JP4277199B2 - 損傷を最小にする総合的なひざの関節形成術方法と器具 - Google Patents
損傷を最小にする総合的なひざの関節形成術方法と器具 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011883 total knee arthroplasty Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 title description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 title description 2
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 claims description 112
- 241001422033 Thestylus Species 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002271 resection Methods 0.000 description 56
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 33
- 210000002303 tibia Anatomy 0.000 description 30
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 210000004417 patella Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000426 patellar ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 241001227561 Valgus Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000469816 Varus Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/14—Surgical saws ; Accessories therefor
- A61B17/15—Guides therefor
- A61B17/154—Guides therefor for preparing bone for knee prosthesis
- A61B17/157—Cutting tibia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/08—Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/0801—Prevention of accidental cutting or pricking
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- Transplantation (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
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- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
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Description
従って、本発明は、筋肉や腱、靭帯等のような柔らかな組織を切断したり、損傷させる量を最小にするように、総合的なひざの関節形成術を行えるようにした新規な器具を提供することを目的とするものである。
さらに、本発明は、このような器具を用いて、総合的なひざの関節形成術を行えるようにした新規な方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
(a)前記切除された端部付近の後方または前方の前記大腿骨の部位を置くことができるように表面を有するベース部を備え、
(b)前記ベース部から上方に延びるように支持部材を備え、この際、前記支持部材は前記ベース部から離れる方向で上方に延びるように細長いスロットを有し、
(c)前記スロット内に移動可能なように取付けられるスライド移動自在の部材を備え、
(d)前記ベースの表面に向ったり、離れるように、前記スライド移動自在の部材とともに移動可能なようにスタイラスを備え、この際、前記スタイラスは前記ベースの表面と実質的に平行となるように大腿部との係合面を有することを特徴とする寸法測定用のガイド部を提供する。
また、本発明は、複数の互いに関連した部品からなる器具を構成するが、これら部品には、切除用の鋸歯(刃)の移動経路を制御するためのガイド面とスロットと、ガイド面を適切に位置決めさせる調整手段と、さらに、例えば、切除作業を行う際に、この付近の切除用の鋸歯の移動経路から靭帯のような柔らかな組織の特別な部位を遠ざけるように移動させたり、または切除作業中に特定の箇所を越えて切除用の鋸歯が移動するのを防ぐ、保護用の部品を含むことができる。本発明における重要な特徴は、従来技術で以前に行われていた切除作業と比較して、脛骨の基部側の端部と大腿骨の端部の双方とも内方または側方のいずれかで行うことができる点にある。
図1〜3を参照すると、符合10を用いて、脛骨の切除用のガイド部(tibial resection guide)を示しており、図の破線で示した脛骨Tの基部側の端部に使用されたときの図を示している。尚、参照上、図示した脛骨Tの領域において、符合T-1は側方の皮質、符合T-2は前方の皮質、符合T-3は内側の皮質、符合T-4は前方内側の皮質を示している。また、図1の破線に示された部位において、符合L-1は内側の側枝の靭帯、符合L-2は側方の側枝の靭帯、符合L-3は膝蓋骨Pに取付けられた膝蓋骨の腱を示している。図2では、膝蓋骨の腱L-3に沿って、大腿骨Fと膝蓋骨Pを破線で示している。
大腿骨の端部を切除するためには、脛骨Tと面する切除された端部の表面が患者の大腿骨の構造上の軸方向に対して垂直になるように関節丘を切除することが重要になる。従来技術における総合的なひざの関節形成術の一般的な手法では、骨髄内の管(intramedullary canal)内に、大腿骨の解剖学上の軸(anatomical axis)に沿って、わずかに前方から開始して関節丘内のノッチ部まで、数インチ(1インチ=2.54cm)程、孔をドリル加工している。関節丘の間の大腿骨の中央の溝部から大腿部の転子の中央まで延びる、この解剖学上の軸は、上記溝部を通る大腿部の頭部の中央からくるぶしの中央まで延びる、構造上の軸に対して、通常、5〜6度程度、わずかに傾斜している。このドリル加工に続いて、骨髄内の管内に沿って、ここから外側に出るように、孔内に調整(アラインメント)用のロッド部材を配置させる。さらに、この調整用のロッド部材とともに調整(アラインメント)用のガイド部材を用いて、切除される関節丘の前方から後方まで、所定の経路に沿って切除用の器具を配向させるようにする。
切除用のガイド部149は、正面側16又は背面側から平行に眺めたとき、略台形(又は不等辺四辺形)の形状を有している。また、この部位は第一端部17から第二端部18まで長手方向に延びている。この第一端部17と隣接して、かつこの部位と垂直方向に第二端部18に向って延びるように第一平面壁部19を設けている。また、第二端部18から第一端部17に向かって延びるように、第二端部18に対して垂直方向で、上記第一平面壁部19と同一平面上に第二平面壁部20を設けている。また、第一平面壁部19から外側に延びるように第一の拡大された肩部19Aを設けている。また、第二平面壁部20から外側に延びるように第二の拡大された肩部20Aを設けている。これら第一の拡大された肩部19Aと第二の拡大された肩部20Aの間は、細長い溝部21によって区別されている。さらに、この細長い溝部21内に設けられて、この外側に延びるように骨髄内のアームアセンブリ60を取付けているが、この機能については以下において詳述する。
4° 86°
6° 84°
8° 82°
また、側部のチャンファーブロック220に備える端部225は、大腿骨Fの用意された端部と並び、かつ基部側の端部226と反対側に並べられる。
切除用スロット204−垂直方向から90°〜95°
切除用スロット205−垂直方向から93°〜96°
ガイドスロット206−垂直方向から45°
(垂直方向から135°の角度を含む)
図23〜25に示した前方/後方の側部に取付けられる寸法測定用のガイド部400はベース部402を備えており、この中央部の第一端部401には第一脚部406が、また反対側の第二端部403には第二脚部404が設けられており、これら脚部は中央部とともに略U字形状の構造を形成するようにしている。ベース部402の端部からは、上記第一端部401の領域から上方に延びるように支持部材408が設けられており、好ましくは、この支持部材408はベース部402と一体に形成されており、かつベース部402に対してほぼ直角に交差するように設けられている。これらベース部402と上方に延びる支持部材408は共通の正面409を有している。また、上方に延びる支持部材408はこの大部分にわたってのびるように細長い第一スロット410を備えており、かつこのスロット410の開口部が第一端部401から第二端部403に面するようにしている。また、上方に延びる支持部材408には第一スロット410に対して90°の角度となるように、細長い第二スロット412を設けており、正面409から後方に延ばして、第一スロット410によって定められる開口部とつながるようにしている。上記第一スロット410内にはスライド自在なようにガイド部415が取付けられており、この部材は、寸法測定用のガイド部400の正面409の方向とほぼ平行な方向にガイド用の調整孔415を貫通するように備えている。正面409からスライド移動自在のガイド部414に対するアクセスは、第二スロット412を介して行うことができる。
100 大腿部の切除用のガイドアセンブリ
149 切除用のガイド部
217 側部の大腿骨の切除用ガイド部
250 大腿部用のノッチブロック
300 大腿部の切除用のガイドアセンブリ
400 寸法測定用のガイド部
500 寸法測定用のガイド部
Claims (11)
- 切除された端部を有する大腿骨に用いる、大腿部の前方−後方の寸法測定用のガイド部であって、
(a)前記切除された端部付近の後方または前方の前記大腿骨の部位を置くことができるように表面を有するベース部を備え、
(b)前記ベース部から上方に延びるように支持部材を備え、この際、前記支持部材は前記ベース部から離れる方向で上方に延びるように細長いスロットを有し、
(c)前記スロット内に移動可能なように取付けられるスライド移動自在の部材を備え、
(d)前記ベースの表面に向ったり、離れるように、前記スライド移動自在の部材とともに移動可能なようにスタイラスを備え、この際、前記スタイラスは前記ベースの表面と実質的に平行となるように大腿部との係合面を有することを特徴とする寸法測定用のガイド部。 - さらに、前記スライド移動自在の部材を貫通して延びるように開口部を備えて、前記ベースの表面と平行な軸方向に沿って前記開口部を延ばしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の寸法測定用のガイド部。
- さらに、前記支持部材から延びるように端部側のアームを備え、この際、前記端部側のアームに前記大腿骨の端部と当接できるように係合面を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の寸法測定用のガイド部。
- 前記スライド移動自在の部材は、前記ベースの表面と平行で、かつ前記端部側のアームの係合面と平行な軸方向に沿って延びるように開口部を備えることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の寸法測定用のガイド部。
- さらに、前記ベースの表面と係合可能なようにウエッジ部を備え、この際、前記ウエッジ部は前記支持部材の近くの厚さを薄くし、かつ前記支持部材から離れた箇所の厚さをより厚くするようにテーパ付けられており、さらに前記ウエッジ部は前記後方または前方の大腿骨の一部を置けるように表面を有することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の寸法測定用のガイド部。
- 前記ウエッジ部のテーパ付けられた角度は1°〜8°の範囲内にあることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の寸法測定用のガイド部。
- 前記スライド移動自在の部材は、前記端部側のアームの係合面と平行な軸方向に沿って延びるように開口部を有し、さらに、前記軸方向と前記ベース部の前記表面の間の角度を変化させる手段を有することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の寸法測定用のガイド部。
- 前記スライド移動自在の部材は前記スロット内で回転可能であって、前記軸方向と前記ベース部の表面の間の角度を変化させる手段は前記端部側のアームを前記スライド移動自在の部材に対して接続する手段を備えて、これらとともに回転できるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の寸法測定用のガイド部。
- 前記支持部材は前記端部側のアームと面するように第二のスロットを備え、さらに、前記第二のスロットを通るように延びて、前記端部側のアームを前記スライド移動自在の部材に対して接続させて、これらとともに回転できるようにする接続部を備えたことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の寸法測定用のガイド部。
- 請求項2に記載された寸法測定用のガイド部と、前記開口部を通るように延びるガイドピンとを組み合わせたことを特徴とする組合せ。
- 請求項4に記載された寸法測定用のガイド部と、前記開口部を通るように延びるガイドピンとを組み合わせたことを特徴とする組合せ。
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US36199002P | 2002-03-05 | 2002-03-05 | |
PCT/US2003/006129 WO2003075740A2 (en) | 2002-03-05 | 2003-02-28 | Minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty method and instrumentation |
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JP4277199B2 true JP4277199B2 (ja) | 2009-06-10 |
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US (2) | US7172596B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1480549A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4277199B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003216460A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2474967C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003075740A2 (ja) |
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US7048741B2 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2006-05-23 | Swanson Todd V | Method and apparatus for minimally invasive knee arthroplasty |
-
2003
- 2003-02-28 CA CA002474967A patent/CA2474967C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-28 WO PCT/US2003/006129 patent/WO2003075740A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-02-28 US US10/377,068 patent/US7172596B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-28 AU AU2003216460A patent/AU2003216460A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-28 JP JP2003574022A patent/JP4277199B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-28 EP EP03744134A patent/EP1480549A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-08-04 US US11/198,453 patent/US20050273115A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2474967C (en) | 2009-09-29 |
US20030171757A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
EP1480549A2 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
AU2003216460A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
WO2003075740A3 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
US20050273115A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
EP1480549A4 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
CA2474967A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
JP2006504442A (ja) | 2006-02-09 |
AU2003216460A8 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
US7172596B2 (en) | 2007-02-06 |
WO2003075740A2 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
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