CN107282627B - Method for in-situ phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil by using natural polymer protective film - Google Patents
Method for in-situ phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil by using natural polymer protective film Download PDFInfo
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
A method for in-situ phytoremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) polluted soil by a high-molecular protective film provides a method for in-situ remediation of plant seeds wrapped by a high-molecular protective film on severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted soil, and the seeds which have the effect of degrading PAHs and can degrade natural high-molecular protective films in the soil wrap mixed nutrient matrixes, so that the seeds slowly adapt to the high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon environment in the germination process, the germination rate of the seeds is improved, and the phytoremediation effect of the high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon soil is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for protecting plant seeds based on a high polymer material protective film, in particular to a method for carrying out in-situ phytoremediation on soil polluted by heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Background
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds with two or more benzenes, are persistent organic pollutants commonly existing in the environment, and mainly originate from natural processes such as volcanic eruption and forest fires, and human activities such as petrochemical industry and coal burning. PAHs have strong three-cause (carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic) effects, threaten the ecological safety and human health of soil, and repair of pollution of the soil PAHs becomes a hot problem for research in the environmental field. PAHs can enter soil through various ways such as atmospheric sedimentation, sewage irrigation, oilfield exploitation and the like. The PAHs accumulated in the soil can be absorbed by plants and accumulated in the plants, and particularly edible plants planted near pollution sources can be accumulated in organisms possibly through food chains, so that the health and ecological safety of human bodies are seriously harmed.
At present, the treatment methods for the soil polluted by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mainly comprise three main types: physical, chemical and bioremediation methods. The bioremediation has very wide development potential and application prospect due to the advantages of low treatment cost, no secondary pollution, on-site treatment, high public acceptance, good effect and the like. The types of bioremediation mainly include microbial remediation, phytoremediation and microbial-phytoremediation combined remediation, wherein the microbial-phytoremediation combined remediation is a new development of the bioremediation technology research of the contaminated soil and has the advantages of both the microbial remediation and the phytoremediation. However, when the concentration of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the soil is too high (more than 10 g/kg of soil), not only the microorganisms in the soil are difficult to survive, but researches report that the high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon has an obvious inhibition effect on the germination rate of seeds, and if the seeds of plants are directly sown into the soil polluted by the severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, the seeds are difficult to germinate and even die under the action of the high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, so that the degradation efficiency of the plants is reduced. Therefore, the existing bioremediation method is difficult to implement on the soil with severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution. At present, the treatment of heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted soil is mainly carried out by using a surfactant for cleaning treatment, but the use of the surfactant can bring secondary environmental pollution. Therefore, the remediation of the soil polluted by the high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is still a problem to be solved urgently in the field of environmental science so far.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for in-situ phytoremediation of the soil heavily polluted by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon through the high-molecular protective film is characterized in that seeds of a mixed nutrient matrix are wrapped by the natural high-molecular protective film with a certain degradation effect, so that the seeds slowly adapt to the high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon environment in the germination process, the germination rate of the seeds is improved, and the phytoremediation effect of the high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon soil is further improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the in-situ phytoremediation technology for soil polluted by severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by using the method of adding nutrient substrate and polymer composite protective film into plant seeds.
The seed wrapping material comprises a natural degradable high-molecular protective film, a nutrient substrate and an adhesive; the components of the natural degradable polymer protective film comprise 30-60% of rapeseed oil, 15-28% of petroleum sodium sulfonate, 5-15% of active carbon and 15-28% of water at 50-60 ℃ by mass percent. The natural plant emulsified oil is an important link of the invention, which not only can isolate the pollution of high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon within a period of time, but also can perform the function of the surfactant to carry out physical and chemical degradation on the soil polluted by heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
The nutrient medium comprises plant ash with the grain size of 0.8-1.4mm, rotten chicken manure with the grain size of 2.0-2.5mm and poplar wood dust with the grain size of 3-4 mm. The adhesive comprises 24-38% of corn starch, 1-5% of borax, 3-10% of sodium hydroxide and 50-70% of water by mass percent.
More preferably, the plant ash is prepared by burning plant straws at 400 ℃, and grinding the plant straws until the particle size is 0.8-1.4 mm.
The decomposed chicken manure is taken from a chicken farm, is naturally piled up and fermented for 5-6 months, is dried in the sun, and is ground until the particle size is 2.0-2.5 mm.
The wood chips are poplar wood chips, and the wood chips are crushed to have the particle size of 3-4 mm. The poplar fiber structure is loose, the poplar chips are loose, the water retention and the ventilation are realized, and the nutrition in the wood chips is comprehensive. As a wrapping material, the fertilizer can provide nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus for seeds and also provides an environment for seed germination.
The seed wrapping material is applied to in-situ remediation of soil polluted by severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing an adhesive, namely adding water into a reaction kettle, adding corn starch under stirring, stirring uniformly, adding 10 mass percent sodium hydroxide alkali liquor, stirring to gelatinize the corn starch liquor, and adding 20 mass percent borax solution at 65-75 ℃ to obtain a starch adhesive with the viscosity of 10-15Pa s;
step two: selecting full-grain plant seeds, flatly paving the plant seeds in a flat-bottom plate, spraying a starch adhesive on the surfaces of the seeds by using an electric sprayer, placing the seeds in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ to shake for 15 minutes to uniformly mix the seeds with the adhesive, uniformly scattering plant ash on the seeds attached with the adhesive, horizontally shaking the flat-bottom plate in the constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ to fully mix the plant ash and the seeds uniformly, and placing the flat-bottom plate in a vacuum drying box to dry at 25 ℃;
step three: spreading the plant seeds in the second step in a flat-bottom plate, uniformly spraying a starch adhesive on the surfaces of the seeds again, uniformly spreading the thoroughly decomposed chicken manure on the seeds, and fully vibrating in a constant-temperature 25 ℃ vibration box for 15 minutes;
step four: flatly paving the plant seeds wrapped in the step three in a flat-bottom plate, uniformly spraying a starch adhesive on the surfaces of the seeds again, and uniformly scattering the wood chips outside the seeds;
step five: transferring the seeds wrapped with the nutrient substrate in the step four into a new flat-bottom plate, uniformly spraying a starch adhesive, uniformly scattering raw material powder of the natural degradable high-molecular protective film on the seeds wrapped with the nutrient substrate, uniformly wrapping the raw material powder of the natural degradable high-molecular protective film on the surface of the nutrient substrate, and drying at the temperature of 25 ℃;
step six: the prepared seeds wrapped with the polymer material protective film and the nutrient matrix are sowed in the soil polluted by the severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon according to 20000-25000 seeds/hectare, and the soil polluted by the severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can be repaired in situ by watering, field management and repeated sowing for 2-5 times.
In the second, third and fourth steps, the mass ratio of the seeds to the starch adhesive is 1: 0.3-0.5; the mass ratio of the seeds to the plant ash is 1: 1-3; the mass ratio of the seeds to the chicken manure is 1: 1-4; the mass ratio of the seeds to the wood chips is 1; 3-5; the thickness of the nutrient substrate is 0.2-0.3 cm.
The mass ratio of the seeds to the natural degradable high molecular protective film is 1: 3-5, and the thickness of the natural degradable polymer protective film is 0.05-0.1 cm.
The plant seeds comprise bidens bipinnata, clover or ryegrass seeds; the concentration of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the soil polluted by the severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is 10-20 g/kg.
Detailed Description
Example one
The embodiment object selects the abandoned oil mine, the pollution area is about one mu of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon heavily polluted area, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration of the detected soil is 10-20g/kg soil, and the calculation is as follows: 2000 Bidens bipinnata seeds, about 300g of seeds, 600g of plant ash, 900g of decomposed chicken manure, 1200g of crushed poplar chips and 1200g of polymer protective film powder are added into one mu of polluted soil.
The method comprises the following steps: respectively grinding 600g of plant ash, 900g of decomposed chicken manure and 1200g of crushed poplar chips into powder with the granularity of 0.8-1.4mm, 2.0-2.5mm and 3-4mm, and drying for later use to prepare a nutrient medium for seed germination;
step two: evenly mixing 960g of emulsified vegetable oil with the volume of about 1L and 240g of activated carbon powder to prepare a high polymer material protective film raw material for later use;
step three: the starch adhesive is prepared by adding 600kg of water into a reaction kettle, then adding 300kg of corn starch under stirring, and stirring uniformly. And adding 70kg of 30 mass percent sodium hydroxide solution into the reaction kettle under stirring to prepare 10 mass percent alkali liquor, and adding the alkali liquor into the reaction kettle under stirring to gelatinize the starch solution. Preparing 30g of 20 mass percent borax solution by using hot water at 70 ℃, and then adding the borax solution into a reaction kettle under stirring to prepare a starch adhesive with the viscosity of 10-12Pa & s;
step four: spreading about 300g of selected full-grain bidens bipinnata seeds in a flat pan, uniformly spraying about 40g of starch adhesive, and placing in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ to shake for 15 minutes to uniformly mix the seeds with the starch adhesive;
step five: uniformly spreading 600g of the nutritional substrate plant ash prepared in the first step on the bidens bipinnata seeds in the fourth step, and placing the mixture in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ to shake for 15 minutes, so that the plant ash and the seeds are fully and uniformly mixed and uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the seeds. Then placing the flat tray in a vacuum drying oven for low-temperature drying, and removing redundant plant ash scattered in the flat tray;
step six: spreading the sticktight seeds wrapped in the fifth step in a flat-bottom plate, uniformly spraying about 40g of starch adhesive on the surfaces of the seeds again, uniformly spreading 900g of decomposed chicken manure of the nutrient substrate prepared in the first step on the seeds, placing the seeds in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ and shaking for 15 minutes to uniformly wrap the nutrient substrate again, repeating the step, uniformly spreading 1200g of wood chips outside the seeds, shaking for 15 minutes in the shaking box, and finally enabling the wrapping thickness of the nutrient substrate to reach 0.2-0.3 cm;
step seven: spreading the spanishneedles herb seeds wrapped by 0.2-0.3cm of nutrient medium in a flat-bottomed pan, uniformly spraying 30g of starch adhesive, uniformly scattering 1200g of the powdery high polymer material protective film raw material prepared in the step two on the seeds wrapped by the nutrient medium, placing the seeds in a constant-temperature oscillation box at 25 ℃ for oscillation for 15 minutes, fully and uniformly mixing to ensure that the high polymer material protective film raw material powder is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nutrient medium, and drying at low temperature;
step eight: in 3 months of the lunar calendar, the prepared spanishneedles herb seeds wrapped with the high polymer material protective film and the nutrient medium are sowed in the soil polluted by the severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, the soil is watered, the water content of the soil is controlled to reach 60 percent, and the prepared seeds are sowed on the polluted soil.
The high molecular film (the material of mixing the vegetable oil and the biochar) on the surface of the wrapped seeds can isolate the toxic action of high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on the seeds, can also play the role of natural biosurfactant and plays a role in degrading the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The nutrient medium for wrapping the seeds is a nutrient element necessary for seed germination and is also a nutrient medium for microbial propagation. In the process of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by seeds from outside to inside gradually, the seeds are germinated and grown by utilizing a nutrient medium after contacting with air moisture, and simultaneously under the dual actions of external degradation of a high-molecular composite material and internal metabolism of a plant nutrient medium, the germination rate of the seeds can be improved by about 20 percent, when the bidens bipinnata grows to a mature plant, the bidens bipinnata is removed, and then the sowing is repeated for 1 time until the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content in the soil is less than 50mg/kg, so that the environment safety standard is reached.
Example two
The embodiment object selects the abandoned oil mine, the pollution area is about one mu of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon heavily polluted area, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration of the detected soil is 25-50g/kg soil, and the calculation is as follows: 2000 clover seeds, about 300g of seeds, 600g of plant ash with the particle size of 0.8-1.4mm, 900g of decomposed chicken manure with the particle size of 2.0-2.5mm, 1200g of crushed poplar chips with the particle size of 3-4mm and 1200g of polymer protective film powder are required to be added into one mu of polluted soil.
The method comprises the following steps: respectively grinding 600g of plant ash, 900g of decomposed chicken manure and 1200g of crushed poplar chips into powder with the granularity of 0.8-1.4mm, 2.0-2.5mm and 3-4mm, and drying for later use to prepare a nutrient medium for seed germination;
step two: evenly mixing 960g of emulsified vegetable oil with the volume of about 1L and 240g of activated carbon powder to prepare a high polymer material protective film raw material for later use;
step three: the starch adhesive is prepared by adding 600kg of water into a reaction kettle, then adding 300kg of corn starch under stirring, and stirring uniformly. And adding 70kg of 30 mass percent sodium hydroxide solution into the reaction kettle under stirring to prepare 10 mass percent alkali liquor, and adding the alkali liquor into the reaction kettle under stirring to gelatinize the starch solution. Preparing 30g of 20 mass percent borax solution by using hot water at 70 ℃, and then adding the borax solution into a reaction kettle under stirring to prepare a starch adhesive with the viscosity of 10-12Pa & s;
step four: spreading about 300g of selected full clover seeds in a flat bottom plate, uniformly spraying about 40g of starch adhesive by using an electric sprayer, and placing the clover seeds in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ to shake for 15 minutes so as to uniformly mix the seeds and the starch adhesive;
step five: uniformly spreading 600g of the prepared nutrition matrix plant ash on the clover seeds in the step four, placing the clover seeds in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ and shaking for 15 minutes to fully and uniformly mix the plant ash and the seeds, and uniformly distributing the plant ash and the seeds on the surfaces of the seeds. Then placing the flat tray in a vacuum drying oven for low-temperature drying, and removing redundant plant ash scattered in the flat tray;
step six: flatly paving the clover seeds wrapped in the fifth step in a flat-bottom plate, uniformly spraying about 40g of starch adhesive on the surfaces of the seeds again, uniformly scattering 900g of decomposed chicken manure of the nutrient substrate prepared in the first step on the seeds, placing the seeds in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ and shaking for 15 minutes to uniformly wrap the nutrient substrate again, repeating the step, uniformly scattering 1200g of crushed poplar chips outside the seeds, shaking for 15 minutes in the shaking box, and finally enabling the wrapping thickness of the nutrient substrate to reach 0.2-0.3 cm;
step seven: flatly paving clover seeds wrapped with 0.2-0.3cm of nutrient medium in a flat-bottomed pan, uniformly spraying 30g of starch adhesive, uniformly scattering 1200g of powdery high polymer material protective film raw material prepared in the step two on the seeds wrapped with the nutrient medium, placing the seeds in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ for shaking for 15 minutes, fully and uniformly mixing to enable high polymer material protective film raw material powder to be uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nutrient medium, and drying at low temperature;
step eight: in 3 months of the lunar calendar, the prepared clover seeds wrapped with the polymer material protective film and the nutrient medium are sowed in the soil polluted by the severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, watering is carried out, the water content of the soil is controlled to reach 60%, and the prepared seeds are sowed on the polluted soil.
The high molecular film (the material of mixing the vegetable oil and the biochar) on the surface of the wrapped seeds can isolate the toxic action of high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on the seeds, can also play the role of natural biosurfactant and plays a role in degrading the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The nutrient medium for wrapping the seeds is a nutrient element necessary for seed germination and is also a nutrient medium for microbial propagation. In the process of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of seeds from outside to inside gradually, the seeds are germinated and grown by utilizing a nutrient medium after contacting with air moisture, and simultaneously under the dual actions of external degradation of a high-molecular composite material and internal metabolism of a plant nutrient medium, the germination rate of the seeds can be improved by about 20 percent, when clovers grow to mature plants, the clovers are removed, and then the seeds are sowed repeatedly for 2 times until the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content in the soil is less than 50mg/kg, so that the environmental safety standard is reached.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment object selects the abandoned oil mine, the pollution area is about one mu of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon heavily polluted area, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration of the detected soil is 25-50g/kg soil, and the calculation is as follows: 2000 ryegrass seeds, about 300g of seeds, 600g of plant ash with the particle size of 0.8-1.4mm, 900g of decomposed chicken manure with the particle size of 2.0-2.5mm, 1200g of crushed poplar chips with the particle size of 3-4mm and 1200g of polymer protective film powder are required to be added into one mu of polluted soil.
The method comprises the following steps: respectively grinding 600g of plant ash, 900g of decomposed chicken manure and 1200g of crushed poplar chips into powder with the granularity of 0.8-1.4mm, 2.0-2.5mm and 3-4mm, and drying for later use to prepare a nutrient medium for seed germination;
step two: evenly mixing 960g of emulsified vegetable oil with the volume of about 1L and 240g of activated carbon powder to prepare a high polymer material protective film raw material for later use;
step three: preparing a starch adhesive, namely adding 600kg of water into a reaction pot, then adding 300kg of corn starch under stirring, stirring uniformly, then adding 70kg of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30% under stirring to prepare alkali liquor with the mass fraction of 10%, then adding the alkali liquor into the reaction pot under stirring to gelatinize starch liquid, then preparing 30g of borax solution with the mass fraction of 20% by using hot water at 70 ℃, then adding the borax solution into the reaction pot under stirring to prepare the starch adhesive with the viscosity of 10-12Pa & s;
step four: spreading about 300g of selected full clover seeds in a flat bottom plate, uniformly spraying about 40g of starch adhesive by using an electric sprayer, and placing the clover seeds in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ to shake for 15 minutes so as to uniformly mix the seeds and the starch adhesive;
step five: uniformly scattering 600g of the prepared nutrition matrix plant ash on the ryegrass seeds in the fourth step, placing the ryegrass seeds in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ to shake for 15 minutes to enable the plant ash and the seeds to be fully mixed and uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the seeds, then placing the seeds in a vacuum drying box to dry at low temperature, and removing redundant plant ash scattered in a flat-bottom plate;
step six: flatly spreading the ryegrass seeds wrapped in the fifth step in a flat-bottom plate, uniformly spraying about 40g of starch adhesive on the surfaces of the seeds again, uniformly spreading 900g of decomposed chicken manure of the nutrient substrate prepared in the first step on the seeds, placing the seeds in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ and shaking for 15 minutes to uniformly wrap the nutrient substrate again, repeating the step, uniformly spreading 1200g of crushed poplar chips outside the seeds, shaking for 15 minutes in the shaking box, and finally enabling the wrapping thickness of the nutrient substrate to reach 0.2-0.3 cm;
step seven: flatly spreading ryegrass seeds wrapped with 0.2-0.3cm of nutrient medium in a flat-bottom plate, uniformly spraying 30g of starch adhesive, uniformly scattering 1200g of powdery high polymer material protective film raw material prepared in the step two on the seeds wrapped with the nutrient medium, placing the seeds in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ for shaking for 15 minutes, fully and uniformly mixing to enable the high polymer material protective film raw material powder to be uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nutrient medium, and drying at low temperature;
step eight: in 3 months of the lunar calendar, the prepared ryegrass seeds wrapped with the polymer material protective film and the nutrient medium are sowed in the soil polluted by severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, watered, the water content of the soil is controlled to reach 60%, and the prepared seeds are sowed on the polluted soil.
The high molecular film (the material of mixing the vegetable oil and the biochar) on the surface of the wrapped seeds can isolate the toxic action of high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on the seeds, can also play the role of natural biosurfactant and plays a role in degrading the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The nutrient medium for wrapping the seeds is a nutrient element necessary for seed germination and is also a nutrient medium for microbial propagation. In the process of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of seeds from outside to inside gradually, the seeds are germinated and grown by utilizing a nutrient medium after contacting with air moisture, and under the dual actions of external degradation of a high-molecular composite material and internal metabolism of a plant nutrient medium, the germination rate of the seeds can be improved by about 20 percent, when the ryegrass grows to a mature plant, the ryegrass is removed, and then the seeding is repeated for 2 times until the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the soil is less than 50mg/kg, so that the environment safety standard is reached.
Claims (8)
1. A method for in-situ phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil by a polymer protective film is characterized by comprising the following steps: the seed wrapping material comprises a natural degradable high-molecular protective film, a nutrient substrate and an adhesive; the components of the natural degradable polymer protective film comprise 30-60% of rapeseed oil, 15-28% of petroleum sodium sulfonate, 5-15% of active carbon and 15-28% of water at 50-60 ℃ by mass percentage; the nutrient medium comprises plant ash with the particle size of 0.8-1.4mm, decomposed chicken manure with the particle size of 2.0-2.5mm and wood chips with the particle size of 3-4 mm; the components of the adhesive comprise 24-38% of corn starch, 1-5% of borax, 3-10% of sodium hydroxide and 50-70% of water by mass percent;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing an adhesive, namely adding water into a reaction kettle, adding corn starch under stirring, stirring uniformly, adding 10 mass percent sodium hydroxide alkali liquor, stirring to gelatinize the corn starch liquor, and adding 20 mass percent borax solution at 65-75 ℃ to obtain the starch adhesive with the viscosity of 10-15 Pa.s;
step two: selecting full-grain plant seeds, flatly paving the plant seeds in a flat-bottom plate, spraying a starch adhesive on the surfaces of the seeds by using an electric sprayer, placing the seeds in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ to shake for 15 minutes to uniformly mix the seeds with the adhesive, uniformly scattering plant ash on the seeds attached with the adhesive, horizontally shaking the flat-bottom plate in the constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃ to fully mix the plant ash and the seeds uniformly, and placing the flat-bottom plate in a vacuum drying box to dry at 25 ℃;
step three: spreading the plant seeds in the second step in a flat-bottom plate, uniformly spraying a starch adhesive on the surfaces of the seeds again, uniformly spreading the thoroughly decomposed chicken manure on the seeds, and fully vibrating in a constant-temperature 25 ℃ vibration box for 15 minutes;
step four: flatly paving the plant seeds wrapped in the step three in a flat-bottom plate, uniformly spraying a starch adhesive on the surfaces of the seeds again, and uniformly scattering wood chips outside the seeds;
step five: transferring the seeds wrapped with the nutrient substrate in the step four into a new flat-bottom plate, uniformly spraying a starch adhesive, uniformly scattering raw material powder of the natural degradable high-molecular protective film on the seeds wrapped with the nutrient substrate, uniformly wrapping the raw material powder of the natural degradable high-molecular protective film on the surface of the nutrient substrate, and drying at the temperature of 25 ℃;
step six: the prepared seeds wrapped with the polymer material protective film and the nutrient matrix are sowed in the soil polluted by the severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon according to 20000-25000 seeds/hectare, and the soil polluted by the severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can be repaired in situ by watering, field management and repeated sowing for 2-5 times.
2. The method for in-situ phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with a polymer protective film according to claim 1, wherein the components of the natural degradable polymer protective film comprise 50% by mass of rapeseed oil, 20% by mass of petroleum sodium sulfonate, 10% by mass of activated carbon, and 20% by mass of water at 50-60 ℃; the adhesive comprises 30% of corn starch, 3% of borax, 7% of sodium hydroxide and 60% of water by mass.
3. The method for in-situ phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with a polymer protective film according to claim 1, wherein the plant ash is prepared by firing plant straws at 400 ℃, and grinding the plant ash until the particle size is 0.8-1.4 mm.
4. The method for in-situ phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with a polymer protective film according to claim 1, wherein the decomposed chicken manure is taken from a chicken farm, naturally accumulated and fermented for 5-6 months, then dried in the sun, and ground to a particle size of 2.0-2.5 mm.
5. The method for in-situ phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with a polymeric protective film according to claim 1, wherein the wood chips are poplar wood chips, and the wood chips are crushed to a particle size of 3-4 mm.
6. The method for in-situ phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with a polymer protective film according to claim 1, wherein in the second, third and fourth steps, the mass ratio of the seeds to the starch binder is 1: 0.3-0.5; the mass ratio of the seeds to the plant ash is 1: 1-3; the mass ratio of the seeds to the thoroughly decomposed chicken manure is 1: 1-4; the mass ratio of the seeds to the wood chips is 1: 3-5; the thickness of the nutrient substrate is 0.2-0.3 cm.
7. The method for in-situ phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with a polymer protective film according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the seeds to the natural degradable polymer protective film is 1: 3-5, and the thickness of the natural degradable polymer protective film is 0.05-0.1 cm.
8. The method for polymer protective film in-situ phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the plant seeds comprise bidens bipinnata, clover or ryegrass seeds; the concentration of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the soil polluted by the severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is 10-20g/kg of soil.
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