JP4347722B2 - Symbiosis of seaweeds such as Ryukyuusu Duck and Amamo, and methods for growing symbiotic groups - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is luchuensis Sugamo, co living seaweed such as eelgrass, and a growth method of symbiotic group things.

Conventionally, what was described in patent document 1 is known as what fixes seaweeds, such as a Ryukyuusu duck and an ammo, to the seabed. In this conventional example, the eel tree seedling is inserted into a hole penetrating the collapsible mortar block body in the vertical direction, and is fixed to the seabed by placing the block body on the seabed sand surface. The block body supports the seedlings of sea cucumbers and encourages them to settle on the seabed sand surface, and it does not affect the natural environment because it collapses when the seedlings grow.
JP 2003-88260 A

  However, in the above-mentioned conventional example, the fixation of the sea lions to the sea floor is limited to the period until the collapse of the block body, that is, the initial planting period until the seedlings have settled. Have

The present invention was made to solve the above drawbacks, luchuensis Sugamo, luchuensis can improve fixability of the seabed seaweed such as eelgrass Sugamo, co living seaweed such as eelgrass, And it aims at providing the growth method of a symbiotic group.

  The present inventor found that the Ryukyuusu duck, one of the tropical seaweeds that form a seaweed field (Amamo field) on the coast of the Ryukyu region, mixed with the Edacommon coral, one of the reef-building coral, to form an ammo field. And found that Ryukyuusu duck and Edacommon coral have a mutual relationship. In other words, the basement of the Ryukyuusu duck and the Edacommon coral are intertwined to stabilize each other's growth base and prevent scouring of the bottom sediment by waves and currents, and gather together to be almost the same height This can reduce the effects of waves caused by typhoons. In addition, coral and coral gravel are surrounded by coral and coral reefs to prevent subdivision of dead coral, and to reduce the porosity of the bottom sediment due to waves and currents, making it easier to supply oxygen to the underground stem of Yes.

The present invention has been made based on the above knowledge and analysis,
An underground stalk that is made of a material with rough or porous structure, such as unglazed pottery and porous concrete block, which coral larvae are easy to land on, and that fixes the underground stalk 2 of seaweeds 1 such as Ryukyuus duck and eelgrass to the seabed 3 The above-described object is achieved by utilizing the symbiotic base material 5 of seaweeds such as Ryukyu squirrel and sea urchin having the support part 4.

  According to the present invention, since the symbiosis between the coral 6 and the seaweeds 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck and eelgrass can be promoted, the corals 6 and further the seaweeds 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck and eelgrass accompany the growth. By entwining the coral 6 with the rhizome 2 etc., the growth base is more stable than the case where seaweeds 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck, Amamo, etc. live alone, and the influence of waves and currents acting on the sediment Can be reduced. Therefore, the loss of seaweeds 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck and sea bream due to scouring of the bottom sediment can be prevented permanently after the growth of the coral 6, and the fixing property to the seabed 3 can be improved. Moreover, by allowing the seaweeds 1 and corals 6 such as Ryukyuusu ducks and sea cucumbers to coexist, it is possible to form and expand a high density and stable sea eel field without harming the natural environment by mutual natural fertility. .

  In this specification, “underground stem 2” is a stem portion that connects the leaves and roots of seaweeds 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck, Amamo, etc., and is arranged in the growth ground of seaweeds 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck, Amamo, etc. Along with this, the one that extends in a substantially horizontal direction. In addition, “seaweeds 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck, Amamo” means seaweeds having the above-mentioned rhizomes 2, for example, tropical seaweeds proliferating in the vicinity of the southwestern islands such as Okinawa, such as Ryukyuusu duck, Ryukyu duck, venetian duck, Bouba Amamo. It also refers to seaweeds that thrive in various parts of Japan, such as eelgrass and core eel.

  As the material for the symbiotic base material 5, various types of corrugated larvae (planar larvae) born by fertilization of coral eggs can be used, such as irregularities and holes, for example, unglazed or porous concrete blocks. As long as the growth period from the coral larva to the coral 6 can be secured, it may have biodegradability and disintegration. In addition, it is possible to use a living organism as the symbiotic base material 5, and when the coral 6 itself is used as the symbiotic base material 5, it is not necessary to wait for the coral larvae to land or to grow from the coral larvae to the coral 6. Immediately create a symbiotic state. Furthermore, the symbiotic base material 5 is configured as a composite material in which the rhizome support part 4 and the coral larvae landing part are formed of different materials, or the coral larvae and the coral 6 are preliminarily attached to the symbiotic base material 5 such as unglazed. It is also possible to keep the floor fixed.

  Further, by fixing the underground stem 2 of the seaweed 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck, Amamo, etc. to the seabed 3 by the rhizome support part 4, it becomes possible to extremely reduce the influence on the growth in the fixed state. That is, the seaweeds 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck, amamo, etc. grow by extending the rhizomes 2 in a substantially horizontal direction and extending leaves, ground stems, vertical rhizomes, etc. in a substantially vertical direction. For this reason, for example, an underground U-shaped support portion 4 such as an inverted U-shape is formed on the symbiotic base material 5 and the stem (axis) of the underground stem 2 is pressed from above by the underground stem support portion 4. When the seaweed 1 is fixed to the seabed 3, it does not hinder the horizontal extension, so that it can coexist with the symbiotic substrate 5 without inhibiting the growth. In particular, tropical seaweeds such as Ryukyuus duck, Ryukyu duck, and veneered ducks are temporarily present in an ammo field where the rhizomes 2 are complicated by the grouping of the rhizomes 2 because the rhizomes 2 are relatively deep within the ground 3. Even if the rhizome 2 of this strain comes into contact with the rhizome support 4 for the other strain and bends upward due to its bendability, the rhizome 2 of this one strain will not easily jump out of the seabed 3.

  Furthermore, as described above, when the coral 6 is used as the symbiotic base material 5, the symbiotic effect is exhibited if the coral is a raw coral, and the tropical seaweeds 1 On the other hand, it is possible to provide a natural nurturing environment. That is, since tropical seaweeds 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck and amamo grow on sandy soil mixed with coral gravel, by using dead coral as a symbiotic base material 5, an environment suitable for growth is created in a pseudo manner. be able to.

Symbiotic substrate 5 to Ryukyu Sugamo on than, symbiont is formed entangled rhizome 2 of seaweed 1 such as eelgrass. Since the seagrass 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck and amamo is integrated with the symbiotic base material 5 by entanglement of the rhizome 2, it is easy to transport and handle, and just fixed to the seabed 3 as it is, Ryukyuusu duck, amamo, etc. Can be planted on the seabed 3.

  Furthermore, when the above-mentioned symbiotic base material 5 is entangled with the underground stem 2 and seaweeds 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck, Amamo are planted on the seabed 3 to grow a symbiotic group, that is, to form an Amamo field, As the seagrass 1 such as sea cucumber grows, the rhizomes 2 and roots of a plurality of strains are entangled with each other and further entangled with the symbiotic base material 5, so that the growth base can be further stabilized. Moreover, the coral 6 which coexists can be surrounded by the seaweeds 1 such as a Ryukyuusu duck and an ammo by clustering the seaweeds 1 such as a Ryukyuusu duck and an amamo. Thereby, the subdivision of dead corals can be prevented, and the oxygen supply to the underground stem 2 of seaweeds 1 such as Ryukyuusu duck, Amamo, etc. is improved by preventing the drastic decrease in the porosity of the bottom sediment. be able to.

  As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the fixing property of seaweeds such as Ryukyuusu duck and Amamo on the seabed. As a result, planting reliability can be improved, and it can contribute to marine greening and ecosystem conservation / restoration. Therefore, contribute to environmental conservation or environmental restoration during power plant construction and port maintenance. Can do.

  1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention. In order to construct an Amamo field by planting Ryukyuusu duck 1 in the sandy area of the Okinawa coast, in this embodiment, live coral pieces of an appropriate size from the Edacommon coral 6 that inhabit the neighboring sea area in advance. The symbiotic base material 5 is collected, and the coral piece 5 is fixed to the seabed 3 in a state in which the underground stem 2 of the seedling of the Ryukyuus duck 1 is assembled. The seabed 3 where the seedlings are planted, that is, the land where the eelgrass field is built, depends on the hydraulic conditions such as waves and currents suitable for the growth of Ryukyuusu Duck 1, the stability of the ground, the amount of light in the water, water temperature, nutrient concentration, etc. It is selected by comprehensively analyzing various conditions such as the regulated photosynthetic environment.

  Ryukyuusu Duck 1 is a tropical seaweed that forms a community called an amamo field in the sandy area that is wave-dissipated by reefs. In Okinawa, the area is basically sandwiched between coral reefs and tidal flats from offshore to coast. It is distributed integrally and forms a habitat for various organisms. This Ryukyuus duck 1 generally grows by drifting into the sea with leaves 1a extending vertically from the underground stem 2 that runs in the shallow sandy and muddy ground in the horizontal direction, and below the underground stem 2 is a fine root 1b (beard root). ) Is stretched around the sand. The rhizome 2 extends horizontally in the seabed ground 10 at a depth of about 5 to 20 cm as it grows, and the leaves 1a and roots 1b grow at an appropriate interval as the rhizome 2 grows. It grows sequentially from. Therefore, the Amamo field by the Ryukyuus duck 1 is generally formed in the shallow waters where the waves are relatively gentle and irradiated with moderate sunlight, and the underground stem 2 of the Ryukyuus duck 1 extends, so that the power, ie distribution Enlarge the area.

  Edacommon coral 6 is a coral reef-building coral that lives in shallow water where waves such as lagoons around Okinawa irradiated with moderate sunlight are relatively gentle. The Edacommon coral 6 has a branch shape, and the growth speed is faster than other corals.

  The above Ryukyu Duck 1 and Eda Common Coral 6 are formed between the branches of the coral piece 5 of the Eda Common Coral 6 as shown in FIG. By being inserted through the opening 11 formed of a gap that opens in a substantially horizontal direction, the two parts are assembled together. The symbiotic transplant unit (symbiosis) formed by this assembly adjusts the combined size of the seedling of the Ryukyuus duck 1 and the coral piece 5 so that the upper end of the Ryukyuus duck 1 seedling and the upper end of the coral piece 5 are The lower ends of the coral pieces 5 are formed so as to protrude downward from the lower ends of the seedlings of the Ryukyuus duck 1.

  The symbiotic transplant unit is fixed to the seabed 3 by the following procedure. In preparation for planting, as a preparatory preparation, the seedlings of the Ryukyuusu duck 1 and the coral pieces 5 are assembled in advance on the ground to form a symbiotic transplant unit, which is then transported to the sea area where the eelgrass site is established by ship or the like. Made.

  First, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the diver 12 digs up the seabed ground 10 made of a sandy layer, and the underground stem 2 of the seedling of the Ryukyuus duck 1 can be placed at a depth of about 5 to 20 cm. Thus, a hole 13 having a depth sufficient to fix the symbiotic transplant unit to the seabed 2 is formed. After planting the symbiotic transplant unit by the diver 12 at the bottom of the hole 13, the hole 13 is backfilled and the coral pieces 5 are fixed to the seabed 3. Made.

  In the backfilling, the opening 11 of the coral piece 5 is opened in a substantially horizontal direction so that the underground stem 2 of the Ryukyu duck 1 is in a substantially horizontal posture and the seedling of the Ryukyu duck 1 is in a substantially upright posture. This is done by filling the hole 13 with sand. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), by this backfilling, the coral pieces 5 are buried in the bottom of the seabed 10 and fixed to the seabed 3. On the other hand, the seedlings of the Ryukius duck 1 have a natural stem 2 that is natural. It is arranged substantially horizontally at a depth of about 5 to 20 cm in the seabed ground 10 that is the same as the growing state, and is erected on the seabed 3. At this time, the rhizome 2 is surrounded by a pair of branches 14 and 14 (rhizome support 4) constituting the upper end edge and both side edges of the opening 11 of the coral piece 5 and Become. Therefore, even if the seedling of the Ryukyuus duck 1 is pulled upward by a wave or the like, since the underground stem 2 is locked to the branches 14, 14 of the coral piece 5, the seedling of the Ryukyuus duck 1 is easy from the seabed 3. You won't get lost.

  Moreover, since the lower part of the coral piece 5 is buried in the submarine ground 10 in the vicinity of the rhizome 2 and the root 1b, the seedling of the Ryukyuusu duck 1 after planting is stabilized. Further, the water pressure that the leaves 1a of the seedlings of the Ryukyuus duck 1 receive by waves or the like is reduced by the upper part of the coral pieces 5 protruding into the sea to almost the same height. Therefore, the planted plant of Ryukius duck 1 is not easily washed away by waves or the like. In addition, the seedling of the Ryukyuusu duck 1 and the Eda common coral 6 which is the coral piece 5 grow up without competing for sunlight by being almost the same height.

  Further, after this, when gradually accustomed to the submarine ground 10, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the Ryukyuus duck 1 stretches the rhizome 2 and the root 1 b in the submarine ground 10 and becomes more entangled with the coral pieces 5. At the same time, the Edacommon coral 6 which is the coral piece 5 is more firmly settled on the seabed ground 10, so that the synergistic effect further stabilizes the seabed 3.

  In addition, as the seedlings of Ryukiusu duck 1 grow, the rhizome 1 grows and expands the power, so that the plants planted close to each other entangle each other's rhizomes 2, thereby further stabilizing the growth ground An ammo field is formed. At the same time, Eda Common Coral 6 also grows gradually and expands its power, forming a coral reef so as to overlap the Amamo Field. Furthermore, the Ryukyuus duck 1 and the Edacommon coral 6 are prevented by the seeds and the coral fragments generated by the damage being supported by the Ryucus duck 1 and the Edacommon coral 6 that are densely clustered on the seabed ground 10. Therefore, the breeding efficiency is increased. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the dead coral 22 generated from the Edacommon coral 6 is also supported by the underground stem 2 of the Ryukyuus duck 1 and the like, so that fragmentation is prevented. Oxygen supply to the underground stem 2 of the Ryukyuus duck 1 is ensured.

  In this embodiment, the case where the Edacommon coral 6 is fixed by filling the bottom with the seabed 3 is shown. However, depending on the level of water flow in the land of the Amamo field, a peg or the like is locked to the Edacommon Coral 6. The Eda common coral 6 may be fixed by driving into the seabed 3 in the state of being made to stay. In this case, the symbiotic transplant unit is composed of the seedling of Ryukiusu duck 1, the coral piece 5, and the peg.

  FIG. 3A shows a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawing, and the description thereof is omitted. In this embodiment, planting of the Ryukyuus duck 1 is performed by assembling a foundation support base (symbiotic base material 5) to which the adhesion base 15 can be attached integrally with the Ryukyuus duck 1 and fixing it to the seabed 3.

  The base support 5 is made of a material that is easily attached to coral larvae, such as unglazed pottery, and as shown in FIG. 3 (b), leg pieces 16, 16,. It has the base (basement support part 4) formed in the base end part of the piece 16,16 .. The base 4 has a frustoconical shape that rises in a tapered manner from the base end of the leg pieces 16, 16... A mounting hole 17 for mounting the attachment base 15 is formed on the upper surface.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the adhesion base 15 is a flat plate formed of a material having a rough surface or a porous structure, such as a glass foam board or an unglazed earthenware, to which coral larvae are likely to adhere, A through hole 18 for attaching to the base support 5 is drilled in the center. A polyp 19 in which coral larvae previously attached in a land facility or the like is transformed is fixed on the adhesion base 15.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the symbiotic transplant unit (symbiosis) is constituted by the seedling of the Ryukyuus duck 1, the base support base 5, and the attachment base 15 to which the polyp 19 is fixed, and is shown in FIG. Thus, it is formed by inserting the underground stem 2 of the Ryukius duck 1 into the gap between the leg pieces 16, 16. The symbiotic transplant unit is fixed to the seabed 3 by digging up the seabed 3 to form a hole (not shown) in advance, and driving the base support 5 into this hole, that is, the seabed 3 without attaching the attachment base 15. The

  When the base support base 5 is driven into the hole 13 with the mounting hole 17 of the base portion 4 facing upward, the leg pieces 16, 16... Penetrate through the sandy layer 10 a constituting the seabed ground 10 and the hard layer 10 b below it. Pierce. The seedlings of the Ryukius duck 1 are firmly fixed to the seabed 3 by being restrained by the leg pieces 16 from moving sideways and being pressed by the base 4 from above with the lower part opened. Thereafter, when the hole is backfilled, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), the Ryukyu duck 1 is in a natural growing state, and the base support 5 has the upper portion of the base 4 up to a height near the upper end of the Ryukyu duck 1. Protruding into the sea.

  Then, the planting of the Ryukius duck 1 is completed by fixing the adhesion base 15 to the mounting hole 17 of the base support base 5 exposed in the sea with a bolt or the like not shown. In this state, the growth base of the Ryukyu duck 1 is stabilized by the base support 5 that is driven into the seabed 3, and the water pressure caused by the waves 1 a received by the leaves 1 a of the Ryukyu duck 1 also protrudes into the sea. Reduced by 5. Furthermore, if the polyp 19 grows into a coral 6 and then propagates, the symbiotic effect of the coral 6 and the Ryukyu duck 1 is exhibited as in the above-described embodiment.

  In addition, although the case where the base support base 5 to which the attachment base 15 is attached is formed of a material that coral larvae are relatively easy to adhere to has been shown above, the base support base 5 can also be formed of concrete or the like. In this case, the base support base including the adhesion base 15 is configured as the symbiotic substrate 5.

  FIG. 3B shows a third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawing, and the description thereof is omitted. In this embodiment, the planting of the Ryukyu duck 1 is an unglazed cylindrical member (symbiotic substrate 5) that is provided with a hole 20 through which the rhizome 2 of the Ryukyu duck 1 can be inserted and that can be connected to a peg 21. Is assembled with the Ryukyuus duck 1 and fixed to the seabed 3.

  The cylindrical member 5 is formed in a cylindrical shape by unglazing or the like that coral larvae easily adhere to, and a large number of circular holes 20, 20... Penetrate horizontally in the peripheral wall so as to be scattered in the height direction. Established. Further, an attachment portion (not shown) to which the peg 21 can be connected is formed at the lower end portion of the cylindrical member 5, and the peg 21 is formed by the attachment portion 21a formed on the peg 21, as shown in FIG. Is attached to protrude below the cylindrical member 5.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the symbiotic transplant unit (symbiosis) is composed of the seedling of the Ryukius duck 1, the tubular member 5, and the peg 21, and as shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. It is formed by inserting the underground stalk 2 of the seedling of Ryukyu duck 1 into the hole 20 of the cylindrical member 5 to which the peg 21 is attached. At this time, since a plurality of holes 20 are formed at different positions in the height direction of the tubular member 5, a plurality of the Ryukius ducks 1 are independently connected to the tubular member 5 by changing the height. be able to.

  The symbiotic transplant unit is fixed to the seabed 3 by digging up the seabed 3 in the vicinity of the coral 6 and forming a hole (not shown) and driving the peg 21 into this hole, that is, the seabed 3. The peg 21 driven into the submarine base 3 is pierced into a hard layer 10b constituting the seabed ground 10 (not shown) and firmly fixed to the seabed 2. The tubular member 5 is peg 21 driven into the seabed ground 10. It is firmly fixed to the seabed 2 by being pulled downward by the same. Further, since the seedling of Ryukiusu duck 1 is supported by the wall surface (underground stem support portion 4) around the hole 20 of the tubular member 5 around the stem (axis) of the underground stem 2 over the entire circumference from the orthogonal direction, 3 is firmly fixed. Thereafter, when the hole is backfilled, the seedlings of the Ryukyuus duck 1 are in a natural growth state, and the cylindrical member 5 is in a state where the lower part projects into the seabed ground 10 and the upper part projects into the sea.

  In this state, the growth base of the seedling of the Ryukyuus duck 1 is stabilized by the lower part of the cylindrical member 5 embedded in the seabed 3, and the water pressure that the leaves 1a of the seedling of the Ryukyuus duck 1 receives by waves, It is reduced by the upper part of the cylindrical member 5 protruding into the sea. Further, if the coral larvae adhere to the cylindrical member 5 during the spawning time of the coral 6 and grow to become the coral 6, the symbiotic effect of the coral 6 and the Ryukyuus duck 1 as in the above-described embodiment. Is demonstrated.

  In this embodiment, the case where the corrugated larvae are attached to the cylindrical member 5 to achieve the symbiosis between the Ryukyu duck 1 and the coral 6 has been shown. It is also possible to achieve symbiosis by fixing.

  In the first to third embodiments described above, a case where a live coral piece or an unglazed pottery is used as the symbiotic base material 5 is shown, but a dead coral may be used instead. it can.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows 1st embodiment of this invention, (a) is a figure which shows the formation method of the symbiotic transplant unit by the coral piece of a Ryukyuusu duck seedling and Edacommon coral, (b) is the seabed of a symbiotic transplant unit It is a figure which shows the fixing operation | work to. It is a figure which shows the support state of the Ryukyuusu duck rhizome by an Edacommon coral, (a) is principal part sectional drawing which shows the support state by a coral piece, (b) is a figure which shows the symbiosis state of a Ryukyuusu duck and Edacommon coral. . It is a figure which shows other embodiment, (a) is a figure which shows the fixation state to the seabed of the symbiotic transplant unit in 2nd embodiment of this invention, (b) In 3rd embodiment of this invention It is an exploded view of a symbiotic transplant unit.

Explanation of symbols

1 Seaweeds such as Ryukyuusu Duck, Amamo, etc. 2 Subterranean stem 3 Seabed 4 Subterranean stem support 5 Symbiotic substrate 6 Coral

Claims (2)

Material coral larvae is made from the surface rough or porous structure such as pottery and porous concrete block of implantation easy unglazed or Li is formed by corals Yuukyuusugamo, rhizomes to fix the rhizomes of seaweed such as eelgrass the seabed support A symbiosis formed by entwining the basement stem of seaweeds such as Ryukyuusu duck and amamo against a symbiotic base material of seaweeds such as Ryukyuusu duck and ammo. Material coral larvae is made from the surface rough or porous structure such as pottery and porous concrete block of implantation easy unglazed or Li is formed by corals Yuukyuusugamo, rhizomes to fix the rhizomes of seaweed such as eelgrass the seabed support A method of growing a symbiotic group, in which seagrasses such as Ryukyuusu duck and eelgrass are planted on the sea floor by entanglement of the rhizomes and seaweeds, etc.