JP4296557B2 - Root cutting device for root crop harvesting machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a root cutting device of a root vegetable crop harvester that harvests root vegetable crops having root parts close to a sphere, such as large persimmons and onions.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The root vegetable crops vegetated in the field are sandwiched and transported by the nipping and transporting device, and the root vegetable portion is pulled out from the ground. There is a root crop crop harvesting machine that cuts the leaf stem portion with the obtained cutting device to harvest the root vegetable portion (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 8-298835, etc.). On the other hand, in root crops, roots grow at the bottom of root crops, which may need to be cut. For this reason, when harvesting in the above-described form, a harvesting machine that cuts and removes the roots together has been proposed as Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-242646. Thus, the root cutting mechanism in the preceding example cuts the roots with a cutting blade that moves at substantially the same inclination as that of the sandwiching and transporting device in the first half of the process of transporting the root vegetable crop in a holding posture by the sandwiching and transporting device. Is.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the hanging height of the root vegetable crops by the sandwiching and conveying device is not constant due to resistance at the time of pulling out. For this reason, the height of the root vegetable part (root height) and the set cutting blade height do not always match each other, and a part of the root vegetable part is cut or the root is cut too much. There are things to do. In addition, the size of the root vegetable part is not uniform, and the cut portion is different from this. The present invention addresses such problems, and by cutting the roots in the process of aligning the height in the middle of conveyance, it is possible to absorb as much as possible the difference between the sandwiching height and the size of the root vegetable part. is there.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Under the above-described problems, the present invention is configured to hold the leaf stem portion of the root vegetable crop with the holding conveyance device obliquely inclined rearward, pull out the root vegetable portion from the ground, and then convey it upward and rearward of the holding conveyance device. Align the height of the root vegetable part with the height alignment transport device provided below, further convey backward with the leaf stem discharge device provided above the height alignment transport device, and below the leaf stem discharge device In root crop crop harvesting machine that cuts leaf stem part at a predetermined length with the provided leaf stem part cutting device, root vegetable part that is transported while aligning height with height aligning transport device below height aligning transport device the roots provided root cutting device drum shaft consists of a drum-type cutter provided in parallel with the conveying direction for cutting Rutotomoni, a guide body which surrounds both sides from the front of the drum-type cutter to guide the bottom of the root portion to the upper root crops harvested, characterized in that provided It is obtained by providing a root cutting device.
[0005]
By taking the above means, that is, since the root cutting device is provided in the process of being transported while the height of the root vegetable portion is adjusted by the height aligning and transporting device, the height position of the root vegetable portion is determined. Even if different from the others, since this is a process to be corrected, naturally the cutting position of the root is also made accurate, which is preferable for cutting only the root. Therefore, the difference in the size of the root vegetable part can be dealt with at a minimum.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 7 is a side view of a root vegetable crop harvesting machine to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 8 is a plan view. This root vegetable crop harvesting machine (hereinafter referred to as a harvesting machine) has a crawler type traveling device 1. It comprises a self-propelled vehicle body (airframe) 2 having a self-propelled function. As described above, the root crops 3 such as large persimmons are planted on the straw 4, but this harvester first grabs the leaf stem portion 3 a of the root crop 3 and pulls out the root crop portion 3 b, and then extracts this. It is transported rearward and upper to cut the leaf stem portion 3a and harvest only the root vegetable portion 3b. This is performed while the machine body 2 runs in the direction along the ridge 4.
[0007]
For this purpose, the leaf stem portion 3a harvested by the leaf splitting device 6 that rotates the tine 5 backward in the rear inclined vertical plane is separated from the leaf stem portion 3a that does not, and the tine 7 that rotates backward in the rear inclined horizontal plane. Only the leaf stem portion 3a harvested by the scraping device 8 is scraped backward. The leaf stem portion 3a scraped by the scraping device 8 is composed of a pair of belts 9 that rotate backward together while sandwiching the leaf stem portion 3a between the opposing surfaces in a rear-inclined horizontal plane provided behind it. The root vegetable portion 3b is pulled out from the ground by being sandwiched by the sandwiching and transporting device 10. At this time, a vibration device 12 is provided at the lower part of the starting end of the holding and conveying device 10 so that a vibrating blade 11 having an L-shape in front view is inserted into the soil to loosen the soil around the root vegetable portion 3b. It becomes easy.
[0008]
The extracted root vegetable part 3b is transported rearward and upward by the sandwiching and conveying device 10 together with the leaf stem portion 3a. At this time, the root vegetable crop 3 is suspended substantially vertically by the sandwiching and conveying device 10. Become. The clamping position of the leaf stem portion 3a depends on the starting end height of the clamping conveyance device 10, and this height needs to be appropriately changed. Therefore, the holding and conveying device 10 and the height aligning and conveying device 13 and the leaf stem discharging device 14 which will be described later are configured in one rear set 15, and this rear set 15 is used for the fulcrum shaft 16 provided in the machine body 2. It is adjusted by turning it up and down.
[0009]
The rear part set 15 of this example includes a height aligning and conveying device 13, a leaf stem portion discharging device 14, a leaf stem portion auxiliary discharging device 17, and a leaf stem portion cutting device 18. Among these, the height alignment conveyance device 13 is suspended below the rear portion of the nipping / conveying device 10 by the attachment material 40 with respect to the frame 39 of the nipping / conveying device 10, and the leaf stem portion is opposed by the opposing surface in the horizontal plane. It comprises a pair of horizontally stretched belts 19 that rotate backward while holding 3a. The leaf stem portion discharge device 14 is a support arm 41 that extends from the body 2 at the rear portion thereof, and a stay 42 that is also attached to the frame 39 at the front portion. A pair of horizontal members whose lower ends are overlapped with the end portions of the height aligning and conveying device 13 and are rotated backward together while sandwiching the leaf stem portion 3a by the opposing surface in the horizontal plane. The belt 20 is stretched in the direction.
[0010]
The leaf stem sub-discharge device 17 is provided above the leaf stem portion discharge device 14 by the support arm 41, and has a protruding chain 21 that rotates backward in a horizontal plane and a push that is elastically pressed by the chain 21. The plate 22 is configured to sandwich the leaf stem portion 3a between the protrusion-equipped chain 21 and the push plate 22, and is conveyed rearward. In this example, the leaf stem portion cutting device 18 is a device in which two disk cutters 23 rotating in a horizontal plane are partially overlapped, and the leaf stem portion 3a is sandwiched and cut by the overlapping portion. It is. By the way, each of these devices is forcibly driven, and the drive mechanism is as follows.
[0011]
First, the transmission pulley 24 is attached to the fulcrum shaft 16, and the power transmitted thereto is transmitted to the input pulley 26 of the leaf stem cutting device 18 by the chain belt mechanism 25. The power transmitted to the input pulley 26 drives the disc cutter 23. The power transmitted to the input pulley 26 of the leaf stem cutting device 18 is further transmitted to the input pulley 29 of the leaf stem discharge device 14 by the chain belt mechanism 28, and the power transmitted to each input pulley 29 is respectively The belt 20 is driven. Further, the input pulley 29 and the input pulley 31 of the nipping / conveying device 10 are connected by a chain belt mechanism 32, thereby driving the belt 9 of the nipping / conveying device 10.
[0012]
The power transmitted to one input pulley 29 also drives the chain 21 with protrusions of the leaf stem sub-discharge device 17. The power transmission to the height aligning and conveying device 13 is transmitted through the universal joint 35 between the terminal pulley 33 and the start pulley 34 of the leaf stem discharging device 14. In this case, the length of the universal joint 35 can be changed along with its inclination, and the height of the universal joint 35 is changed by changing the attachment position of the attachment material 40 to the frame 39 for the purpose of changing the length of the leaf stem portion 3a to be cut. It is also possible to cope with the height adjustment of the aligning and conveying device 13.
[0013]
As described above, when the root crop 3 having the leaf stem portion 3a sandwiched by the sandwiching and transporting device 10 is applied to the height aligning and transporting device 13, it is also sandwiched by the height aligning and transporting device 13 and transported backward. At this time, as it goes to the rear of the height aligning / conveying device 13, the vertical distance from the nipping / conveying device 10 becomes wider, so that the leaf stem portion 3 a is broken in this state (however, the horizontal conveying speed component is Set the same). For this reason, the clamping force of the belt 19 of the height aligning / conveying device 13 is made weaker than that of the belt 9 of the clamping / conveying device 10 so that the leaf stem portion 3a can pass through the belt 19 upward. Yes. However, the root vegetable portion 3b cannot pass through the belt 19, and therefore, at the end of the root vegetable portion 3b, the root (upper portion) of the root vegetable portion 3b rises until it is rubbed against the lower end of the belt 19. Thereby, when the root vegetable crop 3 remove | deviates from the height alignment conveyance apparatus 13, the height of the shoulder of the root vegetable part 3b comes to align.
[0014]
When the leaf stem portion 3a is applied to the vicinity of the end of the height aligning and conveying device 13, the leaf stem portion discharging device 14 is now sandwiched and conveyed rearward. At this time, since the end portion of the height aligning / conveying device 13 and the starting end portion of the leaf stem discharging device 14 are partially polymerized, the leaf stem 3a is not removed from the height aligning / conveying device 13. It will be clamped by the part discharge device 14, and the inheritance will be ensured. In this state, the leaf stem portion 3a is sandwiched between the holding and conveying device 10, the height aligning and conveying device 13, and the leaf stem portion discharging device 14. Of these, the leaf stem portion discharging device 14 is included. The clamping force of the belt 19 is maximized among these three. Therefore, the leaf stem portion 3 a sandwiched by the sandwiching and conveying device 10 is pulled out from the belt 9 and descends, and the height of the root vegetable portion 3 b is kept at the height sandwiched by the leaf stem portion discharging device 14. During this time, the leaf stem portion 3 a is released from the belt 9 of the holding and conveying device 10 and is handed over to the protruding chain 21 of the leaf stem portion auxiliary discharge device 17.
[0015]
When the leaf stem portion 3a begins to be conveyed by the leaf stem portion discharging device 14 and the leaf stem portion auxiliary discharging device 17 (the root vegetable portion 3b is also attached), the leaf stem portion 3a is detached from the height aligning and conveying device 13, and thereafter the leaf stems. A portion below the section discharge device 14 is in a free state and reaches the leaf stem cutting device 18, and the leaf stem portion 3 a is cut at the overlapping portion of the disk cutter 23. The disc cutter 23 at this time rotates in the direction in which the leaf stem portion 3a is pushed out together, thereby increasing the cutting performance. By the way, since the cutting height (length) of the leaf stem portion 3a is not changed after the root vegetable portion 3b is detached from the height aligning and conveying device 13, the belt of the height aligning and conveying device 13 is used. That is, the height (length) from the lower end of 17 to the disc cutter 23 of the cutting device 18. In this case, since the height aligning and conveying device 13 and the leaf stem discharging device 14 are both installed horizontally below the sandwiching and conveying device 10 provided obliquely, the height aligning and conveying device 13 and the leaf stem portion are disposed. A sufficient space is ensured between the discharging device 14 and the cutting length of the leaf stem portion 3a. In Oiso, etc., the leaves and stems 3 may be harvested for a long time so that they can be dealt with.
[0016]
The leaf stem portion 3a cut by the leaf stem portion cutting device 18 is guided by the guide 36 by the leaf stem portion discharging device 14 and the leaf stem portion auxiliary discharging device 17 and discharged to the rear of the machine body 2. On the other hand, the root vegetable portion 3b cut from the leaf stem portion 3a falls downward. At this time, a cargo collecting device 38 including a slat conveyor 37 that moves in the right direction of the machine body 2 is provided. The root vegetable portion 3 b is received by the collection device 38 and sent to the rear right side of the machine body 2. The rear right part of the machine body 2 is set as a sorting zone, and an operator who moves with this harvesting machine separates good products and defective products in this sorting zone. Send them to the back and perform a specific collection work.
[0017]
The present invention is provided with a root cutting device 43 that cuts the root 3c growing on the bottom of the root vegetable portion 3b in addition to the cutting of the leaf stem portion 3a. In this case, the root cutting device 43 is provided below the height aligning / conveying device 13, and when the leaf stem cutting device 18 is applied, the root 3c is already cut. FIG. 1 is a partially sectional side view showing a first example of the root cutting device 43, and FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view, but the root cutting device 43 of this example is partially overlapped and forcibly rotated. A guide plate comprising two disc cutters 44 and a plate body 46 which is fixedly attached from the front to the top and has a groove 45 which allows passage of the root 3c in the center and abuts the bottom surface of the root vegetable portion 3b. 47, which are provided upright from the transmission box 48.
[0018]
An input pulley 49 is attached to the transmission box 48, and power is transmitted to the input pulley 49 from the transmission pulley 24 by the chain belt mechanism 50. The power transmitted to the input pulley 49 is transmitted to the disk cutter 44 via the bevel mechanism 51. In addition, the transmission box 48 in this case is configured to be movable up and down with respect to the support member 52 attached to the support arm 42 and the like, and is always urged upward by a spring 53.
[0019]
Accordingly, when the root vegetable crop 3 conveyed rearward and upward by the sandwiching and conveying device 10 is placed on the height aligning and conveying device 13 and the rise of the root vegetable portion 3b is regulated, only the root 3c is a groove of the guide plate 47. 45, and the bottom is conveyed backward while contacting the plate 46, and only the root 3c existing below the guide plate 47 is cut by the disc cutter 44. In this case, the front end of the guide plate 47 is formed to be forwardly lowered, and the bottom portion of the root vegetable portion 3b that gradually rises is smoothly scooped up. Further, since the transmission box 48 is biased upward so as to be movable up and down, it is possible to cope with a difference in the size of the root vegetable portion 3b. Further, the bottom of the root vegetable portion 3b comes into contact with the plate body 46, and the soil attached to this portion is dropped while the root 3c passes through the groove 45, which is convenient for cutting. The root vegetable crop 3 from which the root 3c of the root vegetable portion 3b has been cut is conveyed by the leaf stem portion discharging device 14, and the leaf stem portion cutting device 18 cuts the predetermined height of the leaf stem portion 3a.
[0020]
3 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the root cutting device 43 according to the second example, and FIG. 4 is a partial rear view, but the root cutting device 43 of this example is replaced with the guide plate 47 of the first example, A root clamping belt 54 is provided from the front to the bottom of the disk cutter 44. The root 3c of the root vegetable part 3b that rises by the root clamping belt 54 is clamped and cut by the disk cutter 44. According to this example, when the root 3c is cut by the disc cutter 44, the root 3c is clamped by the root clamping belt 54, so that the soil adhering to the root 3c is positively dropped, and the cutting is reliably performed. Done. The transmission box 48 of this example is fixedly attached to the support material 52 so that the height of the disc cutter 44 matches the height of the largest root vegetable portion 3b, but can be moved up and down in the same manner as described above. It may be.
[0021]
5 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the root cutting device 43 according to the third example, and FIG. 4 is a partial rear view. The root cutting device 43 of this example includes a single drum cutter 55 and a drum cutter. A guide body 56 that guides the bottom of the root vegetable portion 3b from the front to the top of 55 and surrounds both sides. The guide body 56 includes a support plate 57 that supports the bottom portion of the root vegetable portion 3b that is inclined upward and descends, and a side plate 58 that is continuous with the support plate 57 and surrounds both sides of the root vegetable portion 3b to form a passage. It consists of and. Thereby, when the root vegetable part 3b is passing between the side plates 58, the root 3c is cut by the drum cutter 55 below the side plate 58. Also in this case, when cutting the root 3c, the root vegetable portion 3b is pressed on both sides by the side plate 58, so that the soil removal is enforced, the jump is suppressed, and the cutting is ensured.
[0022]
In this case, since the shaft 59 of the drum cutter 55 is oriented in the front-rear direction, the transmission box 60 is provided at the rear of the shaft 59 (the power is transmitted from the input pulley 62 by the bevel gear mechanism 61 or the like). Power is transmitted by a chain belt mechanism 66 from a transmission pulley 65 fixed to a support member 64 or the like behind the frame 63 (this transmission pulley 65 is connected to the chain belt mechanism 67 from the transmission pulley 24 described above. To convey power). In this way, the transmission box 60 and the frame 63 can be rotated up and down around the input pulley 62 and the transmission pulley 65, respectively, so that the vertical height and the front / rear inclination of the drum cutter 55 can be adjusted, and the root vegetable portion 3b. It will be possible to deal with differences in the size of the. In addition, you may make this vertical motion follow the length of the leaf stem part 3a.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention provides the root cutting device in a process in which the height of the root vegetable part is adjusted by the height aligning and conveying device, so that the root height of the root vegetable part is different from the others. However, since this is a process to be corrected, the root cutting position is naturally unified, which is preferable for cutting only the root. Therefore, the difference in the size of the root vegetable part can be dealt with at a minimum.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partial sectional side view of a root cutting device showing a first example of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a root cutting device showing a first example of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a partial sectional side view of a root cutting device showing a second example of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a partial rear view of a root cutting device showing a second example of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a root cutting device showing a third example of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a partial rear view of a root cutting device showing a third example of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a side view of a root crop crop harvester to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a root vegetable crop harvesting machine to which the present invention is applied.
[Explanation of symbols]
3 Root crop 3a 〃 Leaf stem portion 3b 根 Root vegetable portion 3c Root root portion 10c Root root portion 10 Nipping and conveying device 13 Height aligning and conveying device 14 Leaf and stem portion discharging device 18 Leaf and stem portion cutting device 43 Root cutting device 44 Disc cutter 47 Guide plate 53 Spring 54 Root clamping belt 55 Drum cutter 56 Guide body 57 Support plate 58 Side plate

Claims (2)

A height-conveying device provided at the lower rear of the nipping and conveying device, holding the leaf stem portion of the root vegetable crop with the nipping and conveying device obliquely installed at the rear and pulling out the root vegetable portion from the ground and conveying it upward. Align the height of the root vegetable part with the leaf stem part discharging device provided above the height aligning and conveying device, and further transporting the leaves with the leaf stem part cutting device provided below the leaf stem part discharging device. In the root crop crop harvester that cuts the stem part at a predetermined length, the drum axis that cuts the root of the root vegetable part that is transported while aligning the height with the height aligning transport device is below the height aligning transport device in the transport direction root crops harvested, characterized in that a guide body which surrounds both sides to guide the bottom of the root portion Rutotomoni provided root cutting apparatus comprising a drum-shaped cutter provided in parallel, from the front of the drum-type cutter toward upwardly Machine root cutting device. The guide body is composed of a support plate that supports the bottom of the root vegetable part that rises while being inclined forward and downward, and a side plate that is continuous with the support plate and surrounds both sides of the root vegetable part to form a passage. 1 root cutting device of root crop harvesting machine .

Images