JP4331481B2 - 骨インプラント、特に椎間インプラント - Google Patents

骨インプラント、特に椎間インプラント Download PDF

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JP4331481B2
JP4331481B2 JP2002560552A JP2002560552A JP4331481B2 JP 4331481 B2 JP4331481 B2 JP 4331481B2 JP 2002560552 A JP2002560552 A JP 2002560552A JP 2002560552 A JP2002560552 A JP 2002560552A JP 4331481 B2 JP4331481 B2 JP 4331481B2
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bone implant
bone
implant
filler
outer shell
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JP2004522516A (ja
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ローベルト マシーズ
ビート レヒマン
ビート ガッサー
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Synthes GmbH
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Stratec Medical AG
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30772Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30841Sharp anchoring protrusions for impaction into the bone, e.g. sharp pins, spikes
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Description

本発明は、請求項1の前文に記載の骨インプラント、特に椎間インプラント、および請求項16の前文に記載の骨インプラントを製造する方法に関する。
それぞれの骨インプラントがWO 00/66045 MICHELSONにより既知である。この既知の椎間インプラントの欠点は、
A)インプラント被覆の平滑な表面と肉眼で見える歯を備え隣接する椎体の端板に接触する基面とが、前記各面の上に、骨組織の最適な癒合を生じさせず、
B)インプラントの空洞内に充填材を使用する場合、該充填材が内壁の面平滑さのゆえに容易に滑り落ちることがあることにある。
先行技術の上記検討は、本発明を取り囲む環境を解説するためになされたにすぎず、引用された先行技術がこの出願またはその優先権の時点に実際に刊行されまたは一般に知れ渡っていたことを意味するのではない。
フランス国特許公開第2703580号
この点で本発明は救済策を提供せんとするものである。本発明の課題は、骨組織の癒合にとって最適な表面構造を有する骨インプラント、特に椎間インプラントを提供することである。
本発明はこの課題を、請求項1の特徴を有する骨インプラントと請求項16の特徴を有する方法とによって解決する。
本発明に係る少なくとも2μmの表面粗さは新たに成長した骨に対してインプラントへの固定向上、すなわち骨同化の向上を可能にする。
好ましい一構成では、中空体が少なくとも二つの中間壁によって区画されており、該中間壁が好ましくは一つの横控えによって互いに支えられている。これらの中間壁は椎体の隣接する端板上の載置面を広くし、それとともに面圧を下げ、隣接する椎体内にインプラントが沈み込むのを防止する。しかも、その間にある空洞は骨質構造を有するインプラントの侵入成長を可能とする。
他の好ましい一構成では、表面粗さが10μm未満である。過度に粗い表面粗さは残存する先端を弱め、そのことでやはり骨溶解を生じることがあり、それとともに関節固定部が損なわれることになろう。
他の好ましい一構成では、中間壁が、好ましくは最小面積3.5mmの穿孔を備えている。側壁の穿孔は新たに成長した骨質構造を、また場合によって最初に装入された充填材料も、立体的に固定するのに役立つ。
他の好ましい一構成では、中空体外殻の側部分が、好ましくは最小面積3.5mmの穿孔を有する。外殻の側部分の穿孔は新たに成長した骨質構造を、また一義的にはインプラント挿入中にインプラントホルダも、立体的に固定するのに役立つ。
他の好ましい一構成では、放射線透過性材料が下記の群、ポリアリールエーテルケトン(PAEK)、ポリエーテルイミド(PEI)、ポリオキシメチレン(POM)、液晶高分子(LCP)、ポリメチルペンテン(PMP)、ポリスルホン(PSU)、ポリエーテルスルホン(PESUまたはPES)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PETP)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)および超高分子ポリエチレン(UHMW−PE)から選択されている。
これらの好ましい材料は全て柔軟であるが、しかし弾性(剛性)等のさまざまな機械的性質を有し、強さも有する。それらは、他の高分子と比べて一部では好ましいクリープ特性を示し、または低い吸水率を示す。それとともに応用事情に応じて最適な選択が可能である。
他の好ましい一構成では、放射線透過性材料が、好ましくは炭素繊維またはPEEK繊維で繊維強化されている。放射線透過性材料の繊維強化は機械的性質を一般的に、または適切に、補強する。
他の好ましい一構成では、骨インプラントの総容積Vと中空体の容積vとの間の比V:vが1.9〜2.3の範囲内である。この比は機械的に安定したインプラントの利点を新たに成長した骨質構造の最大容積と結合させることが判明した。
他の好ましい一構成では、インプラントの表面が少なくとも一部にX線透過性被覆またはX線透過性に影響しない薄い被覆を備えている。X線透過性被覆の利点は関節固定部の成熟中に観察の可能性を確保する。純粋PEEKは優れた生体適合性をすでに特徴とする一方、好適な素材からなる付加的被覆は機械的性質と、新たに成長した骨とインプラントとの間の境界面を最高にする。好ましくは、X線透過性をさして損なわないごく薄い厚さの金属が被覆材料として適している。特にチタン、金または白金またはその他の好適なインプラント金属が適している。
他の好ましい一構成では、被覆がセラミックス材、好ましくはヒドロキシアパタイトまたはリン酸三カルシウムからなる。被覆に適した両方のセラミックス、ヒドロキシアパタイトまたはリン酸三カルシウムは、それらが骨に完全に同化され、または新しい自然な骨組織に取り替えられさえする利点を特徴としている。
他の好ましい一構成では、中空体がリン酸カルシウム、好ましくはヒドロキシアパタイトまたはリン酸三カルシウムからなる充填材で少なくとも部分的に充填されている。それとともに関節固定部の支障のない向上したコントロールが達成される。中空体は硫酸カルシウム、脱灰骨(demineralisierter Knochen)、自己由来骨またはコラリン物質からなる充填材を充填することもできる。
他の好ましい一構成では、中空体(1)が、好ましくは多孔質の吸収性高分子からなるX線不透過性の充填材で少なくとも部分的に充填されている。充填材をX線不透過にするために、高分子に造影剤が添加される。PLAの場合例えば二酸化ジルコニウム等の標識を添加することができ、PEEKには硫酸バリウムを混加することができる。
他の好ましい一構成では、場合によってインプラントに設けられている穿孔がX線不透過性の充填材で少なくとも部分的に充填されている。これにより充填材は落下を防止される。
本発明に係る骨インプラントを製造する方法では、環状中空体が射出成形技術、熱間加工技術またはホットプレス技術によって製造される。熱間成形によって高分子はあらゆる成形要素に圧縮され、これは特に、向上した疲れ強度を特徴としている。
以下、一実施形態の部分略図に基づいて本発明と本発明の諸構成がなお詳しく説明される。
図1〜図4に示す椎間インプラントは放射線透過性材料(PEEK、これは選択的に炭素繊維またはガラス繊維で強化しておくことができる)からなり、この材料は射出成形法で環状中空体1として構成されている。インプラントが中空筒部分形外殻6を含み、この外殻は前側部分9と後側部分10と二つの側部分11とを有しかつ筒軸線7を限定する。
中空体1は二つの中間壁3によって室に区画されており、該中間壁は実質的に筒軸線7と平行に延びかつ外殻の前側部分9を後側部分10に結合する。両方の中間壁3は横控え4によって互いに支えられている。中間壁3は、面積約10mmの穿孔5を備えている。外殻6の側部分11も、面積約10mmの穿孔8を有する。
骨インプラントの表面2は表面粗さが6μmであり、X線透過性の薄い金被覆を備えている。骨インプラントの総容積Vと中空体1の容積vとの間の比V:vは約2.1である。
中空体1はヒドロキシアパタイトからなるX線不透過性の充填材を充填しておくことができ、留意すべき点として、好ましくは既存の穿孔5;8もX線不透過性の充填材が充填されている。
本発明に係る椎間インプラントの斜視図である。 図1に示すインプラントの平面図である。 図1に示すインプラントの正面図である。 図1に示すインプラントの側面図である。

Claims (17)

  1. 射線透過性材料からなる椎間インプラントであって、
    充填材を充填して新しい骨の成長を許容するように設定された中央室を区画する中空筒部分形外殻(6)からなり、該中空筒部分形外殻(6)は前側部分(9)、後側部分(10)、第一および第二側部分(11)を有し、
    椎間インプラントは第一及び第二中間壁からなり、該第一及び第二中間壁は前記前側部分(9)を前記後側部分(10)に結合して中央室を更に分割し、該第一及び第二中間壁は相互に間隔をおいて配置されて
    前記中空筒部分形外殻(6)及び前記第一及び第二中間壁の複数の穿孔からなり、該中空筒部分形外殻(6)の穿孔は中央室と流体連通して前記充填剤を充填して前記インプラントに固定し、
    控え(4)が前記第一中間壁と前記第二中間壁の間に位置して前記第一中間壁と前記第二中間壁を立体的に固定し、
    少なくとも前記表面の一部が少なくとも2μmの表面粗さを有することを特徴とする椎間インプラント。
  2. 中間壁(3)が横控え(4)によって互いに支えられていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の骨インプラント。
  3. 表面粗さが10μm未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載の骨インプラント。
  4. 中間壁(3)にある穿孔が、3.5mmの最小面積を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の骨インプラント。
  5. 外殻(6)の側部分(11)が、好ましくは最小面積3.5mmの穿孔(8)を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の骨インプラント。
  6. 放射線透過性材料が下記の群、ポリアリールエーテルケトン(PAEK)、ポリエーテルイミド(PEI)、ポリオキシメチレン(POM)、液晶高分子(LCP)、ポリメチルペンテン(PMP)、ポリスルホン(PSU)、ポリエーテルスルホン(PESUまたはPES)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PETP)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)および超高分子ポリエチレン(UHMW−PE)から選択されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の骨インプラント。
  7. 放射線透過性材料が、好ましくは炭素繊維、ガラス繊維またはPEEK繊維で繊維強化されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の骨インプラント。
  8. 骨インプラントの総容積Vと中空体(1)の容積vとの間の比V:vが1.9〜2.3の範囲内であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項記載の骨インプラント。
  9. インプラントの表面が少なくとも一部にX線透過性被覆またはX線透過性に実質的に影響しない薄い被覆を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項記載の骨インプラント。
  10. 被覆が金属、好ましくはチタン、金または白金からなることを特徴とする、請求項9記載の骨インプラント。
  11. 被覆がセラミックス材料、好ましくはヒドロキシアパタイトまたはリン酸三カルシウムからなることを特徴とする、請求項9記載の骨インプラント。
  12. 中空体(1)がリン酸カルシウム、好ましくはヒドロキシアパタイトまたはリン酸三カルシウムからなる充填材で少なくとも部分的に充填されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の骨インプラント。
  13. 中空体(1)が、硫酸カルシウム、脱灰骨、自己由来骨またはコラリン物質からなる充填材を少なくとも部分的に充填されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の骨インプラント。
  14. 中空体(1)が、好ましくは多孔質の吸収性高分子からなる充填材で少なくとも部分的に充填されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の骨インプラント。
  15. 場合によってインプラントに設けられている穿孔(5;8)がX線不透過性の充填材で少なくとも部分的に充填されていることを特徴とする、請求項4〜14のいずれか1項記載の骨インプラント。
  16. 請求項1〜15のいずれか1項記載の骨インプラントを製造する方法において、環状中空体(1)が射出成形技術、熱間加工技術またはホットプレス技術によって製造されることを特徴とする方法。
  17. 前記中間壁は中空筒部分形外殻(6)によって支持部を椎体の端板の近くまで上昇させるように形成される請求項1記載の椎間インプラント。
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