JP4226065B1 - Manufacturing method of soil improvement materials - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
In order to restore the original soil ecosystem to soil where the ecosystem has collapsed, a soil improvement material for promoting the growth of self-active nematodes using Bacillus bacteria is provided.
[Solution]
Bacillus bacteria by mixing sludge containing Bacillus bacteria and siliceous matter and cellulose containing at least one of nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium while inhabiting autoactive nematodes and fermenting at 20 ° C to 45 ° C. with the provide a method of manufacturing a soil improving material, characterized in that prompted the growth of its own active nematodes with dominated reduction, together Bacillus exists 10 ⁶ to 10 ^8/1 g in the mixture The problem is solved by providing a soil improvement material characterized by the presence of 5,000 to 120,000 self-active nematodes per 10 g.
[Selection] Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for soil improvement materials for improving soil.

  Regions where commodity crops are actively cultivated are said to have many continuous cropping disorders. Continuous cropping failure means that soil crops are unbalanced by cropping the same crop at the same place, causing crops to suffer from diseases such as illness and malnutrition. For example, there are those derived from nematodes produced by parasitic nematodes that live on higher plants for a certain period of time, and those caused by pathogenic bacteria.

  In order to suppress this continuous cropping disorder, generally, soil is sterilized using chemical pesticides, pesticides, and Bordeaux liquid (a mixed liquid of copper sulfate and lime). However, the soil ecosystem is destroyed by disinfection, and the pesticide used in the first year causes a bias in the ecosystem. And since the soil has the property of absorbing and aggregating these disinfecting substances, agricultural chemicals are accumulated in the soil by long-term application of agricultural chemicals, and the land may become thin and become barren. Furthermore, not only are there concerns about damage caused by residual agricultural chemicals flowing into rivers, but there are also concerns about the health damage of farmers.

To overcome this injury by continuous cropping, soil improving material which dominated the bus Chirusu bacteria have been invented. For example, in Patent Document 1 is Bacillus subtilis by mixing the microorganism sludge and the sludge that is dominant of soil improving material obtained by fermentation is disclosed. Bacillus is a spore-forming cell of the genus Bacillus. In particular, Bacillus subtilis exhibits degradability to organic matter and exhibits sterilizing and agrochemical properties of harmful microorganisms in agricultural crops. In this sense, the fermentation product functions as a soil improvement material or a microbial disinfectant, thereby preventing continuous cropping failures.

  By the way, nematodes are said to be an indicator of geopower, and in the relationship of diet of soil microorganisms, they make a much more complex and diverse relationship than earthworms. In addition to the parasitic nematodes, the nematodes include predatory nematodes that prey on other nematodes, etc., and humic nematodes that live on the remains of animals and plants. Predatory nematodes and humic nematodes These are called autoactive nematodes.

Differences between self-active nematodes and parasitic nematodes can be easily distinguished by the presence or absence of a mouth needle. Parasitic nematodes is a huge thing is large mouth needle, root-knot nematodes, cyst nematodes, is root rot nematodes are as the three major parasitic nematodes. Nematodes vary in size and are about 0.5 to 1.5 mm long.

  Among self-active nematodes, predatory nematodes are known to have species that eat parasitic nematodes. In good soil rich in organic matter and rich in microorganisms, there are many self-active nematodes, and by measuring the number of nematodes, it can be an index to know the effects of soil improvement materials on the formation of soil ecosystems. is there.

  In general, the number of self-active nematodes is overwhelmingly large in the soil, but until now, research has been focused on the control of harmful parasitic nematodes. The current situation has not been made much.

JP 2006-274205 A

  Parasitic nematodes generally have a host crop, and the parasitic nematodes increase gradually as the crops are cropped. When soil is sterilized with pesticides, the number of self-active nematodes that should have existed is reduced, and the soil ecosystem is destroyed.

  Therefore, in the present invention, in order to restore the original soil ecosystem to the soil where the soil ecosystem has collapsed due to the above circumstances, a soil improvement material for promoting the growth of autoactive nematodes using Bacillus bacteria is provided. It is intended to provide.

The above-mentioned problem is solved by the following means.
(1) Sludge containing Bacillus bacteria and siliceous matter and cellulose containing at least one of nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium while being inhabited by self-active nematodes and fermenting at 20 ° C to 45 ° C. A method for producing a soil-improving material, characterized by predominating Bacillus bacteria and promoting the growth of autoactive nematodes.
(2) The method for producing a soil-improving material according to (1), wherein the sludge is clean water sludge and the cellulose is a mixture of at least a pruned branch and a waste fungus bed.

With the dominance of Bacillus bacteria, the soil improvement material of the present invention also proliferates autoactive nematodes, thereby effectively restoring the soil ecosystem and improving the soil.

Furthermore, when at least clean water sludge is used as the sludge, an environment suitable for dominating Bacillus bacteria can be provided.

Further, by using a pruned branch as the cellulose, it is possible to reduce the increase in fermentation temperature, so that the temperature does not reach the temperature at which the self-active nematodes are killed, and excessive drying can be suppressed. it is possible to provide a soil improving material of the left to survive.

Soil Additionally, for the manufacturing of the soil improving material in the method of the present invention, characterized in that Bacillus bacteria 10 ⁶ to 10 own active nematodes with ^8/1 g there exists 5 1000-120000 animals / 10 g Improved materials can also be provided.

In the present invention, sludge and cellulose are mixed and fermented at 20 ° C. to 45 ° C., so that Bacillus bacteria contained in the sludge predominate. It has the basic feature of predation and multiplication.

  The sludge contains Bacillus bacteria. Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis, which is attached to rice straw and the like. Bacillus is known to have the ability to kill 28 pathogens that cause plant diseases such as mold and bacteria. Among them, Bacillus. Thuringiensis is said to have an insecticidal effect on larvae of moths and butterflies and is also known as a microbial pesticide. Of course, the Bacillus bacterium is not derived from sludge, and a commercially available liquid Bacillus (a product obtained by culturing Bacillus bacterium in a liquid) may be used. At this time, “Non-profit corporation clean clean service 21 cultivated on the basis of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus natto, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast:“ Make Clean ”: Material No. BIOM may be used.

  Water sludge, sewage sludge, etc. can be used as the sludge. It is preferable that the sludge contains siliceous material. This is because siliceous is a nutrient necessary for Bacillus bacteria to form spores. Clean water sludge is mainly composed of silt and clay containing silica and is preferably used in the present invention. Further, the water sludge contains a large amount of minerals, and together with the silica, it is a suitable condition for the predominance of Bacillus bacteria. A mixture of water sludge and sewage sludge may be used, and siliceous may be added later as an additive.

Until now, water sludge has often been treated as waste because aluminum is often used as a flocculant, which combines with the phosphorus in the soil and causes phosphorus starvation of the soil. As a result of fermenting with sludge and cellulose to dominate the wastewater, surplus phosphoric acid is supplied from the sewage sludge and waste microbial bed even if the aluminum in the contained water sludge combines with some phosphate ions Therefore, phosphate starvation can be deterred.

  The cellulose is pruned branches, mushroom waste bed from mushroom fungus cultivation, mulch, sawdust, bean sprouts, charcoal, charcoal and bamboo charcoal, bran, rice bran, corn straw, soybean straw, okara, beer straw, It is also possible to use a product obtained by breeding a self-active nematode on pulverized paper such as whiskey candy, shochu, cotton candy, or cardboard. These may be used alone or in combination. However, depending on the species, the fermentation temperature may be high, so it is preferable to use a mixture with a material that ferments at a low temperature such as a pruned branch. Cellulose can be 3 mm to 1 cm, preferably about 5 mm in size. It is also possible to grind.

When the “pruned branch” is used in the present invention, in addition to the pruned branch of the tree, it includes the trunk and root of the tree and the cut grass, grass, flowers and leaves of the tree. It also includes felled trees, root stocks, and grasses generated by weeding operations, grass and mowing lawns, etc., which are used in landscaping, such as flowers and trees in mountains, parks and roads, and those pruned at home. it can. At this time, the pruned branch is preferably pulverized to about 5 mm to 1 cm. When there are many leaves, it is easy to ferment, and when there are many branches, it becomes difficult to decompose during fermentation. Therefore, it is possible to adjust appropriately according to the speed of fermentation.

  When using waste mushroom beds produced from fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms, raw wood such as oak, kunugi, cherry, etc. used in log cultivation is finely pulverized to about 3 mm to 1 cm, broad-leaved trees and conifers used in fungus bed cultivation A mixture of horse dung and straw used in compost cultivation is used.

  As described above, wastes can be effectively used in the present invention by using not only clean water sludge but also cellulose which is originally treated as waste, such as pruned branches and waste fungus beds.

  In addition, even if only about 20/10 g of self-active nematodes are present in the cellulose, 10,000 or more self-active nematodes can be grown by fermentation under the conditions of the present invention. A large number of nematodes means that the soil is very healthy and nutritious. Therefore, the growth of crops grown in soil with a lot of nematodes is improved.

Furthermore, the cellulose scan, it is preferable that at least a nitrogen, phosphorus, one of the nutrients potassium. This is because it has a good influence on the dominance of Bacillus bacteria. Thus, Bacillus bacteria allowing dominant by nutrient source contained in the cellulose. Of course, it is also possible to add nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as nutrients.

  The weight ratio of cellulose to sludge may be 5: 5, but is preferably sludge 2-4: cellulose 6-8, more preferably sludge 3: cellulose 7. This blending ratio varies depending on the cellulose seed. Since nematodes cannot grow without cellulose, it is preferable to increase the amount of cellulose rather than sludge.

These are mixed and fermented at medium and low temperatures, so that Bacillus bacteria predominate, and about 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁸ pieces / g are present. Along with this, the self- acting nematode in cellulose grows by feeding on the dominant Bacillus bacteria. At this time, a suitable fermentation temperature is 20 to 45 ° C, more preferably 20 to 40 ° C. If it exceeds this, it will be unable to live due to the high temperature, and the self-active nematode will die. Furthermore, by fermenting at such a low temperature, several types of Bacillus species are generated as shown in FIG. 7, so that it is expected to be highly effective for restoring the soil ecosystem and suppressing continuous cropping disorders. is there.

  FIG. 1 and Tables 1 and 2 show the experimental results showing that 20 to 45 ° C. is the limit value of the nematode habitat. FIG. 1 is a graph showing the fermentation temperature for each sample, Table 1 shows the blending conditions, and Table 2 shows the number of nematodes in the first week and the second week.

ここから、最も温度が高くなった（４５℃程度）試料Dでも2800程度の線虫が確認できたことから、この温度が限界値であると考えられる。その後、発酵温度が４０℃以下となると、次第に線虫は増加し、第２週目には9000程度となった。それに対し、第１週から線虫が多く存在したのは４５℃以下で発酵した試料A,B,Eであった。なお、試料Cに線虫が少ないのは、線虫の増殖に必要なセルロースが汚泥に対して少なかったためと考えられる。試料A、Bは第２週目には線虫が減少しているのに対し、試料Eは線虫が増加している。

From this, since about 2800 nematodes were confirmed even in Sample D where the temperature was the highest (about 45 ° C.), this temperature is considered to be the limit value. Thereafter, when the fermentation temperature became 40 ° C. or lower, nematodes gradually increased and reached about 9000 in the second week. On the other hand, samples A, B, and E fermented at 45 ° C. or less had a large number of nematodes from the first week. In addition, it is thought that the sample C has few nematodes because the cellulose necessary for the growth of nematodes was less than the sludge. Samples A and B have a decrease in nematodes in the second week, whereas sample E has an increase in nematodes.

  So far, the technology of fermenting sludge and cellulose at about 20 to 50 ° C. has been disclosed, but the present invention is characterized by fermentation at 45 ° C. or less, preferably 40 ° C. or less. This is because the inventors of the present application have found that there is an advantageous effect that nematodes do not die. Usually, because compost is used, the fermentation becomes high temperature (50 or higher, and 60 ° C or higher), and the nematode is killed because it is continued in that state, so that a healthy soil ecosystem is formed by the nematode. The effect cannot be expected. However, in the present invention, in order to prevent fermentation at 45 ° C. or higher, a pruned branch is added as cellulose, which is an effective point different from the prior art. The pruned branch has a feature that the temperature of fermentation is low and it is easy to keep the fermentation temperature below 45 ° C. This is because the cellulose content is strong and decomposition is difficult to proceed.

Water content although fermented mixture of cellulose and sludge are at approximately 20% or more, preferably Ru der about 20% to 60%. In the case of 20% or less, moisture is insufficient, and the nematode habitat is deteriorated. Therefore, it is important to maintain the water content during fermentation.

  The improving agent of the present invention can prevent a continuous cropping failure, regain a healthy soil ecosystem, and can also nourish crops as a fertilizer, so that it can have a very good effect.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a change in fermentation temperature when the pruned branch and the waste fungus bed are mixed at a ratio of 5: 5 and liquid bacillus is added for fermentation. From this figure, it can be seen that when pruned branches are added as cellulose, fermentation can be stabilized at 35 ° C. or lower (20 to 35 ° C.).

FIG. 3 shows the number of Bacillus bacteria (Bacillus colonies) at this time. From this result, although there is variation in the number of Bacillus bacteria, it has been changing at about 10 ⁷ to 10 ⁸ cells / 1 g, and it is clear that Bacillus bacteria can be dominant as shown in FIG. is there. Note that “ dominance” means the occupation ratio of Bacillus bacteria in the cells. Then, since early in the fermentation it is also clear that the possible dominant reduction, it can be seen the combination of the pruned branches and waste mushroom bed is dominant of friendly environment for Bacillus.

  FIG. 5 shows the number of nematodes at this time. It reached its peak in the second week and inhabited nearly 120,000 / 10g, but after the fourth week it was stable at 5,000 to 20,000. In normal soil, the number of nematodes is about 0 to 300/10 g, and the bark fermented compost is about 3,000 to 4,000. Therefore, it can be said that the number of nematodes of the present invention is extremely large. Furthermore, since normal compost is fermented and becomes high temperature, the number of nematodes tends to gradually decrease. However, since the fermentation temperature of the present invention is medium and low, nematodes are not killed by the temperature rise.

From the above, it is clear that more nematodes can be grown than usual by dominating Bacillus bacteria and fermenting cellulose under specific conditions.

  In addition, since the number of Bacillus and the number of nematodes are stabilized in about one week from the start of fermentation and reach a peak after the second week, it is preferable to use a later material as a soil improvement material.

In the present invention, nutrients contained in cellulose effectively act to dominate Bacillus bacteria, while nematodes contained in cellulose grow under specific conditions while feeding on Bacillus bacteria. This combination proved to be very effective.

Next, it is proved that it is preferable to use at least clean water sludge as sludge and at least pruned branches as cellulose. Table 3 shows the number of Bacillus bacteria contained when fermenting sludge and several types of cellulose and predominating Bacillus bacteria. RUN A is fermented at a rate of 1 kg of sewage sludge, 4 kg of sewage sludge, 5 kg of waste microbial beds, RUN B is fermented at a rate of 4 kg of sewage sludge, 5 kg of sewage sludge, sprouts, C was fermented at a rate of 5 kg, such as 1 kg of sewage sludge, 4 kg of clean water sludge, and pruned branches. RUN D was fermented at a rate of 9 kg, such as 1 kg of sewage sludge, pruned branches (see Table 4). In addition, the said compounding ratio is a ratio in dry mass.

この結果より、もやし滓を用いたRUN Ｂは混合発酵初期のバチルス菌優占化が早く、カビも発生せず、有効であったが、発酵による発熱で乾燥傾向にあり、コロニー数が安定しなかった。剪定枝を用いたRUN Ｃは優占化までの期間は長いものの、最終的にコロニー数は１０^８個/ｇ以上存在し、廃菌床を用いたRUN Ａを上回る結果となった。RUN Ｄは終始カビが蔓延しており、コロニー数の増加も確認できなかった。表３の優占化欄の△は雑菌が多くバチルス菌の優占化率が５０％以下の状態、○はバチルス菌が全体の菌の５０％〜９０％程度存在している状態、◎は雑菌がほとんど見られずにバチルス菌が９０％以上優占化している状態を示している。また、カビ欄の++はカビが５０％以上、+は１０％〜５０％、-は１０％以下でほとんど確認されない状態を示している。

From this result, RUN B using bean sprouts was effective in the early fermentation of Bacillus bacteria and was free of mold and was effective, but it was prone to dryness due to heat generated by fermentation, and the number of colonies was stable. There wasn't. Although RUN C using pruned branches had a long period until dominance, the number of colonies was finally 10 ⁸ / g or more, which exceeded RUN A using a waste fungus bed. RUN D was infested with mold from beginning to end, and an increase in the number of colonies could not be confirmed. Table 3 dominance of column △ are bacteria that many dominant rate of Bacillus bacteria following 50% state, ○ is present about 50% to 90% of the total bacteria Bacillus state, ◎ is It shows a state in which Bacillus bacteria are dominated by 90% or more with almost no germs. Further, ++ in the mold column indicates that the mold is 50% or more, + is 10% to 50%, and-is 10% or less and is hardly confirmed.

  From the above facts, the pruned branch is effective in that the fermentation temperature does not increase and the fermentation proceeds slowly, so that it is suppressed to a temperature increase that does not kill the nematode. Then, the results of RUN C and RUN D were compared, and it was found preferable to use clean water sludge. This is because the water sludge contains a lot of silica, but this is a nutrient that is necessary for Bacillus bacteria to form spores. It is highly probable that it will decrease, and it is speculated that neither increased nor decreased.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the number of nematodes that RUN A to RUN D have. Although RUN C is not as much as RUN D, there are consistently more nematodes than RUN A and RUN B. Since nematodes prey on mold and bacteria, it can be seen that when they decrease, nematodes also decrease.

From the above, it has been found that it is effective to use clean water sludge as sludge, and it is effective to use pruned branches as cellulose. By fermenting in a medium low temperature by mixing them and to produce a soil improving material, self-active nematodes with Bacillus exists 10 ⁶ to 10 ^8/1 g in the mixture is 5 1000-120000 animals / 10 g will be present.

Although it is also possible to grow crops using the soil improving material as it is, by mixing 10 to 90 parts by weight of 10 to 90 parts by weight of soil the soil improving material, the soil ecosystem collapses healthy Can be restored. The same effect can be obtained by cultivating crops after improving the soil. And it makes it possible to grow in soil rich in nutrients for the growth of crops.

  About the ratio in the case of mixing a pruned branch and a waste fungus bed as a cellulose, a pruned branch can be mixed by the weight ratio of 1-9: pruned branches 1-9. The reason why the blending ratio is wide is that there is a difference in fermentation temperature depending on the type of pruned branch used. The branch part is difficult to decompose and the fermentation temperature is low, but the leaf part is easy to decompose, so the decomposition is easier to proceed than the branch part. Therefore, it is preferable to change the amount appropriately according to the species to be used. At this time, it is preferable to use 2 to 4 sludge as a weight ratio with respect to cellulose 6 to 8.

  In addition, when mixing sludge with a cellulose and fermenting, sludge can be thrown in in steps. Thus, by sequentially adding sludge to cellulose, Bacillus and nematodes can be effectively cultured. In the case of this method, the ratio of sludge can be increased compared to cellulose, compared with the case of mixing and fermenting in one step without stepwise input. For example, sludge (first input) 5 (post input) 5 : Pruned branch 0.6: Waste bacteria bed 3 ratio is also possible. In this case, sludge 5: cellulose 1.8-3 can be blended at a weight ratio. If a soil improvement material can be provided with such a compounding ratio, it will become possible to manufacture more cheaply.

The figure which shows the change of the fermentation temperature according to the kind of sludge and cellulose The figure which shows the temperature change at the time of fermenting the mixture of a pruning branch and a waste microbial bed Changes in the number of Bacillus bacteria during fermentation of a mixture of pruned branches and waste bed Changes in dominant ratio of Bacillus when fermenting a mixture of waste mushroom bed and pruned branches Changes in the number of nematodes when fermenting a mixture of pruned branches and waste bed The figure which showed the difference in the number of nematodes according to the kind of sludge and cellulose Bacillus species and colony shape

Claims (2)

Bacillus bacteria by mixing sludge containing Bacillus bacteria and siliceous matter and cellulose containing at least one of nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium while inhabiting autoactive nematodes and fermenting at 20 ° C to 45 ° C. A method for producing a soil-improving material, characterized by promoting the proliferation of self- acting nematodes while predominating the soil. 2. The method for producing a soil improvement material according to claim 1, wherein the sludge is clean water sludge, and the cellulose is a mixture of at least a pruned branch and a waste fungus bed.

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