin oxide sufficient. Is preferred. When the amount of tin oxide used is large, in order to close-pack the amorphous refractory, those having a particle size exceeding 1 mm may be used in combination from the balance of the particle size constitution of the entire refractory compound.
[0028]
Specific examples of the alumina raw material used as the refractory raw material in the present invention are sintered alumina, electrofused alumina, porphyry shale, bauxite and the like. Among these, synthetic products such as sintered alumina having high purity of Al 2 O 3 and fused alumina are preferable. You may use calcined alumina for a fine powder part.
[0029]
When this alumina raw material is mainly used as the refractory raw material, the amorphous refractory of the present invention has a remarkable improvement in corrosion resistance in relation to tin oxide. Specifically, it is a proportion of the refractory compound and is 65% by mass or more of Al 2 O 3 in the chemical composition . The Al 2 O 3 component is not only a refractory raw material but also a source of alumina cement, for example.
[0030]
As the refractory raw material other than the alumina raw material serving as the supply source of the Al 2 O 3 component , for example, a zirconia raw material or a magnesia raw material can be used.
[0031]
An alumina-siliceous raw material can also be used as an alumina raw material that serves as a supply source of the Al 2 O 3 component, and specific examples thereof include electrofused mullite and sintered mullite, natural mullite, wax stone, and the like. In addition, raw materials having main minerals such as andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite can also be used.
[0032]
Moreover, as an alumina raw material used as a supply source of the Al 2 O 3 component , an MgO · Al 2 O 3 spinel raw material can also be used, and specific examples thereof are, for example, a fused spinel or a sintered spinel. From the economical aspect, spinel slag produced as a by-product during vanadium refining may be used. A calcined spinel may be used for the fine powder portion. The spinel component (MgO.Al 2 O 3 ) is not limited to the theoretical value of the spinel, and may be, for example, an alumina-rich spinel having a large Al 2 O 3 value.
[0033]
Zircon and zirconia are examples of zirconia raw materials. Specific examples of zirconia are stabilized zirconia and partially stabilized zirconia to which CaO, MgO, Y 2 O 3 and the like are added.
[0034]
Examples of the magnesia raw material include electrofused or sintered magneas and magnesia-calcia as synthetic products. Natural magnesia may be used. Lightly burned magnesia can also be used as fine powder. When the alumina raw material and this magnesia raw material are used in combination, spinel is generated at a high temperature when using the refractory, and the refractory structure is densified by the volume expansion accompanying the spinel formation, preventing slag penetration and corrosion resistance of the refractory. Is further improved.
[0035]
Since the magnesia raw material is a refractory raw material having a large thermal expansion property, the amount used is preferably 20% by mass or less in terms of the proportion of the refractory compound in order not to impair the spalling resistance of the amorphous refractory.
[0036]
When the amorphous refractory of the present invention is made of a material that does not substantially contain chromium oxide, the problem of environmental pollution can be solved. The term “substantially free” as used herein includes, for example, chromium oxide as an unavoidable impurity in addition to the case where chromium oxide is not included at all, and further addition of a trace amount as a digestion inhibitor of magnesia raw material.
[0037]
The content of chromium oxide in a conventional chromium oxide-containing amorphous refractory is 10 to 60% by mass. On the other hand, the chromium oxide used as a digestion inhibitor of a magnesia raw material is 1 to 3 mass% normally in the ratio occupied in a magnesia raw material. And the suitable usage-amount of a magnesia raw material is 20 mass% or less, and it is 0.6 mass% or less when converting the amount of chromium oxide in this case into the ratio which occupies for a refractory compound. Thus, the use of chromium oxide as a digestion inhibitor for magnesia raw materials is very small and has almost no impact on environmental pollution.
[0038]
Further, the amorphous refractory of the present invention may further contain chromium oxide, but as described above, chromium oxide has a problem of environmental pollution. Therefore, even when chromium oxide is added, the amount is preferably reduced as much as possible.
[0039]
The particle diameter of the refractory raw material is appropriately adjusted to coarse particles, medium particles, and fine particles, for example, with a maximum particle size of 3 to 10 mm. Further, for the purpose of imparting the spalling resistance of the irregular refractory material, a refractory aggregate having a coarse particle diameter of, for example, 10 to 50 mm may be combined in addition to the coarse, medium and fine particles. As the refractory raw material, a product obtained by pulverizing a product after using a refractory, a refractory waste, etc., and adjusting the particle size may be used.
[0040]
As long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, in addition to the above as a refractory raw material, silica, volatile silica, clay, carbon, glass, slaked lime, silicon nitride, silicon nitride iron, etc., for example, 20% by mass or less More preferably, it may be used in the range of 10% by mass or less. In particular, volatile silica has excellent fluidity at the time of refractory construction, and is effective in densifying the construction structure.
[0041]
Alumina cement is used as the binder. The amount of the binder used is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass in the proportion of the refractory compound.
[0042]
Alumina cement is excellent in imparting strength to the structure of the construction body. In addition, the Al 2 O 3 component contained therein hardly reacts with tin oxide, and because of the ultrafine powder, the Al 2 O 3 component that does not easily react with tin oxide intervenes in the matrix of the amorphous refractory structure. During use, tin oxide tends to elute. Thus, the use of alumina cement as a binder effectively acts to improve the corrosion resistance of the present invention with tin oxide.
[0043]
The dispersant imparts fluidity during construction of the irregular refractory. Specific examples are not limited in any way. For example, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium ultrapolyphosphate, sodium acid hexametaphosphate, sodium borate, sodium carbonate, polymetaphosphate, etc., sodium citrate Sodium tartrate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium sulfonate, polycarboxylate, β-naphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonic acid, carboxyl group-containing polyether dispersant and the like. The addition amount is preferably 0.01 to 1% by mass, and more preferably 0.03 to 0.5% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the refractory compound.
[0044]
In addition to the above refractory raw materials, binders and dispersants, drying accelerators, metal powders such as Al and Si, metal fibers, organic fibers, and ceramics, which are known as additives for amorphous refractories, if necessary Fibers, basic aluminum lactate, antioxidants, thickeners, curing agents, curing retarders and the like may be added.
[0045]
Construction of the irregular refractory of the present invention is performed by pouring, press-fitting, spraying, or the like. In spraying, a part or all of the binder or a quick setting agent may be added at the nozzle portion for construction. The construction moisture is, for example, 3 to 13% by mass, more preferably 3 to 7% by mass with respect to the entire amorphous refractory. In addition, this construction is not limited to new construction such as a furnace wall, but there is addition construction for repair.
[0046]
In casting construction, use a formwork. The working moisture is preferably 3 to 7% by mass with respect to the entire amorphous refractory. It is preferable to promote filling by applying vibration during construction. Curing and drying after construction.
[0047]
As for the construction, in addition to the direct construction with respect to the waste melting furnace, a precast product obtained in advance in another place may be used. You may combine both this direct construction and a precast product.
[0048]
Even when the lining of the waste melting furnace is constructed with an irregular refractory, refractory bricks may be used in part. In addition, amorphous refractories of different materials such as heat-insulated amorphous refractories may be used in places where the types of amorphous refractories are not in direct contact with the slag. The amorphous refractory according to the present invention exerts its excellent corrosion resistance effect as a lining of a part having the most severe use conditions in a waste melting furnace in which refractories of different materials are used for each zone.
[0049]
【Example】
The blending composition and test results are shown below for the inventive examples and comparative examples. The test method is as follows. In each of these tests, 4% by mass of construction moisture was added, and after kneading, the mold was poured into a mold provided with vibration and molded. Next, it was cured and dried to obtain a test sample.
[0050]
Bending strength: 40 × 40 × 160 mm test sample was measured according to JIS R2205.
[0051]
Corrosion resistance: A test sample molded in the shape of a parallel brick was lined in a rotary erosion furnace and the corrosion resistance was measured. The slag discharged from the gasification melting furnace (CaO / SiO 2 : 0.74) was used as an erodant, and after eroding at 1500 ° C for 20 hours, the erosion dimension was measured and expressed as an index with the erosion dimension of Comparative Example 1 as 100. did. It shows that it is excellent in corrosion resistance, so that a numerical value is small.
[0052]
Actual machine test: Lined in a gasification melting furnace with a daily garbage disposal amount of 100 t, and measured the wear rate (mm / month) after 12 months of use. The operating temperature of this gasification melting furnace is 1400 ° C., and its slag component is mass%, SiO 2 : 42.8, CaO: 31.7, Al 2 O 3 : 12.4, Fe 2 O 3 : 4.8, Na 2 O: 3.7, ( CaO / SiO 2 : 0.74).
[0053]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004355486
[0054]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004355486
As the test results show, all of the examples of the present invention exhibit excellent corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance is not inferior to that of Comparative Example 6 of alumina-chromium oxide containing chromium oxide. Moreover, it turns out that the Example of this invention which uses an alumina cement for a binder is excellent in corrosion resistance compared with the reference example which uses a silica sol for a binder .
[0055]
On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 in which tin oxide is not added and Comparative Example 2 in which the amount of tin oxide added is too large are inferior in corrosion resistance. The comparative example 3 of the alumina-carbide base material and the comparative example 4 of the alumina-magnesia material are also inferior in corrosion resistance to the comparative example 5 of the alumina-zirconia material as compared with the examples of the present invention.
[0056]
Comparative Example 6 is an alumina-chromium oxide amorphous refractory. Although it exhibits good corrosion resistance, it contains 10% by mass of chromium oxide, and a large amount of hexavalent chromium harmful to the environment is produced in the refractory after use.
[0057]
2 changes the ratio of Al 2 O 3 component in refractory formulations in decreasing the alumina raw material based monolithic refractory of Example 2 containing tin oxide 10 wt%, the proportion of Al 2 O 3 The relationship between the refractory and the corrosion resistance of the amorphous refractory was tested, and the results are shown in the graph. Corrosion resistance was expressed as an index with the erosion dimension of Example 2 (Al 2 O 3 : 88.7%) as 100.
[0058]
From the results of the graph, it is confirmed that the material having an Al 2 O 3 component content of 55% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more is preferable in the corrosion resistance of the amorphous refractory containing tin oxide within the scope of the present invention. Is done.
[0059]
Further, the excellent effect of improving the corrosion resistance in the above-described embodiments of the present invention is the same in the actual machine test.
[0060]
【The invention's effect】
As shown in the above test results, the refractory of the present invention exhibits excellent corrosion resistance with respect to the slag component peculiar to the waste melting furnace and the ultra-high temperature operation. Moreover, even if this invention is a material which does not contain chromium oxide substantially, the durability equivalent to the material containing chromium oxide is shown.
[0061]
Waste melting furnaces such as gasification melting furnaces and ash melting furnaces are effective in reducing the volume of waste, but high refractory refractories are required due to severe operating conditions. The industrial value of the present invention is extremely high as a refractory that can cope with this, and as a refractory suitable for the environment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the proportion of tin oxide and the corrosion resistance of a refractory in an alumina amorphous refractory.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the proportion of Al 2 O 3 in the refractory compound and the corrosion resistance of the amorphous refractory.

Claims (6)

耐火性配合物を含む廃棄物溶融炉用不定形耐火物において、前記耐火性配合物が、当該耐火性配合物に占める質量割合において、酸化スズを1〜30%、アルミナセメントである結合剤を含むアルミナ原料をAl成分で65%以上含む廃棄物溶融炉用不定形耐火物。In an irregular refractory for a waste melting furnace containing a refractory compound, a binder that is 1 to 30% tin oxide and alumina cement in a mass ratio of the refractory compound to the refractory compound. An amorphous refractory for a waste melting furnace containing 65% or more of an alumina raw material containing Al 2 O 3 components. 前記耐火性配合物と、分散剤を含む請求項1に記載の廃棄物溶融炉用不定形耐火物。The amorphous refractory for a waste melting furnace according to claim 1, comprising the refractory compound and a dispersant. 酸化クロムを実質的に含まない請求項1または2に記載の廃棄物溶融炉用不定形耐火物。  The amorphous refractory for a waste melting furnace according to claim 1 or 2, substantially free from chromium oxide. 耐火性配合物に配合されたマグネシア原料が消化防止剤として酸化クロムを含む請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の廃棄物溶融炉用不定形耐火物。  The amorphous refractory for a waste melting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the magnesia raw material blended in the refractory blend contains chromium oxide as a digestion inhibitor. 請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の不定形耐火物を内張りした廃棄物溶融炉。  A waste melting furnace lined with the irregular refractory according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 不定形耐火物の内張りが、炉に対する直接の施工、別の場所で予め施工して得たプレキャスト品の使用、あるいはこの両者の組合わせである請求項5記載の廃棄物溶融炉。  6. The waste melting furnace according to claim 5, wherein the lining of the amorphous refractory is direct construction to the furnace, use of a precast product obtained in advance at another place, or a combination of both.
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