JP4190720B2 - Multi-component alloy - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は一種のハイエントロピー多元合金に係り、特に、５種類から１１種類の主要金属元素を含有するハイエントロピー多元合金に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
伝統的な合金システムは、主要な構成元素、例えば鉄、銅、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、チタン、ジルコニウム、クロム、鉛、亜鉛、金、銀により分類される。周知の合金は、いずれも単一元素を主要合金元素としており、その他は副合金元素とされる。近年、急速凝固合金、機械合金、金属基複合材料が発展しているが、しかしその合金設計及び合金選択の理念は、いまだ一種類の元素を主要なものとする観念から脱していない。言い換えると、これまでの実験合金或いは商用合金のいずれもがある元素を単一主要元素とする合金の範疇から離脱していなかった。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述の伝統的な合金設計理念は明らかに合金成分の自由度を制限し、このため、新たな結晶構造及びそのマイクロ構造及び新たな性能の発展を制限する。本発明は新たな設計観念及びその合金範囲を提供して伝統的な制限を突破することを課題としている。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１の発明は、構造体に使用される多元合金において、
該多元合金は５種類から１１種類の主要金属元素を含有し、これら主要金属元素は、チタン、バナジウム、鉄、ニッケルを含有すると共に、銅、アルミニウム、モリブデン、ジルコニウム、コバルト、クロム、パラジウムからなるグループから選ばれた一種以上の元素で構成され、且つ各一種類の主要金属元素のモル数が合金総モル数の５％から３０％とされたことを特徴とする、多元合金としている。
請求項２の発明は、前記多元合金がさらいホウ素を含有し、且つ該ホウ素のモル数が合金総モル数の５％を超過しないことを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の多元合金としている。
【０００５】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は一種のハイエントロピー多元合金を提供する。本発明の合金は、複数種類の元素からなる合金であり、その特徴は、合金が５種類から１１種類の主要金属元素を含有し、各一種類の金属元素のモル数が合金総モル数の５％から３０％とされる。
【０００６】
本発明の合金の含有する主要金属元素は、アルミニウム、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、パラジウム、銀及び金より選択される。
【０００７】
本発明のハイエントロピー多元合金はまた前述の主要金属元素のほかに、副元素を添加可能であり、この副元素は、そのモル数が合金の総モル数の５％を超過しない。副元素は、金属元素或いは非金属元素とされる。金属添加物、例えば金、銀、白金、タングステン、錫、亜鉛及びその他の金属元素とされ、非金属元素は例えば、炭素、ホウ素、ケイ素、リン、硫黄及びその他の非金属元素とされる。
【０００８】
本発明のハイエントロピー多元合金は、任意の一つの元素のモル数が合金モル数の３０％を超過せず、ゆえに単一主要元素がマトリクスを構成する現象を有することがなく、溶融、凝固構造性質上、明らかに伝統的な合金とは異なっている。本発明の合金は原子構成構造上、ハイエントロピー現象を発生し、ゆえに本合金はハイエントロピー多元合金と称される。
【０００９】
本発明のハイエントロピー多元合金は少なくとも、以下の特性を同時に有する。
１．極めて高い硬度： 凝固して固体となった後、異なる元素組成により、その硬度はＨｖ６００からＨｖ９００まで変化し、カーボンスチール及び合金カーボンスチールの完全焼入れ硬化後の硬度に相当するか或いはそれより高い。
２．極めて高い耐熱性： １０００℃で１２時間熱処理した後に炉中で冷却すると、熱軟化現象を発生しない。
３．極めて高い耐蝕性： 高濃度の硫酸、塩酸、硝酸に浸漬しても、ほぼ腐蝕現象を発生しない。
【００１０】
【実施例】
本発明のハイエントロピー多元合金は、電気抵抗式加熱法、感応加熱法、真空アーク溶融法、急速凝固法、機械合金法及び粉末合金法によりキャスティング或いは合成で製造され、これらの加熱方法と技術はいずれも本発明の属する分野の技術に関係する者であれば熟知していることであるので、一つずつの説明は省略するが、ここではただ電気アームキャスティングについて説明する。キャスティングにおいては、まず、選択した金属元素材料を、その融点により上から下に溶炉の水冷銅型中に入れ、さらに、溶炉の上蓋を閉じ、先に抽気し真空とし、その後、純アルゴンガスを充填し、こうして重複した抽気及び充気操作を行った後に、溶融開始する。電気アークをオンとして、金属材料を完全に溶融させ、それが銅型中で凝固した後に、裏返しにしてさらにアーク溶融を行い、全ての合金元素を溶融させ並びに均一に混合するまでこれを数回繰り返す。さらにそれを冷却して合金タブレット或いは目的物を得て、取り出して使用する。
【００１１】
本発明のハイエントロピー多元合金は複数種の金属元素をキャスティングするか或いは合成してなる合金である。該合金は少なくとも５種類以上の主要金属元素を含有し、各一種類の金属元素のモル数が合金総モル数の５％から３０％とされる。好ましくは、該合金の含有する主要金属元素は、アルミニウム、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、パラジウム、銀及び金より選択される。
【００１２】
本発明のハイエントロピー多元合金はまた前述の主要金属元素のほかに、副元素を添加可能であり、この副元素は、そのモル数が合金の総モル数の５％を超過しない。副元素は、金属元素或いは非金属元素とされる。
【００１３】
実施例１：
銅、チタン、バナジウム、鉄、ニッケル及びジルコニウムの６種類の元素を同じモル数ずつ使用し、その総重量が約１００ｇとなるようにする。各組成元素をその融点により上から下に溶炉の水冷銅型中に入れ、さらに、溶炉の上蓋を閉じ、先に５分間抽気して０．０１大気圧とした後に、純アルゴンガスを、約０．２大気圧となるまで充填し、さらにもう一度、抽気及び充気操作を重複して行った後に、溶融を開始する。溶融電流は５００アンペアとし、毎回溶融と凝固完成後に、銅型中の合金を裏返して電気アーク溶融を行い、これを全ての合金元素がすべて溶融し並びに均一に混合したと確定するまで続け、冷却後、外形が完全な円盤状とされた直径約５ｃｍの合金タブレットを得る。これは以下の表１の合金番号１に示されるとおりである。このほか、さらに一部の合金タブレットを１０００℃空気炉中に置いて１２時間熱処理し、その後、炉中で冷却して熱処理状態を得て、並びにその性質を測定する。
【００１４】
実施例２から２０：
実施例１の製造ステップを重複して行うが、しかし組成元素はそれぞれ表１中の合金番号２〜２０に示されるとおりとする。
【表１】
表１中の合金番号１から２０について、それぞれキャスト状態と熱処理状態の硬度値を示した。これから合金硬度が元素個数及び種類により明らかに違いがあることが分かる。一般的には、元素個数が多いほど、硬度が高くなる。ホウ素を加えることで硬度を高めることができる。熱処理により少数の合金の硬度が僅かに下がったが、その他の合金は硬度が下がらないか或いは反対に上昇した。表１中、硬度値の変化範囲はＨｖ５９０〜Ｈｖ８９０であり、もし、カーボンスチール及び合金カーボンスチール硬度を比較すると、この硬度範囲は０．３５％から１．０％の炭素含有量のカーボンスチール及び合金カーボンスチールの完全焼入れ硬化後の硬度範囲に相当する。さらに石英の硬度は約Ｈｖ７００であり、これもまたこの硬度範囲にあり、これから本発明の多元合金が極めて高い硬度を有することが分かる。特に進んだものでは、カーボンスチール或いは合金スチールは高温で軟化現象を呈し、ゆえに合金工具スチールは一般に５５０℃を越える温度では使用できず、使用した場合は急速に軟化し、変形断裂する。本発明のハイエントロピー多元合金は１０００℃でも軟化せず、ゆえに極めて優れた耐熱性を有している。
耐酸性試験
本発明の多元合金を裁断し、約２グラムの粒塊を切り取り、それぞれ５００ｍｌの濃度が１及び０．０１Ｍの塩酸、硫酸、及び硝酸水溶液中にそれぞれ２４時間浸漬させ、多元合金サンプルと異なる酸液の反応程度と重量損失を観察し、異なる成分の各種の常用酸液に対する抵抗能力を比較した。その結果は表２のとおりである。
【表２】
【００１５】
実施例２１乃至２４
実施例１の製造ステップを重複して行うが、但し組成元素及び原子モル比組成は表３に示す通りとし、得られるタブレットを約２．５ｇ切り取り、アーク溶炉中に入れて再度溶融させ、並びに石墨ハンマを用いて溶融した液体を打撃して厚さ約２００μｍの薄片を得る（その快速冷却速度は１０3 〜１０4 Ｋ／ｓｅｃとされる）、その後その性質を測定する。その硬度値は表４のとおりであり、モル比偏離などの状況にあって、急速凝固法で極めて高い硬度が得られることが分かる。そのうち実施例２２の合金の硬度はＨｖ１０４９にも達した。
【表３】
【発明の効果】
総合すると、本発明のハイエントロピー多元合金は、キャスト状態においてカーボンスチール及び合金カーボンスチール焼入れ完全硬化後の硬度水準より高い硬度を得ることができるだけでなく、長時間の高温（１０００℃）熱処理においても硬度は軟化せず優れた焼き戻し軟化抵抗性を表現し、カーボンスチール及び合金カーボンスチール（５５０℃までしか耐えられない）の及ぶところではない。また本発明のハイエントロピー多元合金は優れた耐蝕性を有し、これもまたカーボンスチール及び合金カーボンスチールの及ぶところではない。伝統的な周知の合金組成でこれらの特性を同時に具えているものはない。本発明のハイエントロピー多元合金はゆえに特殊な用途を有し、例えば熱処理不要の精密キャスティング法による高温或いは低温用のツール、型（ｍｏｌｄ）及びパーツの直接製造の用途を有し、加工コストを下げられると共に、１０００℃までで使用でき焼き戻し軟化の恐れがない。また例えばこのような合金に対して、プラズマ或いは火炎スプレー法によりパーツの表面を塗布して、耐磨、耐熱、耐蝕の用途を提供することができる。ゆえに本発明のハイエントロピー多元合金は新規性、進歩性を有し並びに産業上の利用価値を有し、特許の要件に符合する。なお以上の説明は本発明の望ましい実施例に係るものであって、本発明に基づきなしうる細部の修飾或いは改変は、いずれも本発明の請求範囲に属するものとする。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a kind of high-entropy multi-element alloy, and more particularly to a high-entropy multi-element alloy containing 5 to 11 main metal elements.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Traditional alloy systems are categorized by major constituent elements such as iron, copper, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, chromium, lead, zinc, gold, silver. All known alloys have a single element as a main alloy element, and the others are suballoy elements. In recent years, rapid solidification alloys, mechanical alloys, and metal matrix composites have been developed, but the philosophy of alloy design and alloy selection has not been taken away from the idea of one element as a major element. In other words, neither experimental alloys nor commercial alloys so far have departed from the category of alloys in which an element is a single major element.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The traditional alloy design philosophy described above clearly limits the freedom of alloying components, thus limiting the development of new crystal structures and their microstructures and new performance. The present invention seeks to break through the traditional limitations by providing a new design concept and its alloy range.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention of claim 1 is a multi-component alloy used for a structure,
The multi-component alloy contains 5 to 11 kinds of main metal elements. These main metal elements contain titanium, vanadium, iron and nickel, and are made of copper, aluminum, molybdenum, zirconium, cobalt, chromium and palladium. A multi-component alloy comprising one or more elements selected from a group, wherein the number of moles of each of the main metal elements is 5% to 30% of the total number of moles of the alloy .
The invention according to claim 2 is the multi-element alloy according to claim 1, wherein the multi-element alloy contains sieving boron and the number of moles of boron does not exceed 5% of the total number of moles of the alloy. .
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a kind of high-entropy multicomponent alloy. The alloy of the present invention is an alloy composed of a plurality of kinds of elements, and the feature is that the alloy contains 5 to 11 kinds of main metal elements, and the number of moles of each kind of metal element is the total number of moles of the alloy. 5% to 30%.
[0006]
The main metal element contained in the alloy of the present invention is selected from aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, molybdenum, palladium, silver and gold.
[0007]
The high-entropy multicomponent alloy of the present invention can also contain subelements in addition to the main metal elements described above, and the subelements do not exceed 5% of the total number of moles of the alloy. The subelement is a metallic element or a nonmetallic element. Metal additives such as gold, silver, platinum, tungsten, tin, zinc, and other metal elements, and non-metal elements include, for example, carbon, boron, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and other non-metallic elements.
[0008]
The high-entropy multi-component alloy of the present invention has a molten, solidified structure in which the number of moles of any one element does not exceed 30% of the number of moles of the alloy, and therefore no single main element has the phenomenon of constituting a matrix. It is clearly different from traditional alloys in nature. The alloy of the present invention generates a high entropy phenomenon due to its atomic structure, and therefore the alloy is called a high entropy multi-element alloy.
[0009]
The high-entropy multicomponent alloy of the present invention has at least the following characteristics.
1. Extremely high hardness: After solidifying into a solid, due to the different elemental composition, its hardness varies from Hv600 to Hv900, corresponding to or higher than the hardness after complete quench hardening of carbon steel and alloy carbon steel.
2. Extremely high heat resistance: When heat-treated at 1000 ° C. for 12 hours and then cooled in a furnace, no thermal softening phenomenon occurs.
3. Extremely high corrosion resistance: Almost no corrosion occurs even when immersed in high-concentration sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid.
[0010]
【Example】
The high-entropy multi-component alloy of the present invention is produced by casting or synthesis by an electric resistance heating method, a sensitive heating method, a vacuum arc melting method, a rapid solidification method, a mechanical alloy method, and a powder alloy method. Any one of those who are related to the technology in the field to which the present invention belongs will be familiar, so that the explanation for each one is omitted, but only the electric arm casting will be explained here. In casting, first, the selected metal element material is put into the water-cooled copper mold of the furnace from the top to the bottom depending on the melting point, and further, the upper lid of the furnace is closed and evacuated and vacuumed first, and then pure argon After filling with gas and thus performing the duplicated bleed and charge operations, melting starts. Turn on the electric arc to completely melt the metal material and after it solidifies in the copper mold, turn it over and perform further arc melting to melt all the alloy elements and mix them several times until they are evenly mixed repeat. Further, it is cooled to obtain an alloy tablet or a desired product, which is taken out and used.
[0011]
The high-entropy multicomponent alloy of the present invention is an alloy formed by casting or synthesizing a plurality of kinds of metal elements. The alloy contains at least five kinds of main metal elements, and the number of moles of each one kind of metal element is set to 5 to 30% of the total number of moles of the alloy. Preferably, the main metal element contained in the alloy is selected from aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, molybdenum, palladium, silver and gold.
[0012]
The high-entropy multicomponent alloy of the present invention can also contain subelements in addition to the main metal elements described above, and the subelements do not exceed 5% of the total number of moles of the alloy. The subelement is a metallic element or a nonmetallic element.
[0013]
Example 1:
Six elements of copper, titanium, vanadium, iron, nickel and zirconium are used in the same number of moles so that the total weight is about 100 g. Each composition element is put into the water-cooled copper mold of the furnace from the top to the bottom according to its melting point, and further, the upper lid of the furnace is closed, and after first extracting for 5 minutes to 0.01 atmospheric pressure, pure argon gas is introduced. Then, filling is performed until the pressure reaches about 0.2 atmospheric pressure, and then, once again, the bleed and charge operations are repeated, and then melting is started. The melting current was 500 amperes, and after completion of melting and solidification each time, the alloy in the copper mold was turned over, and electric arc melting was performed, and this was continued until it was determined that all the alloy elements were all melted and mixed uniformly. Thereafter, an alloy tablet having a diameter of about 5 cm and having a complete outer shape is obtained. This is as shown in Alloy No. 1 in Table 1 below. In addition, some of the alloy tablets are further heat-treated for 12 hours in a 1000 ° C. air furnace, then cooled in the furnace to obtain a heat-treated state, and their properties are measured.
[0014]
Examples 2 to 20:
The manufacturing steps of Example 1 are repeated, but the compositional elements are as shown in Alloy Nos. 2 to 20 in Table 1, respectively.
[Table 1]
For alloy numbers 1 to 20 in Table 1, the hardness values in the cast state and the heat treatment state are shown, respectively. It can be seen from this that the alloy hardness clearly varies depending on the number and type of elements. Generally, the greater the number of elements, the higher the hardness. Hardness can be increased by adding boron. The heat treatment slightly reduced the hardness of a few alloys, while the other alloys did not decrease in hardness or increased on the contrary. In Table 1, the change range of the hardness value is Hv590 to Hv890. If the carbon steel and alloy carbon steel hardness are compared, this hardness range is between 0.35% and 1.0% carbon steel and Corresponds to the hardness range after complete quench hardening of alloy carbon steel. Furthermore, the hardness of quartz is about Hv700, which is also in this hardness range, and it can be seen from this that the multi-element alloy of the present invention has a very high hardness. In particular, carbon steels or alloy steels exhibit a softening phenomenon at high temperatures, so alloy tool steels generally cannot be used at temperatures above 550 ° C., and when used, they soften rapidly and deform and tear. The high-entropy multicomponent alloy of the present invention does not soften even at 1000 ° C. and therefore has extremely excellent heat resistance.
Acid resistance test The multi-component alloy of the present invention was cut, and about 2 grams of agglomerates were cut out and immersed in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and aqueous nitric acid solutions each having a concentration of 500 ml of 1 and 0.01 M, respectively. The reaction degree and weight loss of different acid solutions were observed, and the resistance ability of various components to various common acid solutions was compared. The results are shown in Table 2.
[Table 2]
[0015]
Examples 21 to 24
The production steps of Example 1 are repeated, except that the compositional elements and the atomic molar ratio composition are as shown in Table 3, and about 2.5 g of the resulting tablet is cut out, placed in an arc furnace, and melted again. In addition, the molten liquid is hit using a graphite hammer to obtain a flake having a thickness of about 200 μm (the rapid cooling rate is 10 3 to 10 4 K / sec), and then the property is measured. The hardness values are as shown in Table 4, and it can be seen that extremely high hardness can be obtained by the rapid solidification method under conditions such as molar ratio deviation. Among them, the hardness of the alloy of Example 22 reached Hv1049.
[Table 3]
【The invention's effect】
In summary, the high-entropy multi-component alloy of the present invention can not only obtain a hardness higher than the hardness level after carbon steel and alloy carbon steel hardened completely in the cast state, but also in a long-time high temperature (1000 ° C.) heat treatment. Hardness does not soften, expresses excellent temper softening resistance, and does not reach carbon steel and alloy carbon steel (which can withstand only up to 550 ° C). The high-entropy multicomponent alloy of the present invention also has excellent corrosion resistance, which is not as much as that of carbon steel and alloy carbon steel. None of the traditional, well-known alloy compositions have these properties simultaneously. The high-entropy multi-component alloy of the present invention therefore has special applications, such as direct manufacturing of high-temperature or low-temperature tools, molds and parts by precision casting methods that do not require heat treatment, thus reducing processing costs. In addition, it can be used up to 1000 ° C. and there is no fear of temper softening. Further, for example, the surface of a part can be applied to such an alloy by plasma or flame spraying to provide applications for abrasion resistance, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. Therefore, the high-entropy multicomponent alloy of the present invention has novelty, inventive step and industrial utility value and meets the requirements of patent. It should be noted that the above description relates to preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any modification or alteration in detail that can be made based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
該多元合金は５種類から１１種類の主要金属元素を含有し、これら主要金属元素は、チタン、バナジウム、鉄、ニッケルを含有すると共に、銅、アルミニウム、モリブデン、ジルコニウム、コバルト、クロム、パラジウムからなるグループから選ばれた一種以上の元素で構成され、且つ各一種類の主要金属元素のモル数が合金総モル数の５％から３０％とされたことを特徴とする、多元合金。In multi-component alloys used for structures,
The multi-component alloy contains 5 to 11 kinds of main metal elements. These main metal elements contain titanium, vanadium, iron and nickel, and are made of copper, aluminum, molybdenum, zirconium, cobalt, chromium and palladium. A multi-component alloy composed of one or more elements selected from a group, wherein the number of moles of each of the main metal elements is 5% to 30% of the total number of moles of the alloy.
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