JP4224865B2 - High silicon electrical steel sheet - Google Patents

High silicon electrical steel sheet Download PDF

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JP4224865B2
JP4224865B2 JP05938997A JP5938997A JP4224865B2 JP 4224865 B2 JP4224865 B2 JP 4224865B2 JP 05938997 A JP05938997 A JP 05938997A JP 5938997 A JP5938997 A JP 5938997A JP 4224865 B2 JP4224865 B2 JP 4224865B2
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Prior art keywords
steel sheet
electrical steel
high silicon
silicon electrical
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JP05938997A
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JPH10251814A (en
Inventor
重彰 高城
修 近藤
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
この発明は、トランス、モータ等の鉄心材料に好適な磁気特性に優れた高珪素電磁鋼板に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
珪素鋼板は優れた磁気特性を有しトランス、モータ等の鉄心材料として広く用いられている。現在、通常に用いられている珪素鋼板のSi含有量は、4%未満であるが、Si含有量をさらに増加し高珪素とすることにより、鉄損が一層小さくなり、また磁歪も減少することが知られている。とくに、Si含有量が6.5 %となると磁歪が殆どなくなり、鉄心材料としては最も好ましい磁気特性となる。
【0003】
しかしながら、Si含有量が4%を超えると、圧延性が劣化し、しかも鉄心の所定形状に加工する際に行われる打抜き加工時に割れが発生しやすく、Si含有量が4%を超える珪素鋼板の工業的生産は、非常に限定された規模でのみ行われていたのである。
しかし、最近になって、例えば、特開昭62−278227号公報に示すように、仕上熱延時に熱間潤滑剤を用いて、組織の微細均一性を改善することにより高珪素鋼板の圧延法による製造上の問題が解決され、薄板に加工することが可能となり、高珪素鋼板の薄板状電磁材料への適用拡大が期待できるようになってきた。
【0004】
しかしながら、4%を超えるSiを含有す高珪素鋼板は、Si含有量が4%未満の珪素鋼板にくらべ、打抜き加工性が依然として劣り、温間加工で行うか、加工条件を厳密に管理して行う必要があり、適用拡大が制限されていた。
打抜き加工性の改善については、例えば、特開平6-172941号公報、特開平6-192797号公報には、結晶粒界の酸素濃度を低く制限し、さらに結晶粒径を大きくして、あるいは集合組織中の特定結晶方位の存在比率を調整して、常温での加工が可能とする高珪素鋼板が提案されている。
【0005】
しかしながら、結晶粒界の酸素濃度を低減するためには、真空中での高温かつ長時間の熱処理、あるいは特殊な製板条件を必要とし、工業的生産としては経済的、生産能率的に問題があった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記した問題を有利に解決し、打抜き加工性に優れた高珪素電磁鋼板を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、4%以上のSiを含有する高Siの高珪素鋼板の打抜き性を改善するために鋭意検討した結果、Fe−Si合金にBを適量添加し、さらにC、O量をともに低減することにより、はじめて極めて良好な打抜き加工性が得られることを見いだした。
【0008】
これまでも、Bが加工性を向上させることについては知られており、特開平6-172941号公報や、特開平6-192797号公報にも選択的に添加できる元素として記載されている。しかし、添加量は0.01%までであり、それ以上の添加は材質を脆化するとされていた。
しかしながら、本発明者らは、C、O量をともに低減し、さらにBを多量に添加することにより、通常の圧延による製板が可能となり、さらに打抜き加工性も向上することを見いだし、打抜き加工が可能な高Siの高珪素電磁鋼板の製造の見通しを得た。
【0009】
本発明は上記した知見に基づき構成されたものである。
すなわち、本発明は、重量%で、C:0.003 %以下、0:0.003 %以下、Si:4 〜7 %、B:0.01〜0.05%を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなることを特徴とする高珪素電磁鋼板である。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の高珪素電磁鋼板組成の限定理由について説明する。
Si:4〜7%、
Siは、磁歪を抑制し、透磁率および固有抵抗を高め、結果として鉄損を低減するのに有効な元素であり、優れた磁気特性を得るためには4%以上の含有が必要であるが、7%を超える含有は圧延加工性、打ち抜き性を著しく劣化させるため、Siは4〜7%の範囲に限定した。
【0011】
B:0.01〜0.05%
Bは本発明で重要な元素で、打抜き性、さらに圧延加工性の向上に効果がある。Bは鉄合金では僅かしか固溶されないため、粒界部分に偏析濃化しやすく、Bを0.01%以上多量に添加するとその殆どが析出物となり、粒界に主としてFe2Bの形で存在することになる。このBの粒界部分への偏析、B化合物の析出が、Fe−Si合金の打抜き性と、圧延加工性の向上に寄与しているものと考えられる。その向上機構については、明確ではないが、ひとつには析出物の存在が亀裂の伝播を防ぐこと、あるいはBの含有によりFe−Si合金の集合組織が影響をうけ、粒界部分の破壊を起こりにくくしているためと推定される。
【0012】
Bの添加が0.01%未満では、上記した効果を充分に発現することができない。一方、0.05%を超えると、粒界を脆化させ、さらに磁気特性を劣化させる。このため、Bは0.01〜0.05%の範囲とした。
C:0.003 %以下、0:0.003 %以下
C、0は、Bと優先的に結合し、Bを含む複炭化物や酸化物となり、上記した打抜き性、圧延加工性の向上といったBの効果を阻害する元素でありできるだけ低減する。上記したBの効果を有効に発現させるためには、従来の水準(C:0.01%、O:0.01%)より著しく低い、C:0.003 %以下、0:0.003 %以下に限定する必要がある。
【0013】
つぎに、本発明の高珪素電磁鋼板の製造に好適な製造方法について説明する。本発明の高珪素鋼板を製造するにあたり、原材料の選択とそれらの溶解が重要になる。主原料のFeは、C量が0.003 %以下、O量が0.003 %以下であれば、溶解時に特別な純化処理を必要としない。しかし、C量が0.003 %、O量が0.003 %をそれぞれ超える材料の場合には、真空溶解等の純化処理を必要とする。また、B源としては、通常フェロボロンを使用するが、C、Oの除去に障害となる不純物(例えば、TiC 、B2O3等)の含有量を極力低減した材料を用いることが肝要となる。
【0014】
溶解後の鋳造は、セラミックス鋳型を用いる通常の方法を用いることができる。なお、鋳型を加熱する必要はないが、急冷を防止するため、鋳型上部に保温材を置く等の措置が望ましい。
鋳造された材料は、熱間圧延を施され所定寸法、好ましくは2〜4mmに加工される。熱間圧延条件としては、加熱温度:1100〜1150℃、材料温度:1000〜1100℃とするのが好ましい。圧延後の特別な冷却、例えば制御冷却は必要としない。続いて、200 〜400 ℃の温間で、好ましくは0.2 〜1.0mm の薄板に加工する。ついで、仕上焼鈍として、還元性あるいは非酸化性雰囲気の900 〜1300℃で1min〜3hrの熱処理を行い製品とする。
【0015】
【実施例】
表1に示す組成の合金を真空中の高周波溶解により1kg溶製した。溶解中の真空度は1 ×10-5〜3 ×10-5Torrとした。溶解原料は、純度99.5%の電解鉄(O:0.007wt %、C:0.001wt %)、純度99.999%のSi、純度99%のFe-20wt %B合金とし、電解鉄を溶解してからSi、ついでFe- B合金を投入した。また、C量の調節のため、純度99.5%のFe-5.2wt%C合金をFe- B合金と同時時期に投入した、さらに、O量の調節のため、真空度と溶解時間を変化した。なお、作製した合金の不純物としては、ほかにMnが0.002 %、Pが0.002 %、Sが0.001 %であった。
【0016】
溶解した溶湯は、真空中でアルミナ鋳型(内径80mmφ) に注入し自然放冷し、鋳片とした。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0004224865
【0018】
厚さ15mmに切断した鋳片を、1100℃にArガス中で加熱し、3パスの熱間圧延により3mm厚の熱延板とした。ついで、板温 300℃に保持した熱延板を6パスで0.35mm厚の薄板とした。これら薄板にAr雰囲気中1200℃×1hrの仕上焼鈍を施し製品板とした。これら製品板について磁気特性と打抜き加工性を調査した。
磁気特性は、製品板から圧延方向に長さ150mm 、幅20mmの測定試料を採取し、単板法で周波数50Hz、磁束密度1Tにおける鉄損W10/50 を求めた。一方、打抜き加工試験は、室温でリング試料打抜き試験機で外径45mm、内径33mmのリング状試験片を打ち抜き、打ち抜いた後の端面を実体顕微鏡で観察し割れの有無を調べた。
【0019】
それらの結果を表1に示す。
本発明範囲の製品板No.3〜No.6、No.9、No.10 、No.14 、No.15 は、打抜き時に割れは見られず優れた打抜き性を有し、しかも良好な磁気特性を有している。
本発明範囲内であっても、B量の増加とともに鉄損が若干増加傾向にある。
一方、Bが本発明の範囲より少ない製品板No.1、No.2は打抜き加工時に割れが発生し、Bが本発明の範囲をこえる製品板No.7、No.8は鉄損が増加し磁気特性が劣化している。また、製品板No.8は打ち抜き加工時に割れが発生している。また、Cが本発明の範囲をこえる製品板No.16 、No.17 はBの有利な効果が消失し鉄損が増加し、打抜き加工割れが発生している。
【0020】
このように、本発明の範囲内に組成を調整した高珪素電磁鋼板は、圧延加工、打抜き加工が可能であり、磁気特性にも優れ、打ち抜き加工性に優れた高珪素電磁鋼板である。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、磁性特性に優れた高珪素電磁鋼板の打抜き加工性を大幅に向上することができ、量産が可能になり用途拡大が期待できるなど産業上格段の効果を奏する。[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a high silicon electrical steel sheet having excellent magnetic properties suitable for iron core materials such as transformers and motors.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Silicon steel sheets have excellent magnetic properties and are widely used as iron core materials for transformers, motors and the like. Currently, the silicon content of silicon steel sheets that are normally used is less than 4%, but by further increasing the Si content and increasing the silicon content, iron loss is further reduced and magnetostriction is also reduced. It has been known. In particular, when the Si content is 6.5%, the magnetostriction is almost eliminated, and the most preferable magnetic property as an iron core material is obtained.
[0003]
However, if the Si content exceeds 4%, the rollability deteriorates, and cracks are likely to occur during the punching process performed when processing into a predetermined shape of the iron core. Industrial production took place only on a very limited scale.
However, recently, as shown in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-278227, a hot lubricant is used at the time of finish hot rolling to improve the fine uniformity of the structure, thereby rolling the high silicon steel sheet. The manufacturing problem due to the above has been solved, it has become possible to process into a thin plate, and it has been expected that the application of high silicon steel sheet to a thin plate electromagnetic material will be expanded.
[0004]
However, high silicon steel sheets containing more than 4% Si are still inferior in punching workability compared to silicon steel sheets with less than 4% Si content. It was necessary to do so, and the application expansion was limited.
Regarding the improvement of the punching workability, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 6-129411 and 6-1992797, the oxygen concentration at the crystal grain boundary is limited to be low, and the crystal grain size is increased or the aggregate is gathered. A high silicon steel sheet that can be processed at room temperature by adjusting the abundance ratio of a specific crystal orientation in the structure has been proposed.
[0005]
However, in order to reduce the oxygen concentration at the grain boundaries, high-temperature and long-time heat treatment in vacuum or special plate-making conditions are required, and there are problems in terms of economic and production efficiency for industrial production. there were.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems advantageously and provide a high silicon electrical steel sheet having excellent punching workability.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to improve the punchability of a high-Si high-silicon steel sheet containing 4% or more of Si, the present inventors have added an appropriate amount of B to the Fe-Si alloy, and further added C and O amounts. It has been found that, by reducing both, extremely good punching workability can be obtained for the first time.
[0008]
Until now, it has been known that B improves workability, and it is described as an element that can be selectively added in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 6-129411 and 6-127927. However, the addition amount is up to 0.01%, and addition beyond that was supposed to embrittle the material.
However, the present inventors have found that by reducing both the amounts of C and O and adding a large amount of B, it becomes possible to produce a sheet by ordinary rolling and further improve the punching workability. The prospects for the production of high-silicon high-silicon electrical steel sheets that can be obtained.
[0009]
The present invention is configured based on the above-described findings.
That is, the present invention is characterized by comprising, by weight%, C: 0.003% or less, 0: 0.003% or less, Si: 4-7%, B: 0.01-0.05%, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. is a high-silicon electrical steel sheet you.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The reason for limitation of the high silicon electrical steel sheet composition of the present invention will be described.
Si: 4-7%
Si is an element effective in suppressing magnetostriction, increasing permeability and resistivity, and consequently reducing iron loss. In order to obtain excellent magnetic properties, it is necessary to contain 4% or more. Further, if the content exceeds 7%, the rolling processability and punchability are remarkably deteriorated, so Si is limited to the range of 4 to 7%.
[0011]
B: 0.01 to 0.05%
B is an important element in the present invention, and is effective in improving punchability and rolling workability. B is only a solid solution in iron alloys, so it tends to segregate and concentrate at the grain boundary. When B is added in a large amount of 0.01% or more, most of it becomes a precipitate and exists mainly in the form of Fe 2 B at the grain boundary. become. This segregation to the grain boundary portion of B and the precipitation of the B compound are considered to contribute to the improvement of the punchability and rolling workability of the Fe-Si alloy. The mechanism of the improvement is not clear, but one is that the presence of precipitates prevents the propagation of cracks, or the inclusion of B affects the texture of the Fe-Si alloy, causing the grain boundary to break. It is estimated that it is difficult.
[0012]
If the addition of B is less than 0.01%, the above-described effects cannot be sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.05%, the grain boundaries are embrittled and the magnetic properties are further deteriorated. For this reason, B was made into the range of 0.01 to 0.05%.
C: 0.003% or less, 0: 0.003% or less C and 0 are preferentially bonded to B to form double carbides and oxides containing B, thereby inhibiting the effects of B such as the improvement of punchability and rolling processability described above. Reduce as much as possible. In order to effectively exhibit the effect of B described above, it is necessary to limit to C: 0.003% or less, 0: 0.003% or less, which is significantly lower than the conventional level (C: 0.01%, O: 0.01%).
[0013]
Below, the manufacturing method suitable for manufacture of the high silicon electrical steel sheet of this invention is demonstrated. In producing the high silicon steel sheet of the present invention, selection of raw materials and their melting are important. If the C content is 0.003% or less and the O content is 0.003% or less, the main raw material Fe does not require any special purification treatment when dissolved. However, in the case of a material in which the C content exceeds 0.003% and the O content exceeds 0.003%, a purification treatment such as vacuum melting is required. In addition, ferroboron is usually used as the B source, but it is important to use a material in which the content of impurities that obstruct the removal of C and O (for example, TiC, B 2 O 3, etc.) is reduced as much as possible. .
[0014]
For casting after melting, a normal method using a ceramic mold can be used. Although it is not necessary to heat the mold, measures such as placing a heat insulating material on the upper part of the mold are desirable in order to prevent rapid cooling.
The cast material is hot-rolled and processed to a predetermined size, preferably 2 to 4 mm. As the hot rolling conditions, it is preferable that the heating temperature is 1100 to 1150 ° C and the material temperature is 1000 to 1100 ° C. No special cooling after rolling, for example controlled cooling, is required. Subsequently, it is processed into a thin plate of 0.2 to 1.0 mm preferably at a temperature of 200 to 400 ° C. Next, as a final annealing, heat treatment is performed at 900 to 1300 ° C. in a reducing or non-oxidizing atmosphere for 1 minute to 3 hours to obtain a product.
[0015]
【Example】
1 kg of an alloy having the composition shown in Table 1 was melted by high frequency melting in a vacuum. The degree of vacuum during melting was 1 × 10 −5 to 3 × 10 −5 Torr. The melting material is 99.5% pure electrolytic iron (O: 0.007wt%, C: 0.001wt%), 99.999% pure Si, 99% pure Fe-20wt% B alloy, and after melting the electrolytic iron, Si Then, an Fe-B alloy was introduced. In order to adjust the amount of C, an Fe-5.2 wt% C alloy having a purity of 99.5% was introduced at the same time as the Fe-B alloy. Further, in order to adjust the amount of O, the degree of vacuum and the melting time were changed. In addition, as impurities of the produced alloy, Mn was 0.002%, P was 0.002%, and S was 0.001%.
[0016]
The molten metal was poured into an alumina mold (inner diameter 80 mmφ) in a vacuum and allowed to cool naturally to form a slab.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004224865
[0018]
The slab cut to a thickness of 15 mm was heated to 1100 ° C. in Ar gas, and a hot-rolled sheet having a thickness of 3 mm was obtained by three-pass hot rolling. Subsequently, the hot-rolled sheet maintained at a sheet temperature of 300 ° C. was formed into a thin sheet having a thickness of 0.35 mm by 6 passes. These thin plates were subjected to finish annealing at 1200 ° C. for 1 hour in an Ar atmosphere to obtain product plates. The magnetic properties and punchability of these product plates were investigated.
The magnetic characteristics were obtained by taking a measurement sample having a length of 150 mm and a width of 20 mm from the product plate in the rolling direction, and obtaining the iron loss W 10/50 at a frequency of 50 Hz and a magnetic flux density of 1 T by the single plate method. On the other hand, in the punching test, a ring specimen having an outer diameter of 45 mm and an inner diameter of 33 mm was punched with a ring sample punch tester at room temperature, and the end face after punching was observed with a stereomicroscope to check for cracks.
[0019]
The results are shown in Table 1.
Product plates No.3 to No.6, No.9, No.10, No.14, No.15 within the scope of the present invention have excellent punchability without cracking when punched, and good magnetic properties. It has characteristics.
Even within the scope of the present invention, the iron loss tends to increase slightly as the B content increases.
On the other hand, product plates No. 1 and No. 2 where B is less than the range of the present invention are cracked during punching, and product plates No. 7 and No. 8 where B exceeds the range of the present invention have increased iron loss. However, the magnetic properties have deteriorated. In addition, the product plate No. 8 is cracked during punching. Further, in product plates No. 16 and No. 17 where C exceeds the scope of the present invention, the advantageous effect of B disappears, iron loss increases, and punching cracks occur.
[0020]
Thus, the high silicon electrical steel sheet whose composition is adjusted within the scope of the present invention is a high silicon electrical steel sheet that can be rolled and punched, has excellent magnetic properties, and has excellent punchability.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the punching workability of a high-silicon electrical steel sheet having excellent magnetic properties can be greatly improved, and mass production is possible and application expansion can be expected.

Claims (1)

重量%で、
C:0.003 %以下、
0:0.003 %以下、
Si:4 〜7 %、
B:0.01〜0.05%
を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなることを特徴とする高珪素電磁鋼板。
% By weight
C: 0.003% or less,
0: 0.003% or less,
Si: 4-7%,
B: 0.01 to 0.05%
Wherein the high silicon electrical steel sheet you and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
JP05938997A 1997-03-13 1997-03-13 High silicon electrical steel sheet Expired - Fee Related JP4224865B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Publication Number Publication Date
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JP4224865B2 true JP4224865B2 (en) 2009-02-18

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