CN102395333A - 侵害性最小的可膨大椎骨植入物和方法 - Google Patents

侵害性最小的可膨大椎骨植入物和方法 Download PDF

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CN102395333A
CN102395333A CN2010800178396A CN201080017839A CN102395333A CN 102395333 A CN102395333 A CN 102395333A CN 2010800178396 A CN2010800178396 A CN 2010800178396A CN 201080017839 A CN201080017839 A CN 201080017839A CN 102395333 A CN102395333 A CN 102395333A
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medical implant
film
expands
firm member
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M·德沃莱克
C·G·费希尔
A·J·麦尔肯特
K·E·米勒
Y·R·兰姆普萨德
W·R·西尔斯
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明实施方式包括可膨大的、可植入的装置和方法。所述装置线性和侧向膨大以提供解剖结构之间或之中的可靠固定。在某些实施方式中,植入物更换脊柱的一个或多个椎体、或椎体的部分。

Description

侵害性最小的可膨大椎骨植入物和方法
背景技术
有时需要响应不同病理,从人脊柱移去一个或更多椎骨,或椎骨的一部分。例如,一个或更多椎骨可由于肿瘤生长而受损,或可由于创伤或其它事件受损。移去或切除椎骨可称为椎骨切除术。椎骨的大致前面部分、或椎体的切除可称为椎体切除术(corpectomy)。作为椎体切除术或椎骨切除术的一部分,植入物通常设置在剩余椎骨之间从而提供脊柱的结构支撑。图1示出典型腰脊柱的四个椎骨V1-V4和三个椎间盘D1-D3。如图所示,V3是受损椎骨,且所有或部分V3可移去从而帮助稳定脊柱。如果沿椎间盘D2和D3移去,则植入物可设置在椎骨V2和V4之间。在某些情形中,在椎骨之间插入的植入物被设计成促进剩余椎骨之间的融合。在其它情形中,特别在治疗肿瘤时,过程的最终目标是脊柱稳定性,而无关融合。成功的过程可减少痛疼,保持或增强神经功能并允许患者更多活动性而无需外部矫正。有时植入物被设计成取代切除的椎骨和椎间盘的功能。在某些情形中,一个以上的椎骨所有或部分可能受损并要求移去和更换。如果仅部分椎体和邻近椎间盘被移去和更换,则该过程被称为半椎骨切除术。
本领域已知许多植入物用于椎骨切除术和椎体切除术过程。一类植入物的尺寸适于直接更换所取代的椎骨或多个椎骨,而不是原位膨大。另一类植入物以塌缩(collapsed)状态插入,然后在适当定位后膨大。可膨大植入物可以是有利的,因为其允许在设置植入物时较小的切口和进路。如图2所示,较小切口可在后部进入时特别有用。图2是部分人脊柱后部的示图,其中一节胸椎移去。为了支撑剩余椎骨结构,植入物可通过窗口W设置,避开神经根N。神经根N可移动从而稍微增加窗口W的尺寸,但过度移动有损伤神经根N的风险。因此,对于后方进入,初始小的可膨大植入物可能特别有用。后方进入对于有周边肿瘤的患者或更易遭受与更广的前方进入有关风险的患者可以是优选的。类似地,从任何外科手术进路,能够实现最小组织破坏的初始小的植入物对减小对周围组织的创伤以及增强患者康复是有用的。
一旦部署在适当位置并膨大,用于椎体切除术或椎骨切除术的植入物尽可能近地垂直填充剩余椎骨之间的空间和侧向填充剩余软组织之间空间是有利的。侧膨大可增加植入物和椎骨终板之间的接触面积。该膨大可减小装置下沉到邻近椎骨的可能性。然而,侧膨大不冲击脊髓或神经根可能是重要的。在某些情形中,控制侧膨大在特定距离或容积内可以是有用的。
可膨大植入物在取代附肢如腿和臂的长骨或部分、或肋骨或其它虽然不必但通常长大于宽的骨头也可以是有用的。例子包括但不限于股骨、胫骨、腓骨、肱骨、桡骨、尺骨、指骨、锁骨、和任何肋骨。本文描述和要求保护的机构的使用同样可应用于这类骨头或附肢的治疗或修复。类似地,可膨大植入物在至少一些其中椎间盘被更换而不置换椎体的椎骨融合过程中可以是有用的。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施方式是用于支撑骨骼结构的可膨大医疗植入物。该可膨大医疗植入物可包括侧刚硬构件和形成容积并具有上表面和相对下表面的膜。膜可连接到侧刚硬构件附近。可膨大医疗植入物也可包括在可膨大医疗植入物中的端口,以便接收驱动或保持可膨大医疗植入物膨大的流体,和填充材料,其至少占据膜并在上表面和下表面之间提供支撑。由膜形成的容积不包括侧刚硬构件。
本发明实施方式是一种椎骨空间的装置。该装置可包括可线性膨大装置,用于至少占据椎骨之间的部分空间和为神经结构提供保护,和可侧膨大装置,其连接到可线性膨大装置附近。可侧膨大装置可用于接收填充材料和将填充材料包含在可线性膨大装置后方和包围脊柱的软组织之间。
本发明的另一个实施方式是占据椎骨空间的方法。该方法可包括向椎骨空间引入椎骨假体(vertebral prosthesis),该椎骨假体包括侧刚硬可膨大构件和具有上表面和相对下表面的邻近膜。该方法也包括引入流体到椎骨假体中从而膨大或保持侧刚硬可膨大元件的膨大,和引入填充材料到椎骨假体中从而在上表面和相对下表面之间提供非流动性结构支撑。
附图说明
图1是一段腰椎的正视图。
图2是部分人脊骨的后视图。
图3是可膨大医疗植入物的一个实施方式的透视图。
图4是图3中侧刚硬构件实施方式的透视图。
图5是图4中植入物的放大透视图。
图6是图3中植入物的上端的平面图。
图7是图3中植入物的下端的平面图。
图8是图4中植入物的上端的平面图。
图9是图4中植入物的上端的平面图,其中部分端部材料移去从而示出内部或植入物。
图10是可膨大医疗植入物的一个实施方式的透视图。
图11是图10中植入物下端的平面图。
图12是可膨大医疗植入物的一个实施方式的透视图。
图13是可膨大医疗植入物的一个实施方式的上端的平面图。
图14是可膨大医疗植入物的一个实施方式的透视图。
图15是图14植入物的上端的平面图。
图16是图3中可膨大医疗植入物膨大前状态的透视图。
图17是图16中侧刚硬构件实施方式的透视图。
图18是图解通过大致后方进入引入的可膨大医疗植入物的一个实施方式的透视图。
图19是图解在椎骨间膨大的可膨大医疗植入物的一个实施方式的透视图。
具体实施方式
图3-9图解用于支撑骨骼结构的可膨大医疗植入物1的一个实施方式。所示的可膨大医疗植入物1包括侧刚硬构件3和膜5。所示侧刚硬构件3是波纹件。在某些实施方式中,可膨大医疗植入物1以膜5朝向脊柱后方取向,如字母A所示,且侧刚硬构件3朝向脊柱后方,如字母P所示。所指的取向仅用于说明目的,在不同的其他实施方式中可以改变。侧刚硬构件3的纵轴、或线性膨大方向L也被示出。在图3和4中,侧刚硬构件3以膨大状态示出。侧刚硬构件3的膨大可通过引入流体到侧刚硬构件3中实现,可以由形成该构件的材料的弹性引起、由内部或外部偏置装置引起、或由产生膨大的任何其他有效装置引起。
如图3、4、和6-9所示,侧刚硬构件3的实施方式的横截面形状是凹凸状的。然而,在其他实施方式中,侧刚硬构件3的横截面形状可以是任何功能形状的,例如但不限于,大体圆形、椭圆形、矩形、三角形、多边形、或这些形状的组合。
图4中所示的侧刚硬构件3在这里限定为“侧刚硬”,因为其显著抵抗侧向施加到其线性轴L上的力。线性膨大并抵抗侧向施加到其线性轴L上力的其他装置是图10-15中的伸缩装置。提供侧向力抵抗性的这些和其他任何装置在本发明实施方式中被考虑,并在本文权利要求的范围内。可满足这些限制的其他装置包括但不限于增强弹性体,如以增强纤维充填或与增强纤维结合的聚合物体,或由其他连接构件的膨大驱动的被动膨大体。在所示实施方式中侧向力抵抗性可用于保护后部神经结构,例如但不限于脊髓、脊柱管、和神经根。
图3-5示出从侧刚硬构件3伸出的管口2。可选地或附加地,类似的管口可从侧刚硬构件3的相对端伸出。所示管口2对侧刚硬构件3内部开口。所示球囊11从管口2的远端开口伸出。所示球囊11与侧刚硬构件3的内部流体连通。某些实施方式的管口2和球囊11构造为从侧刚硬构件3伸出并进入相邻椎骨的终板。球囊11可填充材料,如可流动材料,从而辅助连接侧刚硬构件3到邻近椎骨。在某些实施方式中,球囊11与侧刚硬构件3或膜5分开填充。球囊11可对椎骨额外具有治疗效果。例如但不限于,球囊11独自或与管口2结合可帮助稳定椎骨。用于膨胀球囊11的材料可以是可固化材料,或可以是用于膨大球囊11但不原位固化的材料。一旦膨大,球囊11也可接收永久填充球囊11或对椎骨具有额外治疗效果的额外材料。任何用于球囊11的材料也可以是如下面详细说明的填充材料100。球囊11可整体或部分是不可渗透的、半渗透的、或可渗透的,从而允许可流动材料或填充材料100接触椎骨。除了管口2或球囊11外或代替管口2或球囊11,侧刚硬构件3实施方式的端部可包括齿牙、钉刺、隆起、缺口、粗糙面(roughening)、压纹(knurling)、或增强椎骨和侧刚硬构件3之间固定的任何其他装置。图10-15的实施方式示出在侧刚硬构件端部上的钉刺22。
在图3中,膜5以膨大构型示出。膜5形成一定容积并具有上表面6和相对下表面4。所示膜5侧向邻近连接侧刚硬构件3。所示膜5和侧刚硬构件3是相邻的,由膜5形成的容积不包括侧刚硬构件3,如本文限定的。在某些实施方式中,膜5和侧刚硬构件3配置为不同容积是有利的,以便各装置的膨大可独立控制或依次或并行发生。某些实施方式的膜5经配置设置在椎骨之间并膨大以便上表面6接触第一椎骨,且相对下表面4接触第二椎骨,从而提供椎骨之间的支撑。在某些实施方式中也实现了膜5的侧膨大。例如,在图3中示出后方膨大,以及中间-侧膨大、和居间的径向膨大。如这里所用,术语侧意味着近似垂直于线性膨大方向L的方向。
膜5可整体或部分由不可渗透材料构建。膜5可包括柔顺(compliant)或不柔顺的球囊材料,如通常用于制造冠状和脊柱后凸整形术医疗装置的材料。这样的材料可包括但不限于聚酯薄膜、橡胶、聚氨酯、乙烯基树脂、胶乳、聚乙烯、离子聚合物、和聚对苯二酸乙二酯(PET)、以及柔韧性较差的材料,如Kevlar
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、PEBAX
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、不锈钢、钛、镍钛合金、和其他金属和合金和/或陶瓷。柔顺膜可包括增强从而在临床上有利地限制膜尺寸和形状中的一个或两者。根据引入膜的材料量,不柔顺膜可更弹性地膨大以更完全地填充不规则开口。
类似地,膜5可整体或部分由可渗透材料构造,这允许一定量的填充材料100通过膜5。可以通过将材料包括但不限于上面列出的膜材料制作成织物、编织物、栅网、复合物、粘接纤维组件、和本领域已知的任何其他产品,使全部或一部分可渗透。例如,上表面6和相对的下表面4的全部或部分可由可渗透材料构造从而允许填充材料100移动通过膜5并与椎骨接触。
图6和7分别示出膨大的可膨大医疗植入物1的上端和下端。所示的侧刚硬构件3包括上端帽16和下端帽14。上端帽16和下端帽14可以是不可渗透的或一定程度可渗透的,与上述膜5具有相似功能,并以相似材料制成。上端帽16和下端帽14可由与侧刚硬构件3其余部分相同的材料制成,或可由不同材料制成。图8示出至少部分由可渗透编织物或网状材料制成的上端帽16。如图所示,两个网状端17集成为上端帽16以允许一些流体或填充材料100通过,从而与邻近椎骨接触。可选地,或附加地,上端帽16可膨大或伸展与邻近椎骨接触,从而与椎骨终板的轮廓相符,以便在可膨大医疗植入物1和椎骨之间提供改善的界面。图9示出图8中上端帽16,其中两个网状端帽17移去从而示出侧刚硬构件3实施方式的内部。所示内部包括腔室13,其沿上端帽16和下端帽14之间的侧刚硬构件3的长度开口。在该实施方式中,无论侧刚硬构件3处于膨大状态或未膨大状态,腔室13都开口。波纹件的内部边缘15形成腔室13的内周边。在某些实施方式中,沿波纹件内边缘15的材料弹性可用作偏置力,从而向膨大或未膨大状态偏置侧刚硬构件3,这在不同情形中都是有利的。例如,向未膨大状态偏置侧刚硬构件3从而提供小轮廓装置以便插入是有利的。根据需要,其他装置可用于膨大装置。在其他情形中,优选向未膨大状态偏置侧刚硬构件3。借助这样的实施方式,另一个构件可用来在插入侧刚硬构件3时,将其保持在未膨大状态。插入之后,侧刚硬构件3可释放并允许将其向膨大状态增加。
图6和7示出膜5侧向连接到邻近的侧刚硬构件3。在图6的实施方式中,粘合剂可在靠近膜5上表面6的第一点18处施加在膜5和侧刚硬构件3之间。如图7所示,可以在靠近膜5的下表面4的第二点19处施加粘合剂而将膜5连接到侧刚硬构件3。
可膨大医疗植入物1的实施方式也包括用于接收流体的端口7。如关于该功能使用的,流体可以是糊剂、凝胶、液体、悬浮液、粒状混合物、或类似物质。这里描述的物质将当作流体,即使其随后固化或硬化为非流体状态。如图3-9所示,端口7连接到侧刚硬构件3。在其他实施方式中,端口7可连接到膜5,或可膨大医疗植入物1的另一部分。在某些情形中,通过端口7接收的流体驱动可膨大医疗植入物1的膨大。这可通过挤压侧刚硬构件3或膜5,或通过挤压这两者实现。在其他实施方式中,流体可用来保持某些其他力产生的膨大,如制成侧刚硬构件3或膜5的材料弹性导致的膨大,侧刚硬构件3或膜5内部或外部的偏置装置导致的膨大,或产生膨大的任何其他有效装置导致的膨大。所示端口7包括浮饰(relief)8,其可用于在植入物膨大后但在外科手术过程完成前,使端口7与侧刚硬构件3脱离。浮饰8提供脱离端口7的适当位置的触觉指示和减小的材料厚度,该材料厚度允许对切割、断裂或移去端口7较小的抵抗力。端口7可用作可膨大医疗植入物1的延伸件,其用于操纵可膨大医疗植入物1到临床有效位置。
如图4、5、8、和9所示,传输开口9提供在侧刚硬构件3和膜5之间。在某些实施方式中,传输开口9是孔,流体或填充材料100或这两者可通过该孔。在不同实施方式中,流体的通过可发生在侧刚硬构件3和膜5之间的任一方向上。如图所示,流体、填充材料100或这两者通过端口7进入侧刚硬构件3,并通过传输开口9进入膜5。在某些实施方式中,阀门提供在传输开口9中从而控制侧刚硬构件3和膜5之间的流量。阀门可通过直接操纵控制或通过连通端口7的器械控制。阀门也可以是压力致动的,以便允许流体在一定压力之上通过传输开口9。
填充材料100可作为流体进入可膨大医疗植入物1,然后在植入物中硬化或固化。在某些实施方式中,不可硬化和不固化流体用于在植入物或植入物的一个或一些构件中膨大、或用于保持膨大。填充材料100可至少引入膜5从而提供上表面6和下表面4之间的支撑。填充材料100可以是糊剂、凝胶、液体、悬浮液、粒状混合物、或类似物质。填充材料100的非限制性例子包括骨水泥、糊剂、颗粒状(morselized)同种异体移植物、自体移植物、或异种移植骨、陶瓷、或各种聚合物。示例性骨水泥是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),其可由甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸的酯、或含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯的共聚物形成。填充材料100的其他非限制性例子包括半刚性可流动或可硬化材料,如硅氧烷或不同类型的氨基甲酸乙酯材料。应进一步理解,关于本发明,可使用不必是可硬化或可固化的其他类型的填充材料100。例如,填充材料可包括材料的珠子或小颗粒或细粒,其中的一些可聚团,从而实现由于互锁或紧凑产生的更硬的稠度。在某些实施方式中,填充材料也可包括骨头生长促进物质。这类骨头生长促进物质的使用和成分在下面更详细地描述。
图10和11示出另一个实施方式的可膨大医疗植入物21。植入物的下侧在图11中以及图10中示出。所示的可膨大医疗植入物21包括侧刚硬构件23和膜25。所示的侧刚硬构件23是伸缩体,其具有钉刺22以便增强到邻近椎体的连接。在某些实施方式中,可膨大医疗植入物21以膜25朝向脊柱的前方且侧刚硬构件23朝向脊柱的后方取向。所指的取向仅用于说明的目的,并可在其他不同实施方式中改变。侧刚硬构件23以膨大状态示出。侧刚硬构件23的膨大可通过引入流体到侧刚硬构件23中实现,可由设置在侧刚硬构件23内的偏置装置产生,或由其他产生膨大的有效装置产生。膜25基本类似于上面更详细描述的膜5。也示出了连接到侧刚硬构件23的端口27。所示的浮饰28提供脱离端口27的适当位置的触觉指示和减小的材料厚度,该材料厚度允许对切割、断裂或移去端口27的较小阻力。类似于前面的实施方式,粘合剂可施加在膜25和侧刚硬构件23之间。图10和11示出这样的实施方式,其中粘合剂可施加在靠近膜25下表面24的点29处。
图12示出可膨大医疗植入物31的一个实施方式,其中膜35通过许多系带(tether)39连接到侧刚硬构件33。每个系带39可由任何生物相容材料制成。所示系带39是股绳,但在其他实施方式中可以是环、钩子、U形钉、任何类型紧固件、或能够连接膜35和侧刚硬构件33的任何其他构件。图12的实施方式中的操作和结构基本类似于本文所述的其他类似实施方式的操作和结构。
图13示出可膨大医疗植入物41的一个实施方式,其中膜45连接到侧刚硬构件43以便在膜45和侧刚硬构件43之间形成空隙46。膜45可通过任何有效机构连接到侧刚硬构件43,包括但不限于粘合剂或系带。空隙46可以填充成骨材料或治疗成分。填充可经由膜45、侧刚硬构件43或其他,通过到空隙46的开口进行。填充可通过注射器或类似装置、通过直接放置、或通过任何其他有效机构进行。成骨材料包括但不限于自体移植物、同种异体移植物、异种移植、去矿化骨头、合成和天然骨移植替代品,如生物陶瓷和聚合物、和骨头诱导因子。也可使用保持材料在装置内的独立载体。这些载体可包括胶原基载体、生物陶瓷材料如BIOGLASS
Figure BPA00001447834100081
、羟基磷灰石和磷酸钙组合物。载体材料可以以海绵、块、折叠片、腻子、糊剂、移植材料的形式或其它合适形式提供。成骨成分可包括有效量的骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)、转化生长因子β1、类胰岛素生长因子、血小板衍生的生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子、LIM矿化蛋白质(LMP)、和其组合、或其它治疗或抗感染剂,独立地或放在合适载体材料内。图13中实施方式的操作和结构基本类似于本文所述的其他类似实施方式的操作和结构。
图14和15示出可膨大医疗植入物51的实施方式,其中膜55连接到侧刚硬构件53。除了膜55适当定尺寸或以其他方式约束以便其仅填充其要设置在其中的椎间隙的一个侧面,图14和15的实施方式中的操作和结构基本类似于本文所述的其他类似实施方式的操作和结构。该椎间隙的对侧侧面可为额外植入物敞开,或可包括健康的骨材料且不需要切除或填充。膜55可包括层、内部纤维或结构、或不可膨大材料,该不可膨大材料将其膨大限制在特定尺寸和/或形状。图14和15的实施方式显示端口57靠近侧刚硬构件53的下端,以便植入物可从下椎骨向上椎骨膨大。注意,本文公开的本发明的任何实施方式可有效地从下位、上位、以至中间位置部署,并在本发明权利要求的范围内。在某些实施方式中,膜55的尺寸或形状可限制在仅填充椎间隙的任何特定部分,而不必仅侧部分。
图16和17示出在未膨大状态或收缩状态中的图3可膨大医疗植入物1。侧刚硬构件3和膜5是线性地未膨大的。膜5是侧向和线性地未膨大的。端口7可用来操纵未膨大医疗植入物1或导引植入物到其可有效部署的位置。图18和19中示出可膨大医疗植入物1一个实施方式的一种操纵。
本文公开的每个实施方式可描述为占据椎间隙的装置。这可以以用于至少占据椎骨之间部分空间并提供保护神经结构的可线性膨大装置结合连接到邻近可线性膨大装置的可侧膨大装置实现。某些实施方式的可侧膨大装置用于接收填充材料和将填充材料容纳在可侧膨大装置后方和包围脊柱的软组织之间。包围脊柱的软组织可包括但不限于韧带、肌肉、血管、动脉、和神经结构中一种或多种。
植入物实施方式可整体或部分由不同类型的生物相容材料构造。植入物材料的例子包括但不限于非增强聚合物、碳增强聚合物复合材料、PEEK和PEEK复合材料、低密度聚乙烯、形状记忆合金、钛、钛合金、钴铬合金、不锈钢、陶瓷以及其组合。如果试验性器械或植入物由射线可透材料制成,则射线照相的标记可设置在试验性器械或植入物上,从而提供射线照相法或荧光法监视和确定脊柱空间内主体位置的能力。在某些实施方式中,植入物或植入物的各构件由骨头的固体部分或其它组织构成。组织材料包括但不限于合成的或天然的自体移植物、同种异体移植物或异种移植物,并在本质上可再吸收或不可吸收。其它组织材料的例子包括但不限于硬组织、结缔组织、去矿化骨基体及其组合。
图1示出典型腰椎的四个椎骨V1-V4和三个椎间盘D1-D3,且图2示出典型胸椎的一部分。本发明的实施方式可应用于腰椎区,实施方式也可应用于颈椎或胸椎或其它骨骼结构之间。
除了可膨大医疗植入物外或作为可膨大医疗植入物的一部分,某些实施方式也可包括补充固定装置,以便进一步稳定解剖结构。例如但不限于,杆和螺钉固定系统,前方、后方、和侧方板系统,镶面稳定系统,脊柱过程稳定系统,并且任何补充稳定化的装置可用作可膨大医疗植入物的一部分或与其结合使用。本发明的实施方式在其中椎间盘被置换但未置换椎体的至少一些脊柱融合过程中是有用的。
图18和19示出可膨大医疗植入物引入椎间隙并膨大。如上所述,植入物是通过窗口W设置的,并越过神经根N。窗口W是在一段脊柱的软组织间形成的。引入的可膨大医疗植入物是椎骨假体,其包括侧刚硬可膨大构件3和具有上表面和相对下表面的邻近膜5。图18示出可膨大医疗植入物的远端首先通过窗口W引入。在其他实施方式中,可膨大医疗植入物的另一部分可首先引入,植入物引入后可对其进行其他平移和旋转操纵。
一旦可膨大植入物通过窗口W引入并适当设置在椎间隙中,其可线性和侧向膨大。图19中示出线性和侧向膨大的植入物。所示实施方式可通过端口7引入流体并进入侧刚硬构件3而膨大。通过端口7引入流体可通过压力或由注射器、喷射器、多级注射器、中央增压罐、或任何有效系统或装置产生的力引起。引入从而膨大侧刚硬构件3的流体可以是引入来仅膨大构件的流体,或在某些情形中,是最终填充材料100。当引入来膨大构件的流体不是填充材料100或不是填充材料100的组分时,在填充材料100引入后,流体可以从植入物移去。引入的流体可以是多部分填充材料的一个部分。流体或填充材料100可进一步从侧刚硬构件3进入膜5,从而线性且侧向膨大膜5。在某些实施方式中,进入侧向刚硬构件3和膜5的流动可独立控制,以便可选择性地独立填充一个或另一个。在某些实施方式中,侧刚硬构件3中额外端口或代替端口7的端口可与膜5直接连接。
在某些实施方式中,填充材料100无论通过什么有效机构引入都导致膜5上表面和下表面之间的非流体结构支撑。即使填充材料100可在开始作为流体引入,本发明实施方式提供填充材料100从而如上述固化或硬化并提供结构支撑。其它填充材料100可由于颗粒彼此互锁或与膜5互锁具有非流体状态,或响应于压紧是非流体的。
图18和19中显示可膨大医疗植入物是从大致后方入路植入的。然而,本发明的实施方式可包括从任何外科入路植入,包括但不限于后方、侧方、前方、经椎弓根(transpedicular)、侧外腔(lateral extracavitary)、结合椎板切除术(laminectomy)、结合肋骨椎骨横突切除术(costotransversectomy)、或通过这些和其他入路的任意组合。
本发明的各种方法实施方式在本文是参考特定可膨大医疗植入物描述的。然而,在某些情形中,每种公开的方法实施方式可应用于每个可膨大医疗植入物,或可应用于如关于各方法实施方式公开的那样可操作的一些其他植入物。
术语,如下、上、前、后、下位、上位、侧、中、对侧等,在这里用来表示相对位置。然而,这些术语不限于特定坐标方向,而是用于参考特定实施方式描述相对位置。这些术语通常不限制权利要求的范围。
虽然本公开中详细示出并描述了本发明的实施方式,但本公开在本质上应该当做说明性的而非限制性的。所有在本发明精神内的变化和修改都应该当做在本公开的范围内。

Claims (22)

1.一种支撑骨骼结构的可膨大医疗植入物,其包括:
侧刚硬构件;
形成容积并具有上表面和相对下表面的膜,所述膜连接到邻近的所述侧刚硬构件;以及
在所述可膨大医疗植入物中的端口,其接收驱动或保持所述可膨大医疗植入物的膨大的流体;
其中由所述膜形成的容积不包括所述侧刚硬构件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述侧刚硬构件是可线性膨大的波纹件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述侧刚硬构件是伸缩体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述膜至少部分地是不可渗透膜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述膜至少部分地是可渗透膜。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述膜是侧向可膨大的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述膜侧向连接到邻近的所述侧刚硬构件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的可膨大医疗植入物,进一步包括至少一个在所述膜和所述侧刚硬构件之间的系带。
9.根据权利要求7所述的可膨大医疗植入物,进一步包括在所述膜和所述侧刚硬构件之间的粘合剂。
10.根据权利要求7所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述膜在其上表面附近的第一点并在其下表面附近的第二点连接到所述侧刚硬构件。
11.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述膜连接到所述侧刚硬构件以形成空隙,所述空隙可用所述膜和所述侧刚硬构件之间的成骨材料填充。
12.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述膜被定尺寸或约束,以便其可仅填充椎间隙的一个侧面且不填充对侧侧面。
13.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述可膨大医疗植入物中所述端口是所述侧刚硬构件中的开口。
14.根据权利要求13所述的可膨大医疗植入物,进一步包括从所述侧刚硬构件到所述膜的传输开口。
15.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述可膨大医疗植入物中所述端口是所述膜中的开口。
16.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,进一步包括至少占据所述膜并提供所述上表面和所述下表面之间支撑的填充材料。
17.根据权利要求16所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述填充材料是可固化填充材料。
18.根据权利要求17所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述可固化填充材料是骨水泥。
19.根据权利要求16所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述填充材料是糊剂。
20.根据权利要求16所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述填充材料源自哺乳动物骨。
21.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述驱动或保持所述可膨大医疗植入物的膨大的流体是可固化填充材料。
22.根据权利要求1所述的可膨大医疗植入物,其中所述可膨大植入物被配置为放置在椎骨之间,并且所述膜的上表面接触第一椎骨且所述膜的相对下表面接触第二椎骨。
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