JP4248841B2 - Crop cultivation method with reduced inhibition of germination growth inhibition by chemical substances - Google Patents
Crop cultivation method with reduced inhibition of germination growth inhibition by chemical substances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4248841B2 JP4248841B2 JP2002298434A JP2002298434A JP4248841B2 JP 4248841 B2 JP4248841 B2 JP 4248841B2 JP 2002298434 A JP2002298434 A JP 2002298434A JP 2002298434 A JP2002298434 A JP 2002298434A JP 4248841 B2 JP4248841 B2 JP 4248841B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rice
- seeds
- germination
- seed
- cultivation method
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Description
【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、農薬などの化学物質による発芽生育阻害を軽減除去した作物栽培方法に関する。更に詳細には、種子を播種し、発芽段階において除草剤、殺虫剤、殺菌剤、殺虫殺菌剤などの農薬等の化学物質を適用して作物を栽培する際に、多孔性物質を種子に接触させることにより、化学物質の発芽および生育に対する阻害作用を軽減もしくは除去して作物を栽培する作物栽培方法に関する。
本発明の作物栽培方法により、農薬などの化学物質が種子の発芽に与える発芽阻害、更にはその後の実生の生育に与える生育阻害などの悪影響を軽減もしくは除去することができ、作物を有効に栽培することが可能になる。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
作物栽培では一般的に除草剤、殺虫剤、殺菌剤、殺虫殺菌剤などの農薬等の化学物質が使用される。しかしながら、農薬などの化学物質は、雑草防除や害虫駆除などにより作物栽培にとって有益ではあるが、他方においては、作物の生育を阻害するという有害な面も有する。このような農薬等の作物に対する生育阻害を軽減もしくは除去する方法としては、生育阻害作用を有しない農薬を初めから選定して用いる方法、農薬の薬害を軽減できる別の化合物をセーフナーとして更に添加する方法、農薬の使用時期を発芽後のある程度生育した作物に制限する方法などが挙げられる。
しかしながら、生育阻害作用を有しない農薬を選定する場合には、使用可能な農薬が限定され、使用したい農薬が使用できないという欠点がある。セーフナーを用いる場合には、適切なセーフナーの選択が困難であり、また選択できたとしても農薬費が嵩むという問題がある。農薬の使用時期を制限する場合には、特に雑草防除の必要のある発芽段階の作物に対して農薬が使用できない、あるいは使用できても使用できる薬剤の種類が限定されるという難点がある。
【０００３】
近年では、水稲の種子などを水田に直接播種して栽培する直播栽培が、栽培の簡便さなどからその普及が見込まれている。水稲を直播栽培する際には、水稲が発芽し生育する時期と同時期に雑草なども発生し育つため、特に種子の播種から発芽段階において除草剤などの農薬の使用が望まれる。しかしながら、上記したように、発芽段階において農薬を使用した場合には、農薬による作物の発芽阻害が問題となる。従って、発芽段階においても除草剤などの農薬の使用が可能となるような新たな作物栽培方法の開発が特に望まれている。
【０００４】
他方、新たな種子の開発も行われており、例えば、活性炭を含むゲル層で種子を被覆し、富酸素化処理して種子からの発根を促進する方法（特許文献１）、脱ぷしたイネ玄米の外表面を活性炭などを含む被膜で被覆した被覆種子により種子伝染病性病害を防除する方法（特許文献２）などが提案されている。また、種子籾に活性炭などの多孔性物質を粉衣して、水稲育苗における細菌性病害を防除する方法も提案されている（特許文献３）。
しかしながら、これらの方法のいずれもが、種子の発芽段階において除草剤などの農薬を使用しない方法であり、種子の発芽段階において除草剤などの農薬を使用した場合の、農薬による発芽および生育阻害を低減もしくは除去することについては、全く検討がなされていない。
【０００５】
【特許文献１】
特開平９−１３５６０８号公報
【特許文献２】
特開平９−２４８０１７号公報
【特許文献３】
特開平５−３１６８１７号公報
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の課題は、発芽段階においても除草剤などの農薬の使用が可能となるような新たな作物栽培方法を提供することにある。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記の課題を解決することを目的として鋭意研究した結果、種子を播種し、発芽段階において除草剤、殺虫剤、殺菌剤、殺虫殺菌剤などの農薬等の化学物質を適用して作物を栽培する際に、多孔性物質を種子に接触させることにより、化学物質の発芽および生育に対する阻害作用を軽減もしくは除去して、発芽、更にはその後の実生の生育を有効に行うことが可能であり、従って作物を極めて効果的に栽培できることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
従って、本発明は、種子を播種し、発芽段階において化学物質を適用して作物を栽培する作物栽培方法において、多孔性物質を種子に接触させることにより、化学物質の発芽および生育に対する阻害作用を軽減もしくは除去して作物を栽培することを特徴とする作物栽培方法に関する。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の作物栽培方法は、種子を畑または水田に直接播種して栽培する直播栽培に用いることができる。特に、例えば、水稲の種子などを水田に直接播種して栽培する直播栽培、あるいは畑に作物の種子を直接播種する栽培において、従来困難とされていた種子の播種から発芽段階において除草剤などの農薬を使用する場合に、好ましく本発明の作物栽培方法を使用できる。種子から育苗させ、次いで畑または水田に移植する移植栽培にも、本発明の作物栽培方法は使用できる。特に、従来困難とされていた種子を育苗する際に、除草剤などの農薬を使用する場合に、好ましく本発明の作物栽培方法を使用できる。また、本発明の栽培方法は、フェノール樹脂発泡体などから得られる支持マットに種子を播種し、この支持マットを水田、畑などに直接設置して直播栽培する場合にも使用でき、この支持マットで種子から育苗させ、次いで畑または水田に移植する移植栽培にも使用することができる。
本発明で対象とする種子としては、特に限定されず、いずれの種子でもよい。例えば、稲、豆類、ソバ、トウモロコシなどの穀類、野菜類、芝、牧草、花木などの有用植物などが挙げられる。種子は、催芽または未催芽のいずれの種子であってもよい。
本発明では、このような種子を播種してその発芽段階において、化学物質を使用することができる。このような化学物質としては、例えば、除草剤、殺虫剤、殺菌剤、殺虫・殺菌剤などの農薬、その他作物の発芽や実生の生育に悪影響を与える化学物質などが挙げられる。
【０００９】
本発明では、多孔性物質を種子に接触させることにより、化学物質の発芽および生育に対する阻害作用を軽減もしくは除去して、発芽、更にはその後の実生の生育を有効に行うことが可能となる。本発明で用いる多孔性物質とは、通常、粒径３０ｎｍ以下、好ましくは１〜２０ｎｍの微細孔構造を有する物質を指す。多孔性物質は通常、粉状化された状態が好ましく、その粒度はいずれでもよく、特に限定されない。このような多孔性物質としては、例えば、木粉、木炭（素炭）、草炭（ピート）、おが屑、鋸屑、硬質の木材チップ、籾ガラ炭、椰子ガラ炭、植皮炭、製糖廃物（バガス）、廃糖蜜などを原料として高温下７００〜８００℃で蒸し焼きした植物質炭化物；更に植物質炭化物を賦活させた植物系活性炭； 亜炭、褐炭、瀝青炭、無煙炭、オイルカーボン、フェノール樹脂、石灰ピッチ、石油ピッチなどを原料として高温下７００〜８００℃で蒸し焼きした石炭系炭化物；更に石炭系炭化物を賦活させた石炭系活性炭；更には活性アルミナ、シリカゲル、焼成ゼオライト、合成ゼオライト、珪藻土、活性白土などの多孔性無機物質などが挙げられる。これらのうち、植物系活性炭、石炭系活性炭が望ましい。ここで、賦活させる方法としては、主に水蒸気賦活法と薬品賦活法がある。前者は原料と加熱した水蒸気を炉内に送り込み、高温下８００〜１０００℃で賦活後、水洗、乾燥させる方法である。後者は塩化亜鉛溶液を含浸させた後、一定の加熱条件で賦活させて冷却後、塩酸で洗浄して亜鉛を回収除去し、水洗、乾燥させる方法である。
なお、本発明では、これらの多孔性物質と共に、過酸化カルシウムなどの酸素発生剤、種子消毒剤などの農薬、植物成長調整剤などを併用することはなんらさしつかえない。
【００１０】
多孔性物質を種子に接触させる実際的方法としては、主として以下の三つの方法が挙げられる。
（１）粉末化した多孔性物質を種子に粉衣することにより、多孔性物質を種子に接触させることができる。粉衣するには、粉末化した多孔性物質と種子を混合すればよい。通常、種子１００重量部当たり１重量部〜１００重量部、好ましくは１０重量部〜２５重量部の多孔性物質を粉衣する。粉衣の際には、適量の水または０．１〜１０重量％程度のα化デンプン、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリアクリル酸ソーダ、ポリビニルアルコールなどの水溶性高分子を含む水溶液を添加して、多孔性物質と種子を混合して粉衣してもよい。このように粉末化した多孔性物質で粉衣した種子を水田、畑、育苗用培地、フェノール樹脂発泡体などから得られる支持マットなどに播種する。
（２）種子と多孔性物質を液状物に浸漬し攪拌して得られる種子と多孔性物質を含む液状物を、水田、畑、育苗用培地、フェノール樹脂発泡体などから得られる支持マットなどに播種することにより、多孔性物質を種子に接触させることができる。通常、乾燥種子１００重量部当たり１重量部〜１００重量部の多孔性物質を液状物に混入させ、攪拌する。液状物としては、水あるいは水に０．１〜１０重量％程度のα化デンプン、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリアクリル酸ソーダ、ポリビニルアルコールなどの水溶性高分子を添加した水溶液などが挙げられる。
（３）種子の播種前の播種場所および／または播種後の種子に多孔性物質を散布または混入することにより、多孔性物質と種子との接触を行うことができる。例えば、播種前の水田、畑、育苗用培地、フェノール樹脂発泡体などから得られる支持マットなどに、および／またはこれらに播種後の種子に多孔性物質を散布または混入することができる。通常、多孔性物質を種子１００重量部当たり１０重量部〜１０００重量部を散布し、種子に接触させる。
【００１１】
上記したようにして、多孔性物質を種子に接触させることにより、種子の播種以後発芽段階において除草剤、殺虫剤などの農薬等の化学物質を適用しても、農薬などの化学物質の発芽および生育に対する阻害作用を軽減もしくは除去することができ、発芽、更にはその後の実生の生育を有効に行うことが可能となる。
【００１２】
【実施例】
以下、本願発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明する。
実施例１
（１）活性炭粉末で粉衣した種子の作成
種子籾（品種コシヒカリ）の乾物１００重量部に対し過酸化カルシウム粉粒（商品名カルパー粉粒剤１６）を２００重量部、鋸屑を原料として得た活性炭粉末２０重量部を混和し、水２５重量部を加えながら乾籾表面に粉衣して活性炭粉衣種子を得た（以下Ｃａ活性炭粉衣と略記する）。
対照として種子籾の乾物１００重量部に対し過酸化カルシウム粉粒剤を２００重量部を粉衣した（以下Ｃａ粉衣と略記する）。
【００１３】
（２）活性炭粉末で粉衣した種子の播種および除草剤の適用
水田圃場に屋根を設置した温室内において１区あたり１ｍ2の試験区を設け、代かきをした水田土壌の表面から０．５ｃｍの深さにそれぞれの粉衣籾１２０粒をピンセットで条播し、水深を２ｃｍにした後に水稲用除草剤（（ａ）ピラゾレート粒剤（商品名サンバード粒剤）、（ｂ）ブロモブチド・ペントキサゾン水和剤（商品名ショキニーフロアブル）、（ｃ）プレチラクロール・ベンゾフェナップ水和剤（商品名ユニハーブフロアブル）、（ｄ）ダイムロン・ペントキサゾン水和剤（商品名テマカットフロアブル）、（ｅ）ダイムロン・テニルクロール水和剤（商品名ショッカーフロアブル）、（ｆ）プレチラクロール・ベンゾビシクロン水和剤（商品名クサコントフロアブル）、（ｇ）プレチラクロール粒剤（商品名ソルネット１キロ粒剤）、（ｈ）クミルロン・ペントキサゾン水和剤（商品名草笛フロアブル）、（ｉ）クロメプロップ・テニルクロール水和剤（商品名ターシャルカットフロアブル））をそれぞれ所定量処理した。また、対照区として薬剤処理を行わない区（無処理区）を設けた。
播種後５日目からイネが１葉期になるまで６日間落水して芽干しを行い、その後入水して３〜４ｃｍ湛水で管理した。
【００１４】
（３）除草剤の発芽および生育への影響
播種後２０日目に苗立ち率及びイネ葉齢を調査し結果を表１に示した。苗立ち率は、無処理区における苗立ち数に対する各薬剤処理区における苗立ち数の割合を１００分率で表したものである。値は３連の試験区の平均値を示す。葉齢は生育した葉の数で表した。
【００１５】
【表１】
表１の結果から明らかなように、湛水直播条件でのイネ栽培において、各種除草剤による苗立ち率の抑制作用が、慣行法であるＣａ粉衣のみよりも本発明方法により軽減もしくは除去されることが示されている。また、各種除草剤によるイネ葉齢の進展阻害作用も、本発明方法により軽減もしくは除去されることが示されている。なお、無処理区の播種数に対する苗立ち数の比率はＣａ粉衣、活性炭粉衣のどちらにおいても７０％前後であった。試験区内で最も生育の進行したイネの葉齢は、無処理区ではＣａ粉衣、活性炭粉衣のどちらにおいても３．５であった。
【００１７】
播種後４６日目に全てのイネ株を抜き取り地上部乾物重を調査し結果を表２に示した。また、イネ１個体あたりの平均乾物重として、地上部乾物重を各薬剤処理区の出芽イネ数で除した値を併せて表２に示した。
【００１８】
【表２】
表２によれば、Ｃａ粉衣のみでは（ｂ）〜（ｉ）の除草剤により地上部乾物重の減少が認められるが、本発明方法により（ｂ）、（ｄ）、（ｅ）および（ｈ）の除草剤処理区の地上部乾物重は無処理区と同等あるいは優っており、除草剤による生育阻害作用の軽減もしくは除去があることを示している。イネ１個体あたりの平均乾物重においても、（ｂ）、（ｄ）、（ｅ）および（ｈ）の除草剤処理区は無処理区と同等あるいは優っている。また、（ｃ）、（ｆ）、（ｇ）および（ｉ）除草剤処理区においても、Ｃａ粉衣に比べ本発明方法により生育阻害作用の軽減が認められる。
【００２０】
実施例２
（１）活性炭粉末で粉衣した種子の作成
水２５重量部にカルボキシメチルセルロース（商品名：セロゲンＰＲ）を１重量部混合した水溶液にイネ乾燥種籾１００重量部を混合した。その後活性炭（商品名：太閤活性炭）２０重量部を添加した後よく混合して粉衣種子（ＣＭＣ活性炭粉衣と略記）を作成した。また、実施例１と同等の方法によりＣａ活性炭粉衣およびＣａ粉衣のイネ種子を作成した。対照として粉衣処理を行わないイネ種子（無粉衣と略記）も供試した。
【００２１】
（２）活性炭粉末で粉衣した種子の播種および除草剤の適用
屋外の水田圃場において１区あたり０．８ｍ2の試験区を設け、代かきをした水田土壌の表面に水深０〜０．５ｃｍの状態でそれぞれの粉衣籾を４ｋｇ／１０ａずつ手振りにより散播し、水深を３ｃｍにした後に水稲用除草剤（（ａ）ピラゾレート粒剤（商品名サンバード粒剤）、（ｂ）ブロモブチド・ペントキサゾン水和剤（商品名ショキニーフロアブル）、（ｄ）ダイムロン・ペントキサゾン水和剤（商品名テマカットフロアブル）、（ｅ）ダイムロン・テニルクロール水和剤（商品名ショッカーフロアブル）、（ｇ）プレチラクロール粒剤（商品名ソルネット１キロ粒剤）、（ｊ）イマゾスルフロン・エトベンザミド・ダイムロン粒剤（商品名キックバイ１キロ粒剤）、（ｋ）カフェンストロール・ダイムロン・ベンスルフロンメチル水和剤（商品名ラクダーＬフロアブル）（ｌ）シクロスルファムロン・ペントキサゾン粒剤（商品名ユートピア１キロ粒剤）、（ｍ）ピリミノバックメチル・ブロモブチド・ベンスルフロンメチル・ペントキサゾン水和剤（商品名トップガンＬフロアブル））をそれぞれ所定量処理した。また、対照区として薬剤処理を行わない区（無処理区）を設けた。
処理後１５日間試験区内には入水せず、自然減水のまま放置し芽干しを行った。その後は３〜５ｃｍの水深を維持した。
【００２２】
（３）除草剤の発芽への影響
播種後２８日目に苗立ち率を調査し結果を表３に示した。苗立ち率は、播種数に対する各薬剤処理区における苗立ち数の割合を１００分率で表したものである。値は２連の試験区の平均値を示す。
【００２３】
【表３】
表３によれば、屋外の湛水直播条件下でのイネ栽培において、各種除草剤による苗立ち率の抑制作用が、慣行法であるＣａ粉衣のみよりも本発明方法により軽減もしくは除去されることが示されている。特に、慣行法ではその生育阻害作用のため使用が困難であった除草剤（（ｄ）、（ｇ）、（ｋ）、（ｌ）、（ｍ））についても、生育阻害作用の軽減が認められる。
【００２５】
実施例３
（１）活性炭粉末で粉衣した種子の作成、該種子の播種および除草剤の適用
実施例２の方法に基づいてアズキ種子のＣＭＣ活性炭粉衣を作成した。２５℃前後に温度管理された温室内において、プラスチック製コンテナポット（縦２９×横１７×深さ１０ｃｍ）に火山灰壌土を充填し深さ１ｃｍ程度の播種穴を設置し粉衣種子を播種し供試土壌で覆土（粉衣区）した。併せて無粉衣種子も供試した（無粉衣区）。播種後の土壌表面に除草剤フルミオキサジン水和剤（商品名Ｓｕｍｉｓｏｙａ）を所定量の水で希釈し、１０ｇ／１０ａ、散布水量１００Ｌ／１０ａとなるようにポットの土壌表面に均一に散布した。その後は土壌表層が乾かないように適宜散水した。
【００２６】
（２）除草剤の発芽率および生育への影響
処理後１６日後に生育状況の調査を行い、その結果を表４に示す。発芽率は、播種数に対する各薬剤処理区における発芽数の割合を１００分率で表したものである。値は２連の試験区の平均値を示す。
【００２７】
【表４】
表４によれば、無粉衣のアズキ種子に対し発芽率低下や生育抑制を引き起こした除草剤の生育阻害作用を、本発明方法により低減させることを示している。
【００２９】
実施例４
（１）種子播種後の活性炭粉末の散布および除草剤の適用
実施例３で用いたものと同型のプラスチック製コンテナポットに火山灰壌土を充填し深さ１ｃｍ程度の播種穴を設置しソバ種子を播種し活性炭粉末で覆った（活性炭覆土区）。対照として供試土壌覆土した区（普通覆土区）を設けた。播種後の土壌表面に除草剤アラクロール乳剤（商品名ラッソー）を所定量の水で希釈し、３００ｍｌ／１０ａ、散布水量１００Ｌ／１０ａとなるようにポットの土壌表面に均一に散布した。その後は土壌表層が乾かないように適宜散水した。
【００３０】
（２）除草剤の発芽率および生育への影響
処理後１６日後に生育状況の調査を行い、その結果を表５に示す。発芽率は、播種数に対する各薬剤処理区における発芽数の割合を１００分率で表したものである。値は２連の試験区の平均値を示す。
【００３１】
【表５】
表５によれば、ソバ種子に対し生育抑制を引き起こした除草剤の生育阻害作用を、本発明処理により低減させることを示している。
【００３３】
【発明の効果】
以上に詳細に記載したとおり、本発明は、粉状化した多孔性物質を作物種子に種々の方法により接触させることにより、作物栽培で使われる農薬などの化学物質による作物の薬害、特に種子からの発芽段階において農薬などを使用した場合の薬害を効果的に軽減もしくは除去することを可能とする。この結果、従来薬害が理由で適切な薬剤がなかった種子から発芽させる際の作物栽培法や作物に対してより多くの種類の薬剤選択の機会を提供することが可能となり、結果として農業の効率化に多大に貢献できる。また、従来防除がうまくいかないために何度も薬剤散布が必要であった病害虫雑草に対しより少量で適切に効果のある薬剤を選択することで、農業による環境負荷を低減させることができる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a crop cultivation method in which germination growth inhibition by chemical substances such as agricultural chemicals is reduced and removed. More specifically, when seeds are sown, and when growing crops by applying chemicals such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and insecticides such as insecticides at the germination stage, contact the porous material with the seeds. It is related with the crop cultivation method which grows a crop by reducing or removing the inhibitory effect with respect to germination and growth of a chemical substance.
By the crop cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to reduce or eliminate adverse effects such as germination inhibition given to seed germination by chemical substances such as agricultural chemicals, and further growth inhibition of seedlings. It becomes possible to do.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In crop cultivation, chemical substances such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and agricultural chemicals such as insecticides are generally used. However, chemical substances such as agricultural chemicals are beneficial for crop cultivation by weed control and pest control, but on the other hand, they also have a harmful aspect of inhibiting crop growth. As a method of reducing or eliminating growth inhibition of such crops such as pesticides, a method of selecting and using a pesticide that does not have growth inhibitory action from the beginning, and further adding another compound that can reduce the phytotoxicity of the pesticide as a safener And a method of limiting the use time of agricultural chemicals to crops grown to some extent after germination.
However, when selecting a pesticide that does not have a growth inhibitory action, there are drawbacks that the pesticides that can be used are limited and the pesticides that are desired cannot be used. When a safener is used, it is difficult to select an appropriate safener, and even if it can be selected, there is a problem that the cost of agricultural chemicals increases. In the case of restricting the use time of agricultural chemicals, there is a disadvantage that the types of chemicals that can be used are limited even if the agricultural chemicals cannot be used for crops in the germination stage that require weed control.
[0003]
In recent years, direct sowing cultivation in which seeds of paddy rice are sown directly in paddy fields is cultivated for the convenience of cultivation. When paddy rice is directly sown and cultivated, weeds and the like are also generated and grown at the same time as the rice germinates and grows. Therefore, it is desirable to use agrochemicals such as herbicides at the seeding and germination stages. However, as described above, when a pesticide is used in the germination stage, inhibition of crop germination by the pesticide becomes a problem. Therefore, development of a new crop cultivation method that enables the use of pesticides such as herbicides at the germination stage is particularly desired.
[0004]
On the other hand, new seeds have also been developed, for example, a method of covering seeds with a gel layer containing activated carbon, and oxygen-enriching treatment to promote rooting from seeds (Patent Document 1). There has been proposed a method (Patent Document 2) for controlling seed infectious diseases with coated seeds in which the outer surface of rice brown rice is coated with a coating containing activated carbon or the like. In addition, a method for controlling bacterial diseases in paddy rice seedlings by dressing a seed meal with a porous material such as activated carbon has been proposed (Patent Document 3).
However, none of these methods uses pesticides such as herbicides at the seed germination stage, and the use of pesticides such as herbicides at the seed germination stage prevents germination and growth inhibition by pesticides. No consideration has been given to reducing or eliminating.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-135608 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-248017 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-5-316817 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a new crop cultivation method that enables the use of agricultural chemicals such as herbicides even at the germination stage.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive research aimed at solving the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have sown seeds and applied chemical substances such as pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and insecticides at the germination stage. When cultivating crops, it is possible to reduce or eliminate the inhibitory effect on the germination and growth of chemical substances by bringing the porous material into contact with seeds, so that germination and subsequent seedling growth can be effectively performed. It has been found that it is possible, and therefore crops can be cultivated very effectively, and the present invention has been completed.
Therefore, the present invention provides an inhibitory effect on chemical germination and growth by contacting a porous material with seeds in a crop cultivation method in which seeds are sown and a chemical is applied in the germination stage to grow the crop. The present invention relates to a crop cultivation method characterized by cultivating a crop with reduction or removal.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The crop cultivation method of the present invention can be used for direct sowing cultivation in which seeds are sown directly in a field or paddy field. In particular, for example, in direct sowing cultivation in which seeds of paddy rice are sown directly in paddy fields, or in cultivation in which seeds of crops are sown directly in a field, herbicides, etc. are used in the seeding and germination stages, which have been conventionally difficult. When using an agrochemical, the crop cultivation method of this invention can be used preferably. The crop cultivation method of the present invention can also be used for transplantation cultivation in which seedlings are raised and then transplanted to a field or paddy field. In particular, the crop cultivation method of the present invention can be preferably used when agrochemicals such as herbicides are used when raising seeds that have been conventionally considered difficult. The cultivation method of the present invention can also be used when seeds are sown on a support mat obtained from a phenolic resin foam and the like, and this support mat is directly installed in a paddy field, a field, or the like and directly cultivated. It can also be used for transplantation cultivation in which seedlings are grown from seeds and then transplanted to fields or paddy fields.
The seeds targeted in the present invention are not particularly limited, and any seed may be used. Examples thereof include grains such as rice, beans, buckwheat and corn, useful plants such as vegetables, turf, grass and flowering trees. The seed may be either a sprouting seed or an unsprouting seed.
In the present invention, such a seed can be sown and a chemical substance can be used in the germination stage. Examples of such chemical substances include agrochemicals such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, insecticides and fungicides, and other chemical substances that adversely affect germination and seedling growth of crops.
[0009]
In the present invention, by bringing the porous substance into contact with the seed, the inhibitory action on the germination and growth of the chemical substance can be reduced or removed, and germination and further subsequent seedling growth can be performed effectively. The porous substance used in the present invention usually refers to a substance having a microporous structure with a particle size of 30 nm or less, preferably 1 to 20 nm. The porous substance is usually preferably in a powdered state, and the particle size thereof is not particularly limited. Examples of such a porous substance include wood powder, charcoal (coking coal), grass charcoal (peat), sawdust, sawdust, hard wood chip, firewood charcoal, coconut charcoal, husk charcoal, and sugar waste (bagasse). , Plant charcoal steamed at 700-800 ° C at high temperature using waste molasses as raw material; Plant activated carbon activated by plant charcoal; Lignite, lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite, oil carbon, phenolic resin, lime pitch, petroleum Coal-based carbide steamed at 700-800 ° C at high temperature using pitch as a raw material; Coal-based activated carbon activated with coal-based carbide; and porous such as activated alumina, silica gel, calcined zeolite, synthetic zeolite, diatomaceous earth, activated clay Include inorganic substances. Of these, plant-based activated carbon and coal-based activated carbon are desirable. Here, as a method of activation, there are mainly a water vapor activation method and a chemical activation method. The former is a method in which raw materials and heated steam are fed into a furnace, activated at 800 to 1000 ° C. under high temperature, washed with water and dried. The latter is a method in which a zinc chloride solution is impregnated, activated under a certain heating condition, cooled, washed with hydrochloric acid to recover and remove zinc, washed with water, and dried.
In the present invention, together with these porous substances, oxygen generators such as calcium peroxide, agricultural chemicals such as seed disinfectants, plant growth regulators and the like can be used together.
[0010]
Practical methods for bringing the porous material into contact with the seed mainly include the following three methods.
(1) By dressing a powdered porous material on the seed, the porous material can be brought into contact with the seed. For dressing, the powdered porous material and seeds may be mixed. Usually, 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 25 parts by weight of a porous substance is dressed per 100 parts by weight of seeds. When dressing, add an appropriate amount of water or an aqueous solution containing 0.1 to 10% by weight of pregelatinized starch, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. The substance and seed may be mixed and powdered. The seed dressed with the powdered porous material is sown on a support mat obtained from a paddy field, a field, a seedling culture medium, a phenol resin foam or the like.
(2) The seed and the porous material obtained by immersing the seed and the porous material in a liquid material and stirring the liquid material containing the seed and the porous material on a support mat obtained from a paddy field, a field, a seedling culture medium, a phenol resin foam or the like By sowing, the porous material can be brought into contact with the seed. Usually, 1 to 100 parts by weight of a porous substance per 100 parts by weight of dried seeds is mixed into a liquid material and stirred. Examples of the liquid material include water or an aqueous solution in which water-soluble polymer such as 0.1 to 10% by weight of pregelatinized starch, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, and polyvinyl alcohol is added to water.
(3) The porous material and the seed can be contacted by spraying or mixing the porous material on the sowing place before and / or the seed after sowing. For example, a porous substance can be sprayed or mixed on a paddy field before sowing, a field, a seedling culture medium, a support mat obtained from a phenol resin foam, and / or seeds after sowing. Usually, 10 to 1000 parts by weight of the porous material per 100 parts by weight of the seed is sprayed and brought into contact with the seed.
[0011]
As described above, even if chemical substances such as herbicides and insecticides are applied at the germination stage after seed sowing, the chemical substances such as agricultural chemicals are germinated and contacted by contacting the porous substance with the seeds. The inhibitory effect on growth can be reduced or eliminated, and germination and subsequent growth of seedlings can be performed effectively.
[0012]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of seeds dressed with activated carbon powder 200 parts by weight of calcium peroxide powder (trade name Calper powder 16) was obtained from 100 parts by weight of dry matter of seed meal (variety Koshihikari), and sawdust was used as a raw material. Activated carbon powder seeds were obtained by mixing 20 parts by weight of activated carbon powder and powdering the surface of the dried cocoon while adding 25 parts by weight of water (hereinafter abbreviated as Ca activated carbon powder).
As a control, 200 parts by weight of calcium peroxide powder was dressed with respect to 100 parts by weight of dried seed meal (hereinafter abbreviated as Ca powder).
[0013]
(2) Seeding of seeds dressed with activated carbon powder and application of herbicide In a greenhouse with a roof installed in a paddy field, a test area of 1 m 2 per ward was established, and 0.5 cm from the surface of the paddy paddy soil. 120 powdered rice cakes are spread with tweezers to a depth and the water depth is set to 2 cm, then a paddy rice herbicide ((a) pyrazolate granule (trade name Sunbird granule), (b) bromobutide / pentoxazone wettable powder (Brand name Shokiny Flowable), (c) Pretilachlor / benzophenap wettable powder (Brand name Uniherb Flowable), (d) Dimron Pentoxazone wettable powder (Brand name Temakat Flowable), (e) Dimron Tenilchlor Wettable powder (trade name Shocker Flowable), (f) Pretilachlor benzobicyclone wettable powder (trade name Kusacont Flowable) , (G) Pretilachlor granules (trade name Solnet 1 kg granule), (h) Cumyluron / Pentoxazone wettable powder (trade name Kusafue Flowable), (i) Chromepprop / Tenilchlor roll wettable powder (trade name Tartar Cut Floorable) ) Were each processed by a predetermined amount. In addition, as a control section, a section where no chemical treatment was performed (untreated section) was provided.
From the 5th day after sowing until the rice reached the 1st leaf stage, water was dropped for 6 days and the buds were dried, and then the water was added and managed with 3-4 cm flooding.
[0014]
(3) Effect of Herbicide on Germination and Growth The seedling establishment rate and rice leaf age were investigated 20 days after sowing, and the results are shown in Table 1. The seedling establishment rate represents the ratio of the number of seedlings in each chemical treatment group with respect to the number of seedlings in the non-treatment group in terms of 100 minutes. The value indicates the average value of triplicate test sections. Leaf age was expressed as the number of grown leaves.
[0015]
[Table 1]
As is clear from the results in Table 1, in rice cultivation under flooded direct sowing conditions, the inhibitory effect on seedling establishment rate by various herbicides is reduced or eliminated by the method of the present invention rather than only the Ca powder dressing which is the conventional method. It has been shown that. It has also been shown that various herbicides inhibit the growth of rice leaf age by the method of the present invention. In addition, the ratio of the number of seedling establishments with respect to the seeding number of the untreated section was about 70% in both the Ca powder coat and the activated carbon powder coat. The leaf age of the most advanced rice in the test group was 3.5 in both the Ca powder coat and the activated carbon powder coat in the untreated group.
[0017]
On the 46th day after sowing, all rice strains were extracted and the dry weight of the above-ground part was examined. The results are shown in Table 2. In addition, Table 2 shows values obtained by dividing the above-ground dry weight by the number of budding rice in each chemical treatment section as the average dry weight per individual rice.
[0018]
[Table 2]
According to Table 2, the Ca dry dressing alone shows a decrease in the above-ground dry weight by the herbicides (b) to (i), but according to the method of the present invention, (b), (d), (e) and ( The above-ground dry matter weight of the herbicide treatment group of h) is equal to or superior to that of the non-treatment group, which indicates that the growth inhibitory action by the herbicide is reduced or eliminated. In terms of average dry matter weight per rice, the herbicide treatment groups (b), (d), (e), and (h) are equivalent to or better than the non-treatment groups. In addition, also in (c), (f), (g) and (i) herbicide treatment sections, the growth inhibitory effect is reduced by the method of the present invention compared to Ca powder coat.
[0020]
Example 2
(1) Preparation of seeds dressed with activated carbon powder 25 parts by weight of water was mixed with 100 parts by weight of rice dry seed meal in an aqueous solution in which 1 part by weight of carboxymethylcellulose (trade name: Cellogen PR) was mixed. Thereafter, 20 parts by weight of activated carbon (trade name: Dazai activated carbon) was added and mixed well to prepare powdered seeds (abbreviated as CMC activated carbon powdered clothes). Moreover, the rice seed of Ca activated carbon powder dress and Ca powder dress was created by the method equivalent to Example 1. As a control, rice seeds (abbreviated as no-powder) not subjected to the dressing treatment were also used.
[0021]
(2) Seeding of seeds dressed with activated carbon powder and application of herbicides In the outdoor paddy field, a test plot of 0.8 m 2 is provided per plot, and the surface of the paddy field soil is 0 to 0.5 cm deep. In the state, 4 kg / 10a of each powdered candy was spread by hand and the water depth was adjusted to 3 cm, and then the paddy rice herbicide ((a) pyrazolate granule (trade name Sunbird granule), (b) bromobutide / pentoxazone hydration (D) Daimlon Pentoxazone wettable powder (trade name Temakat Flowable), (e) Daimlon Tenylchlor wettable powder (trade name Shocker Flowable), (g) Pretilachlor granules (product) (Solnet 1kg granule), (j) Imazosulfuron / etbenzamide / Dimron granule (trade name Kickby 1kg granule), (k Caffentrol / Dimron / Bensulfuron methyl wettable powder (Trade name Camel L flowable) (l) Cyclosulfamuron / Pentoxazone granule (Trade name Utopia 1 kg granule), (m) Pyriminobacmethyl bromobutide / Bensulfuron A predetermined amount of each of methyl pentoxazone wettable powder (trade name Top Gun L Flowable) was treated. In addition, as a control section, a section where no chemical treatment was performed (untreated section) was provided.
15 days after treatment, water was not allowed to enter the test area, and the buds were dried by leaving the water naturally reduced. Thereafter, the water depth of 3 to 5 cm was maintained.
[0022]
(3) Effect of Herbicide on Germination The seedling establishment rate was investigated on the 28th day after sowing, and the results are shown in Table 3. The seedling establishment rate represents the ratio of the number of seedling establishments in each chemical treatment section with respect to the number of seeding, as a 100-minute rate. A value shows the average value of 2 test areas.
[0023]
[Table 3]
According to Table 3, in rice cultivation under outdoor flooded direct sowing conditions, the inhibitory effect of seedling establishment rate by various herbicides is reduced or eliminated by the method of the present invention rather than only Ca powder dressing which is a conventional method. It has been shown. In particular, the herbicides ((d), (g), (k), (l), (m)), which were difficult to use due to their growth inhibitory action by the conventional method, were also found to reduce the growth inhibitory action. It is done.
[0025]
Example 3
(1) Preparation of seed dressed with activated carbon powder, seeding of the seed and application of herbicide A CMC activated carbon powder coat of azuki bean seed was prepared based on the method of Example 2. Inside a greenhouse controlled at around 25 ° C, a plastic container pot (length 29 x width 17 x depth 10 cm) is filled with volcanic ash loam soil and a seed hole with a depth of about 1 cm is set up and seeded with powdered seeds. Covered with test soil (powdered area). In addition, undressed seeds were also tested (no-dressing district). The herbicide flumioxazin wettable powder (trade name Sumisoya) was diluted with a predetermined amount of water on the soil surface after sowing, and was uniformly sprayed on the soil surface of the pot so that the amount of sprayed water was 100 g / 10a. After that, water was sprayed appropriately so that the soil surface layer would not dry.
[0026]
(2) Germination rate of herbicide and effect on growth 16 days after the treatment, the growth status was investigated, and the results are shown in Table 4. The germination rate represents the ratio of the number of germinations in each drug-treated section with respect to the number of sowings in terms of 100 minutes. A value shows the average value of 2 test areas.
[0027]
[Table 4]
According to Table 4, it is shown that the growth inhibitory action of the herbicide that caused the germination rate reduction and the growth suppression to azuki bean seeds without powder is reduced by the method of the present invention.
[0029]
Example 4
(1) Application of activated carbon powder after seed sowing and application of herbicide The plastic container pot of the same type used in Example 3 is filled with volcanic ash loam soil, and a seed hole with a depth of about 1 cm is set up and seeded with buckwheat seeds Covered with activated charcoal powder (activated charcoal cover). As a control, a section covered with the test soil (ordinary covering section) was provided. The herbicide alachlor emulsion (trade name Lasso) was diluted with a predetermined amount of water on the soil surface after sowing, and was uniformly sprayed on the soil surface of the pot so that the amount of water sprayed was 300 ml / 10a and the amount of sprayed water was 100 L / 10a. After that, water was sprayed appropriately so that the soil surface layer would not dry.
[0030]
(2) Effect on Herbicide Germination Rate and Growth 16 days after the treatment, the growth status was investigated, and the results are shown in Table 5. The germination rate represents the ratio of the number of germinations in each drug-treated section with respect to the number of sowings in terms of 100 minutes. A value shows the average value of 2 test areas.
[0031]
[Table 5]
According to Table 5, it is shown that the growth inhibitory action of the herbicide that caused growth suppression on buckwheat seed is reduced by the treatment of the present invention.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, the present invention can be applied to the crop phytotoxicity caused by chemical substances such as agricultural chemicals used in crop cultivation, in particular from seeds, by bringing the powdered porous material into contact with the crop seeds by various methods. It is possible to effectively reduce or eliminate the phytotoxicity when using agricultural chemicals in the germination stage. As a result, it is possible to provide opportunities for selecting more types of drugs for crop cultivation methods and crops when germinating seeds that did not have appropriate drugs due to chemical damage. Can greatly contribute to the development. Moreover, the environmental load by agriculture can be reduced by selecting the medicine which is effective effectively in a small amount with respect to the pest weeds that had to be sprayed many times because of the poor control.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002298434A JP4248841B2 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2002-10-11 | Crop cultivation method with reduced inhibition of germination growth inhibition by chemical substances |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002298434A JP4248841B2 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2002-10-11 | Crop cultivation method with reduced inhibition of germination growth inhibition by chemical substances |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008173739A Division JP4950953B2 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2008-07-02 | Crop cultivation method with reduced inhibition of germination growth inhibition by chemical substances |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004129591A JP2004129591A (en) | 2004-04-30 |
| JP4248841B2 true JP4248841B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
Family
ID=32287856
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002298434A Expired - Fee Related JP4248841B2 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2002-10-11 | Crop cultivation method with reduced inhibition of germination growth inhibition by chemical substances |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4248841B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109832101A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-06-04 | 周利才 | A kind of bletilla striata implantation methods |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6024972B2 (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2016-11-16 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | Breeding body covering, cultivation method, and method for producing breeding body covering |
| CN105794780A (en) * | 2016-05-14 | 2016-07-27 | 北京燕化永乐生物科技股份有限公司 | Weeding composition |
| CN107282627B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2020-09-22 | 三峡大学 | Method for in-situ phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil by using natural polymer protective film |
-
2002
- 2002-10-11 JP JP2002298434A patent/JP4248841B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109832101A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-06-04 | 周利才 | A kind of bletilla striata implantation methods |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2004129591A (en) | 2004-04-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4061488A (en) | Plant treating mixtures and methods utilizing spores of Bacillus uniflagellatus | |
| JP2010504319A (en) | Treated rice husk material as a germination and plant growth medium | |
| Wilen et al. | Mulches and subirrigation control weeds in container production | |
| JP4950953B2 (en) | Crop cultivation method with reduced inhibition of germination growth inhibition by chemical substances | |
| Osman et al. | The effect of soil temperature, moisture and nitrogen on Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze seed germination, viability and emergence on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) roots under field conditions | |
| JP2007252206A (en) | Weed-controlling zoysia japonica | |
| JP2007289095A (en) | Growth suppressing method for weed in rice field, and rice plant cultivating method | |
| JP4248841B2 (en) | Crop cultivation method with reduced inhibition of germination growth inhibition by chemical substances | |
| Meyer et al. | Establishment of honey mesquite and huisache on a native pasture | |
| Masters et al. | Stand establishment | |
| JPH0135802B2 (en) | ||
| Berke et al. | Suggested cultural practices for sweet pepper | |
| JP3481439B2 (en) | Soil covering material | |
| CN112889604A (en) | Whole straw covering and soil moisture preserving planting method for dry-land corn in leisure period | |
| JP2019129822A (en) | Coating processing method of plant seed for direct sowing, plant seed subjected to coating processing for direct sowing and direct sowing culture method for plant seed | |
| JP7459427B2 (en) | Disease control method for Allium family plants | |
| CN108124702A (en) | The method that three-coloured amaranth is transplanted on salt-soda soil | |
| JPH0859421A (en) | Solidified material of pyroligneous acid and production thereof | |
| JPH04126014A (en) | Culture medium for raising paddy rice seedling and method for raising paddy rice seedling with the same | |
| KR100382234B1 (en) | Method for producing seeds with heavy harvest and disease resistance by treating with zeolite and method for cultivating leguminous plants by using said seeds | |
| Peterson et al. | Seed treatments compared with other methods for controlling the onion maggot | |
| Law et al. | Producing alfalfa seed in Washington | |
| JPH05137408A (en) | Method for controlling paddy rice vermin | |
| CN115777474A (en) | Small red bean high-yield cultivation method suitable for tender plain | |
| Parmar et al. | Organic package of Practices for Himachal Pradesh |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20050427 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20060830 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20060912 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20061113 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20061113 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20070313 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20070412 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20070731 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20071001 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20080404 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20080528 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20080602 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20080702 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20080702 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20081219 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20090114 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120123 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4248841 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120123 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130123 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140123 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |