JP4340201B2 - Cmosイメージセンサの光カラー感度感知方法 - Google Patents
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Description
即ち、前記CMOSイメージセンサーは、単位画素内にフォトダイオードと、MOSトランジスターとを形成することで、スイッチング方式で各単位画素の電気信号を順次に検出して、映像を実現する。
一般的なCMOSイメージセンサーの単位画素は、図1に示すように、一つのフォトダイオードPDと、3つのnMOSトランジスターT1,T2,T3とで構成される。前記フォトダイオードPDのカソードは、第1nMOSトランジスターT1のドレイン、及び第2nMOSトランジスターT2のゲートに接続されている。そして、前記第1、第2nMOSトランジスターT1,T2のソースは、共に基準電圧VRが供給される電源線に接続されており、第1nMOSトランジスターT1のゲートには、リセット信号(RST)が供給されるリセット線が接続されている。
層間絶縁膜15が形成され、前記フォトダイオード13a、13b、13cに対応する前記層間絶縁膜15上にカラーフィルターアレイ17のための赤、緑、青色のカラーフィルター層17a、17b、17cが形成され、前記カラーフィルター層17a、17b、17cを含む前記層間絶縁膜15上に平坦化層19が形成される。
前記層間絶縁膜15は、主に酸化膜で形成することができる。前記カラーフィルター17a、17b、17cは、それぞれ赤、緑、青色の染料を使用した減光膜で形成することができる。
前記フォトダイオードの真上に位置するように前記層間絶縁膜上に形成されたマイクロレンズを備え、前記半導体基板には前記フォトダイオードの空乏領域の幅を変えるためのバックバイアス電圧が印加されることを特徴とする。
図3に示すように、本発明によるCMOSイメージセンサーは、P型半導体基板30にアクティブ領域とフィールド領域とを形成して、該フィールド領域に素子分離膜31を形成し、前記半導体基板30のアクティブ領域にn型不純物イオン注入によって光信号を電気信号に変換するためのフォトダイオードPD33が形成される。
前記フォトダイオード33に対応する位置の前記平坦化層39上に外部光を前記フォトダイオード33に集光させるための集光部、例えば、マイクロレンズ41が形成される。
この際、前記半導体基板30にはバックバイアス電圧Vbが印加される。ここで、前記層間絶縁膜35は、透明度の優秀な酸化膜系統の絶縁膜で形成することができ、前記層間絶縁膜35は、説明の便宜上一層で構成されているように示されているが、実際には複数層で構成することができる。
図4を参照すると、前記フォトダイオード133は、外部光(図示せず)が前記フォトダイオード133の照射によって所定の電流値に当たる多数の光電荷を生成する。
光電荷伝送部135は、通常、3つのトランジスターまたは4つのトランジスターで構成され、前記光電荷を光カラー感度演算部139に伝送する。バックバイアス電圧Vb発生部137は、前記フォトダイオード133が形成された図3の半導体基板30にバックバイアス電圧Vbを印加する。
以下、前記光カラー感度演算部139の光カラー感度演算過程をより詳細に説明する。
即ち、波長が440〜480nmの帯域を有する青色光は相対的に光吸収率が低く、波長が520〜560nmの帯域を有する前記緑色光と、波長が660〜770nmの帯域を有する前記赤色光は、相対的に光吸収率が高い。そして、前記赤、緑、青色光を合算した光の波長による感度は、図5bのような分布を有する。
したがって、光の波長によってシリコン基板への浸透度が異なるので、前記フォトダイオードのPN接合の深さによって各波長別に異なって感知されることを類推できる。
W= [{2Ksε0(ΦB±|Vb|)} /qNA]1/2
ここで、Ksは、半導体層の誘電体常数で、ε0は、自由空間の誘電率で、ΦBは、金属−半導体のエネルギー障壁で、qは、単位電荷量で、NAは、アクセプター不純物濃度で、Vbは、バックバイアス電圧である。
(数学式2)
A=1/2q(n1/τ)WAj
ここで、Ajは、前記フォトダイオードのPN接合断面積で、Wは、前記空乏領域の幅で、n1は、固有キャリア濃度で、qは、単位電荷量である。
したがって、バックバイアス電圧で特定の電圧を半導体基板に加え、前記(数学式1)、及び(数学式2)で前記空乏領域内における赤、緑、青色光の波長値による光の感度を求められる。
この際、前記第1、第2、第3バックバイアス電圧Vb1、Vb2、Vb3のうち一つを0Vに決定し、残りの二つのバックバイアス電圧を所定の値に決定できる。
(数学式3)
I(W1) = A(W1) = IR exp(-λRW1) + IB exp(-λBW1) + IG exp(-λGW1)
I(W2) = A(W2) = IR exp(-λRW2) + IB exp(-λBW2) + IG exp(-λGW2)
I(W3) = A(W3) = IR exp(-λRW3) + IB exp(-λBW3) + IG exp(-λGW3)
ここで、W1、W2、W3は、前記第1、第2、第3バックバイアス電圧Vb1、Vb2、Vb3の印加による空乏領域の幅で、R、G、Bは、赤、緑、青色光の波長で、I(W1)、I(W2)、I(W3)は、前記空乏領域の幅W1、W2、W3によるカラー感度の測定値である。したがって、半導体基板30に第1バックバイアス電圧Vb1を印加して、各フォトダイオード33から感度I(W1)を測定し、前記半導体基板30に第2バックバイアス電圧Vb2を印加して、各フォトダイオード33から感度I(W2)を測定し、前記半導体基板30に第3バックバイアス電圧Vb3を印加して、各フォトダイオード33から感度I(W3)を測定する。
図7はフォトダイオード領域のみ示すもので、本発明の第2実施形態によるCMOSイメージセンサーは、P型半導体基板300にアクティブ領域と、フィールド領域とを形成して、該フィールド領域に素子分離膜310を形成し、前記半導体基板300のアクティブ領域のうち所定の部分に高濃度n型不純物イオン注入によって光信号を電気信号に変換するための複数個(少なくとも3つ)のフォトダイオードPD331、332、333が形成される。
33、133、331、332、333 フォトダイオード
35 層間絶縁膜
39 平坦化層
135 光電荷伝送部
137 バックバイアス電圧発生部
139 光カラー感度演算部
141 補間回路部
341、342、343 P型不純物領域
Claims (1)
- カラーフィルター層が形成されず、半導体基板に少なくとも第1、第2、第3フォトダイオードと、各フォトダイオードにバックバイアスを印加するための前記半導体基板と同一導電型の少なくとも第1、第2、第3高濃度不純物領域が形成されたCMOSイメージセンサーの光カラー感知方法において、
前記第1、第2、第3高濃度不純物領域に互いに異なる第1、第2、第3バックバイアス電圧を印加するステップと、
前記印加された第1、第2、第3バックバイアス電圧によって前記第1、第2、第3フォトダイオードで生成された光電荷の第1、第2、第3電流値を測定するステップと、
前記測定された第1、第2、第3電流値を演算して、光のカラー感度を演算するステップとを含み、
前記第1、第2、第3バックバイアス電圧によって、フォトダイオードのPN接合の空乏領域の幅が、青色、緑色及び赤色の各光波長に対応するように制御される、
ことを特徴とするCMOSイメージセンサーの光カラー感度感知方法。
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KR100561004B1 (ko) * | 2003-12-30 | 2006-03-16 | 동부아남반도체 주식회사 | 씨모스 이미지 센서 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR100649012B1 (ko) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-11-27 | 동부일렉트로닉스 주식회사 | 색재현성 향상을 위한 씨모스 이미지 센서 및 그 제조방법 |
US20060193356A1 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2006-08-31 | Robert Osiander | Die level optical transduction systems |
KR100710207B1 (ko) * | 2005-09-22 | 2007-04-20 | 동부일렉트로닉스 주식회사 | 씨모스 이미지 센서의 제조방법 |
US7569804B2 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2009-08-04 | Dongbu Hitek Co., Ltd. | Image sensor having exposed dielectric layer in a region corresponding to a first color filter by a passivation layer |
ATE485701T1 (de) | 2006-10-27 | 2010-11-15 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Farbgesteuerte lichtquelle und verfahren zur steuerung der farberzeugung in einer lichtquelle |
KR100827447B1 (ko) | 2007-01-24 | 2008-05-06 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 이미지 센서와 그 제조 방법 및 이미지 센싱 방법 |
KR100896876B1 (ko) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-12 | 주식회사 동부하이텍 | 이미지 센서 및 그 제조방법 |
CN101459184B (zh) * | 2007-12-13 | 2011-03-23 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | 在cmos上感测图像的系统和方法 |
KR101003939B1 (ko) | 2008-09-04 | 2010-12-30 | 주식회사 동부하이텍 | 이미지 센서의 크로스토크 측정방법 |
US8138531B2 (en) * | 2009-09-17 | 2012-03-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Structures, design structures and methods of fabricating global shutter pixel sensor cells |
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CA1003938A (en) * | 1974-09-17 | 1977-01-18 | Northern Electric Company, Limited | Photodiode detector with selective frequency response |
US3976361A (en) * | 1974-11-18 | 1976-08-24 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Charge storage diode with graded defect density photocapacitive layer |
JPS5795769A (en) * | 1980-12-05 | 1982-06-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Semiconductor image pickup device |
JPS60257559A (ja) * | 1984-06-04 | 1985-12-19 | Nec Corp | Cmos集積回路装置 |
US4749851A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-06-07 | Technische Universiteit Delft | Method and circuit for determining the wave-length of light |
US5321249A (en) * | 1991-10-31 | 1994-06-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Solid-state imaging device and method of manufacturing the same |
JP3308880B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-07 | 2002-07-29 | キヤノン株式会社 | 液晶表示装置と投写型液晶表示装置 |
JP3159171B2 (ja) * | 1998-06-05 | 2001-04-23 | 日本電気株式会社 | 固体撮像装置 |
US6566151B2 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2003-05-20 | United Microelectronics Corp. | Method of forming a color filter |
KR100561004B1 (ko) * | 2003-12-30 | 2006-03-16 | 동부아남반도체 주식회사 | 씨모스 이미지 센서 및 그 제조 방법 |
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2003
- 2003-12-31 KR KR1020030101663A patent/KR100560309B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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2004
- 2004-07-19 EP EP04016938A patent/EP1551061A3/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-23 JP JP2004215749A patent/JP4340201B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-29 US US10/901,381 patent/US7180150B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1551061A2 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
JP2005197647A (ja) | 2005-07-21 |
US20050145904A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
EP1551061A3 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
KR20050069521A (ko) | 2005-07-05 |
US7180150B2 (en) | 2007-02-20 |
KR100560309B1 (ko) | 2006-03-14 |
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