JP4092064B2 - Lithium secondary battery - Google Patents

Lithium secondary battery Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4092064B2
JP4092064B2 JP2000289767A JP2000289767A JP4092064B2 JP 4092064 B2 JP4092064 B2 JP 4092064B2 JP 2000289767 A JP2000289767 A JP 2000289767A JP 2000289767 A JP2000289767 A JP 2000289767A JP 4092064 B2 JP4092064 B2 JP 4092064B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
lithium
manganese
nickel
capacity
composite oxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2000289767A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2002100358A (en
Inventor
学 数原
一夫 砂原
貴志 木村
卓也 三原
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Seimi Chemical Co Ltd
AGC Seimi Chemical Ltd
Original Assignee
Seimi Chemical Co Ltd
AGC Seimi Chemical Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Seimi Chemical Co Ltd, AGC Seimi Chemical Ltd filed Critical Seimi Chemical Co Ltd
Priority to JP2000289767A priority Critical patent/JP4092064B2/en
Publication of JP2002100358A publication Critical patent/JP2002100358A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4092064B2 publication Critical patent/JP4092064B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、改良された正極活物質層を備えたリチウム二次電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、機器のポータブル化、コードレス化が進むにつれ、小型、軽量でかつ高エネルギー密度を有する非水電解液二次電池に対する期待が高まっている。非水電解液二次電池用の活物質には、LiCoO、LiNiO、LiMn、LiMnOなどのリチウムと遷移金属の複合酸化物が知られている。
【0003】
その中で特に最近では、安全性が高くかつ安価な材料として、リチウムとマンガンの複合酸化物の研究が盛んに行なわれており、これらを正極活物質に用いて、リチウムを吸蔵、放出することができる炭素材料等の負極活物質とを組み合わせることによる、高電圧、高エネルギー密度の非水電解液二次電池の開発が進められている。
【0004】
一般に、非水電解液二次電池に用いられる正極活物質は、主活物質であるリチウムにコバルト、ニッケル、マンガンをはじめとする遷移金属を固溶させた複合酸化物からなる。その用いられる遷移金属の種類によって、電気容量、可逆性、作動電圧、安全性などの電極特性が異なる。例えば、LiCoO、LiNi0.8Co0.2のようにコバルトやニッケルを固溶させたR−3m菱面体岩塩層状複合酸化物を正極活物質に用いた非水電解液二次電池は、それぞれ140〜160mAh/gおよび180〜200mAh/gと比較的高い容量密度を達成できるとともに、2.5〜4.3Vといった高い電圧域では良好な可逆性を示す。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、電池を加温した際に、充電時の正極活物質と電解液溶媒との反応により電池が発熱し易い問題や、原料となるコバルトやニッケルが高価であるので活物質のコストが高くなる問題がある。
【0006】
一方、比較的安価なマンガンを原料とするLiMnからなるスピネル型複合酸化物を活物質に用いた非水電解液二次電池は、充電時の正極活物質と電解液溶媒との反応により電池が比較的発熱しにくいものの、容量が上述のコバルト系およびニッケル系活物質にくらべ100〜120mAh/gと低く、充放電サイクル耐久性が乏しいという課題がある。
【0007】
これらの単独のリチウム−遷移金属複合酸化物を正極活物質として使用する代わりに、斜方晶系のLiMnOと、LiNiO、LiCoOおよびLiMnからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種のリチウム−遷移金属複合酸化物を混合することが特開平9−180718号公報に提案されている。かかる混合物を用いた電池はLiMnOに起因して、充放電サイクル耐久性が不足する問題がある。また、LiMnOはハイレートでの充放電容量が低い問題もある。
【0008】
また、特開平11−3698号公報には、LiMn、LiNiOおよびLiCoOの3種混合物からなるリチウム二次電池が提案されている。かかるLiMn、LiNiOおよびLiCoOの3種混合物を用いた電池はLiNiOおよびLiCoOの使用に起因して、安全性が十分ではない問題がある。
【0009】
本発明は、このような課題を解決するためになされたもので、その目的は、ハイレートでの充放電が可能で、容量が高く、充放電サイクル耐久性に優れた高安全性の非水電解液二次電池用正極材料を用いた高エネルギー密度かつ高電流放電特性の良い非水電解液二次電池を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を主成分とする正極活物質層を備えたリチウム二次電池において、上記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物が、LiNiMn1−y−z(ただし、xは0.9≦x≦1.2、yは0.40≦y≦0.60、zは0.01≦z≦0.18であり、MはFe,Co,Cr,Al原子のいずれかから選択される。)で表されるリチウム−ニッケル−マンガン−M複合酸化物と、Fd3mスピネル構造を有し、LiMn(ただし、pは1≦p≦1.3である。)で表されるリチウム−マンガンスピネル複合酸化物との混合物からなることを特徴としている。
【0011】
本発明において、上記リチウム−ニッケル−マンガン−M複合酸化物はR3−m菱面体構造であることが好ましい。なお、yが0.40未満であると安定なR−3m菱面体構造をとりにくくなるので好ましくない。また、yが0.60を超えると安全性が低下するので好ましくない。yは特に好ましくは0.45〜0.55が採用される。xは容量発現のため、0.9≦x≦1.2が採用される。
【0012】
上記リチウム−ニッケル−マンガンM複合酸化物に対し、さらにFe,Co,Cr,Alのいずれかの原子を加えることにより、充放電サイクル耐久性、安全性、容量等の向上が図れる。M原子の添加量zは好ましくは0.01〜0.18、特に好ましくは0.05〜0.16である。
【0013】
本発明で用いるもう一方の上記リチウム複合酸化物は、Fd3mスピネル構造を有し、LiMn(ただし、pは、1≦p≦1.3である。)で表されるリチウム−マンガンスピネル複合酸化物であるが、このマンガンスピネル中のマンガン元素を、マンガン以外のアルカリ土類金属元素や遷移金属元素をもって2〜10モル%置換することにより、充放電サイクル耐久性を向上させることができる。マンガンスピネル中のマンガンの好ましい置換元素としては、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、鉄、クロムが選択される。
【0014】
本発明において、上記混合物中の上記リチウム−ニッケル−マンガン−M複合酸化物の含有量は30〜70重量%であることが好ましい。上記含有量が30重量%未満であるとリチウム電池の容量が低下したり、充放電サイクル耐久性が低下するので好ましくない。また、上記含有量が70重量%を超えるとハイレートでの放電容量が低下したり、放電平均電圧が低下するので好ましくない。特に好ましい上記含有量は40〜60重量%である。
【0015】
本発明において、上記複合酸化物の混合物粉末は、粉末のみを1t/cmの圧力でプレス充填したときの粉体プレス密度が2.7g/cm以上であることが好ましい。これによれば、混合物をスラリーとなして集電体アルミ箔に塗工・乾燥・プレスした際に体積当たりの容量を高くすることができる。特に好ましい粉体プレス密度は2.9g/cm以上である。2.7g/cm以上の粉体プレス密度は、混合物粉体の粒径分布を適正化することにより達成される。すなわち、粒径分布に幅があり、少粒径の体積分率が20〜50%であり、大粒径の粒径分布を狭くすること等により高密度化が図れる。
【0016】
本発明の混合物を用いると、混合に用いたそれぞれの単独のリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を用いた場合より、ハイレートでの充放電が可能で、容量、安全性のバランスが向上した電池性能が発現できる。また、単独のリチウム遷移金属化合物からなり、かつ、混合に用いた遷移金属元素含量と同じである正極活物質を用いた場合より、容量と安全性並びに充放電サイクル安定性の優れた電池性能を得ることができる。かかる、物理的混合物の方が単独物質より優れる原因は明らかではないが、リチウム−ニッケル−マンガン−M複合酸化物(Ni/Mn=0.6/0.4〜0.4/0.6)が特段に安全性が高く、容量の発現性が比較的良いため、混合により相乗効果が発現したものと考えられる。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いる結晶構造が菱面体のR−3mからなる、LiNiMn1−y−z(リチウム−ニッケル−マンガン−M複合酸化物)の製法としては、例えばマンガン化合物とリチウム化合物とニッケル化合物の混合物を不活性ガス雰囲気下あるいは大気中で固相法500〜1000℃焼成すること、500〜850℃での溶融塩法が挙げられる。
【0018】
また、本発明に用いる結晶構造が菱面体層状岩塩型構造からなる、リチウム−ニッケル−マンガン−M複合酸化物は、例えばニッケル−マンガン−金属元素からなる複合酸化物あるいは複合水酸化物とマンガン化合物とリチウム化合物の混合物を酸素ガス含有雰囲気下で固相法500〜1000℃焼成すること、500〜850℃のリチウム含有溶融塩中にニッケル−マンガン−金属元素M含有化合物を添加する溶融塩法により得ることができる。
【0019】
ニッケル源原料としては、酸化物(NiOなど)、水酸化物(NiOH)、オキシ水酸化物(NiOOH)などが挙げられる。マンガン源原料としては、酸化物(Mn,MnO,MnOなど)、これら酸化物の水和物、オキシ水酸化物などが挙げられる。マンガン源原料としては、3価のマンガンの化合物がより好ましい。これらのマンガン源原料は、単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
【0020】
金属元素(M)源原料としては、単体金属、水酸化物、酸化物、オキシ水酸化物、塩化物、硝酸塩等が使用される。これらの金属元素(M)源原料は、単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
【0021】
本発明の混合物の粉末に、アセチレンブラック、黒鉛、ケッチエンブラック等のカーボン系導電材と結合材を混合することにより正極合剤が形成される。結合材には、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリアミド、カルボキシメチルセルロース、アクリル樹脂等が用いられる。本発明の混合物の粉末と導電材と結合材ならびに結合材の溶媒または分散媒からなるスラリーをアルミニウム箔等の正極集電体に塗工・乾燥およびプレス圧延せしめて正極活物質層を正極集電体上に形成する。
【0022】
本発明のリチウム電池において、電解質溶液の溶媒としては炭酸エステルが好ましい。炭酸エステルは環状、鎖状いずれも使用できる。環状炭酸エステルとしてはプロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート等が例示される。鎖状炭酸エステルとしてはジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート、メチルイソプロピルカーボネート等が例示される。
【0023】
本発明では上記炭酸エステルを単独でまたは2種以上を混合して使用できる。また、他の溶媒と混合して使用してもよい。また、負極活物質の材料によっては、鎖状炭酸エステルと環状炭酸エステルを併用すると、放電特性、サイクル耐久性、充放電効率が改良できる場合がある。また、これらの有機溶媒にフッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(例えばアトケム社カイナー)、フッ化ビニリデン−パーフルオロプロピルビニルエーテル共重合体を添加し、下記の溶質を加えることによりゲルポリマー電解質としてもよい。
【0024】
溶質としては、ClO−、CFSO−、BF−、PF−、AsF−、SbF−、CFCO−、(CFSON−等をアニオンとするリチウム塩のいずれか1種以上を使用することが好ましい。上記の電解質溶液またはポリマー電解質は、リチウム塩からなる電解質を上記溶媒または溶媒含有ポリマーに0.2〜2.0mol/lの濃度で添加するのが好ましい。この範囲を逸脱すると、イオン伝導度が低下し、電解質の電気伝導度が低下する。より好ましくは0.5〜1.5mol/lが選定される。セパレータには多孔質ポリエチレン、多孔質ポリプロピレンフィルムが使用される。
【0025】
本発明における負極活物質は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出可能な材料である。これらの負極活物質を形成する材料は特に限定されないが、例えばリチウム金属、リチウム合金、炭素材料、周期表14、15族の金属を主体とした酸化物、炭素化合物、炭化ケイ素化合物、酸化ケイ素化合物、硫化チタン、炭化ホウ素化合物等が挙げられる。
【0026】
炭素材料としては、様々な熱分解条件で有機物を熱分解したものや人造黒鉛、天然黒鉛、土壌黒鉛、膨張黒鉛、鱗片状黒鉛等を使用できる。また、酸化物としては、酸化スズを主体とする化合物が使用できる。負極集電体としては、銅箔、ニッケル箔等が用いられる。
【0027】
本発明における正極及び負極は、活物質を有機溶媒と混練してスラリとし、該スラリを金属箔集電体に塗布、乾燥、プレスして得ることが好ましい。本発明のリチウム電池の形状には特に制約はない。シート状(いわゆるフイルム状)、折り畳み状、巻回型有底円筒形、ボタン形等が用途に応じて選択される。
【0028】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を具体的な実施例1〜および比較例1〜について説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されない。
【0029】
〈比較例1〉硫酸ニッケルと硫酸マンガン(モル比1:1)混合水溶液に、アンモニア水と水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えて共沈させ、150℃で加熱・乾燥により、ニッケル−マンガン共沈水酸化物(ニッケル:マンガン原子比=1:1)を得た。このニッケル−マンガン共沈水酸化物を550℃で大気中で焼成・粉砕し、ニッケル−マンガン酸化物粉末を得た。このニッケル−マンガン酸化物粉末と炭酸リチウム粉末を混合し、800℃で窒素ガス雰囲気中で焼成・粉砕して平均粒径4μmのLiNi0.5Mn0.5を合成した。この粉末のCuKαによるX線回折分析の結果、R−3m菱面体層状岩塩型構造であることが判った。また、電解二酸化マンガン粉末と炭酸リチウム粉末を乾式混合し、大気中で800℃15時間焼成して粉砕・分級して平均粒径7μmのLi1.05Mn粉末を得た。この粉末のCuKαによるX線回折分析の結果、Fd3mスピネル構造であることが判った。LiNi0.5Mn0.5と、Li1.05Mnとを重量比で50:50の割合で混合し、この混合物粉末を1t/cmの圧力で油圧プレスして体積と重量から粉体プレス密度を求めたところ、2.90g/cmであった。この混合物粉末とアセチレンブラックとポリフッ化ビニリデンとを83/10/7の重量比でN−メチルピロリドン加えつつボールミル混合し、スラリーとした。このスラリーを厚さ20μのアルミニウム箔正極集電体上に塗布し、150℃にて乾燥してN−メチルピロリドンを除去した。しかる後にロールプレス圧延をして正極体を得た。セパレータには厚さ25μの多孔質ポリエチレンを用い、厚さ300μの金属リチウム箔を負極に用い負極集電体にニッケル箔を使用し、電解液には1M LiPF/EC+DEC(1:1)を用いてコインセル2030型をアルゴングローブボックス内で組立た。そして、25℃の温度雰囲気下において、1mAで終止電圧4.3Vで充電し、定電流5mA(放電率1C)にて3.0Vまで放電して高電流放電特性を調べる一方、1mAで終止電圧4.3Vで充電し、定電流1mA(放電率0.2C)にて3.0Vまで放電する充放電サイクル試験を20回行ない、2回充放電後の初期放電容量と20回充放電後の放電容量との比率から容量維持率を求めた。また、電池安全性評価のため、4.3V充電後のセルを解体し、正極を電解液溶媒とともに密閉容器に入れて試料となし、示差走査熱量測定装置を用い、昇温せしめた時の発熱開始温度を求めた。その結果、初期容量は124mAh/g、1C容量/0.2C容量は92%、容量維持率は93%、発熱開始温度は227℃であった。
【0030】
〈比較例2〉リチウム−ニッケル−マンガン複合酸化物のニッケルとマンガンの原子比を0.60:0.40としたLiNi0.6Mn0.4と、Li1.05Mnとを重量比で50:50の割合で混合した他は、上記比較例1と同様に正極体および電池を作製し特性を評価した。その結果、初期容量は130mAh/g、1C容量/0.2C容量は92%、容量維持率は94%、発熱開始温度は221℃であった。
【0031】
〈比較例3〉リチウム−ニッケル−マンガン複合酸化物のニッケルとマンガンの原子比が0.50:0.50であるLiNi0.5Mn0.5と、Li1.05Mnとを重量比で40:60の割合で混合した他は、上記比較例1と同様に正極体および電池を作製し特性を評価した。その結果、初期容量は122mAh/g、1C容量/0.2C容量は93%、容量維持率は94%、発熱開始温度は220℃であった。
【0032】
〈比較例4〉リチウム−ニッケル−マンガン複合酸化物のニッケルとマンガンの原子比を0.55:0.45としたLiNi0.55Mn0.45と、Li1.05Mnとを重量比で30:70の割合で混合した他は、上記比較例1と同様に正極体および電池を作製し特性を評価した。その結果、初期容量は121mAh/g、1C容量/0.2C容量は94%、容量維持率は94%、発熱開始温度は220℃であった。
【0033】
《実施例》上記比較例1の硫酸ニッケルと硫酸マンガン(モル比1:1)混合水溶液に代えて、硫酸ニッケルと硫酸マンガンと硫酸コバルト(モル比9:9:2)混合水溶液を用いた他は、上記比較例1と同様にして正極活物質として平均粒径5μmのLiNi0.45Mn0.45Co0.1を合成した。この粉末のCuKαによるX線回折分析の結果、R−3m菱面体層状岩塩型構造であることが判った。LiNi0.45Mn0.4 Co0.1と、Li1.05Mnとを重量比で50:50の割合で混合し、この混合物粉末を1t/cmの圧力で油圧プレスして体積と重量から粉体プレス密度を求めたところ、2.95g/cmであった。上記比較例1と同様にして正極体および電池を作製し特性を評価した。その結果、初期容量は128mAh/g、1C容量/0.2C容量は93%、容量維持率は95%、発熱開始温度は226℃であった。
【0034】
《実施例》上記比較例1の硫酸ニッケルと硫酸マンガン(モル比1:1)混合水溶液に代えて、硫酸ニッケルと硫酸マンガンと硫酸クロム(モル比9:9:2)混合水溶液を用いた他は、上記比較例1と同様にして正極活物質として平均粒径5μmのLiNi0.45Mn0.45Cr0.1を合成した。この粉末のCuKαによるX線回折分析の結果、R−3m菱面体層状岩塩型構造であることが判った。LiNi0.45Mn0.45Cr0.1と、Li1.05Mnとを重量比で50:50の割合で混合し、この混合物粉末を1t/cmの圧力で油圧プレスして体積と重量から粉体プレス密度を求めたところ、2.92g/cmであった。上記比較例1と同様にして正極体および電池を作製し特性を評価した。その結果、初期容量は126mAh/g、1C容量/0.2C容量は93%、容量維持率は95%、発熱開始温度は230℃であった。
【0035】
《実施例》上記比較例1の硫酸ニッケルと硫酸マンガン(モル比1:1)混合水溶液に代えて、硫酸ニッケルと硫酸マンガンと硫酸鉄(モル比9:9:2)混合水溶液を用いた他は、上記比較例1と同様にして正極活物質として平均粒径5μmのLiNi0.45Mn0.45Fe0.1を合成した。この粉末のCuKαによるX線回折分析の結果、R−3m菱面体層状岩塩型構造であることが判った。LiNi0.45Mn0.45Fe0.1と、Li1.05Mnとを重量比で50:50の割合で混合し、この混合物粉末を1t/cmの圧力で油圧プレスして体積と重量から粉体プレス密度を求めたところ、2.90g/cmであった。上記比較例1と同様にして正極体および電池を作製し特性を評価した。その結果、初期容量は123mAh/g、1C容量/0.2C容量は93%、容量維持率は94%、発熱開始温度は231℃であった。
【0036】
《実施例》上記比較例1の硫酸ニッケルと硫酸マンガン(モル比1:1)混合水溶液に代えて、硫酸ニッケルと硫酸マンガンと硫酸アルミニウム(モル比9:9:2)混合水溶液を用いた他は、上記比較例1と同様にして正極活物質として平均粒径5μmのLiNi0.45Mn0.45Al0.1を合成した。この粉末のCuKαによるX線回折分析の結果、R−3m菱面体層状岩塩型構造であることが判った。LiNi0.45Mn0.45Al0.1と、Li1.05Mnとを重量比で50:50の割合で混合し、この混合物粉末を1t/cmの圧力で油圧プレスして体積と重量から粉体プレス密度を求めたところ、2.87g/cmであった。上記比較例1と同様にして正極体および電池を作製し特性を評価した。その結果、初期容量は124mAh/g、1C容量/0.2C容量は93%、容量維持率は94%、発熱開始温度は233℃であった。
【0037】
〈比較例〉上記比較例1において使用したLiNi0.5Mn0.5を単独で使用した他は、上記比較例1と同様に正極体および電池を作製し特性を評価した。その結果、初期容量は128mAh/g、1C容量/0.2C容量は85%、容量維持率は92%、発熱開始温度は230℃であった。
【0038】
〈比較例〉硫酸ニッケルと硫酸マンガン(モル比0.70:0.30)混合水溶液に、アンモニア水と水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えて共沈させ、150℃で加熱・乾燥により、ニッケル−マンガン共沈水酸化物(ニッケル:マンガン原子比=0.70:0.30)を得た。このニッケル−マンガン共沈水酸化物を550℃で大気中で焼成・粉砕し、ニッケル−マンガン酸化物粉末を得た。このニッケル−マンガン酸化物粉末と水酸化リチウム粉末を混合し、480℃で焼成し、さらに大気中で800℃で焼成・粉砕してLiNi .7Mn0.3を合成した。このLiNi0.7Mn0.3を単独で使用した他は、上記比較例1と同様に正極体および電池を作製し特性を評価した。その結果、初期容量は167mAh/g、1C容量/0.2C容量は86%、容量維持率は91%、発熱開始温度は200℃であった。
【0039】
〈比較例〉上記比較例1において使用したLi1.05Mnを単独で使用した他は、上記比較例1と同様に正極体および電池を作製し特性を評価した。その結果、初期容量は117mAh/g、1C容量/0.2C容量は94%、容量維持率は93%、発熱開始温度は220℃であった。
【0040】
〈比較例〉硫酸ニッケルと硫酸マンガン(モル比0.25:0.75)混合水溶液に、アンモニア水と水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えて共沈させ、150℃で加熱・乾燥により、ニッケル−マンガン共沈水酸化物(ニッケル:マンガン原子比=0.25:0.75)を得た。このニッケル−マンガン共沈水酸化物を550℃で大気中で焼成・粉砕し、ニッケル−マンガン酸化物粉末を得た。このニッケル−マンガン酸化物粉末と水酸化リチウム粉末を混合し、480℃で焼成し、さらに窒素雰囲気中で800℃で焼成・粉砕してLiNi0.25Mn0.75を合成した。このLiNi0.25Mn0.75を単独で使用した他は、上記比較例1と同様に正極体および電池を作製し特性を評価した。その結果、初期容量は119mAh/g、1C容量/0.2C容量は83%、容量維持率は87%、発熱開始温度は230℃であった。
【0041】
参考として、次表に上記実施例1〜および比較例1〜で用いた複合酸化物と評価結果をまとめて示す。
【表1】

Figure 0004092064
【0042】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を主成分とする正極活物質層を備えたリチウム二次電池において、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物に、本発明の複合酸化物の混合物を用いることにより、ハイレートでの充放電が可能で、混合に用いたそれぞれの単独のリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を用いた場合より、容量、安全性のバランスが向上した電池性能が発現できる。
【0043】
また、単独のリチウム遷移金属化合物からなり、かつ、混合に用いた遷移金属元素含量と同じである正極活物質を用いた場合より、容量と安全性並びに充放電サイクル安定性の優れた電池性能を得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery including an improved positive electrode active material layer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, as devices become portable and cordless, expectations for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries that are small, lightweight, and have high energy density are increasing. Known active materials for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries include composite oxides of lithium and transition metals such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , and LiMnO 2 .
[0003]
Recently, research on lithium-manganese composite oxides has been actively conducted as a highly safe and inexpensive material, and these materials are used as positive electrode active materials to occlude and release lithium. Development of a high-voltage, high-energy density non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery by combining with a negative electrode active material such as a carbon material that can be used is underway.
[0004]
In general, a positive electrode active material used for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is made of a composite oxide in which transition metals such as cobalt, nickel, and manganese are dissolved in lithium as a main active material. Depending on the type of transition metal used, electrode characteristics such as electric capacity, reversibility, operating voltage, and safety are different. For example, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using, as a positive electrode active material, an R-3m rhombohedral rock salt layered composite oxide in which cobalt or nickel is dissolved, such as LiCoO 2 or LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 Can achieve relatively high capacity densities of 140 to 160 mAh / g and 180 to 200 mAh / g, respectively, and exhibits good reversibility in a high voltage range of 2.5 to 4.3 V.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the battery is heated, there is a problem that the battery tends to generate heat due to the reaction between the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte solvent during charging, and the cost of the active material increases because the raw material cobalt or nickel is expensive. There's a problem.
[0006]
On the other hand, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a spinel-type composite oxide composed of LiMn 2 O 4 made of relatively inexpensive manganese as an active material is a reaction between a positive electrode active material and an electrolyte solvent during charging. Although the battery is relatively less likely to generate heat, there is a problem that the capacity is as low as 100 to 120 mAh / g compared to the above-described cobalt-based and nickel-based active materials, and charge / discharge cycle durability is poor.
[0007]
Instead of using these single lithium-transition metal composite oxides as the positive electrode active material, at least one selected from the group consisting of orthorhombic LiMnO 2 and LiNiO 2 , LiCoO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-180718 proposes mixing a lithium-transition metal composite oxide. A battery using such a mixture has a problem of insufficient charge / discharge cycle durability due to LiMnO 2 . In addition, LiMnO 2 has a problem of low charge / discharge capacity at a high rate.
[0008]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-3698 proposes a lithium secondary battery made of a mixture of three kinds of LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2 and LiCoO 2 . A battery using such a mixture of three kinds of LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2 and LiCoO 2 has a problem that safety is not sufficient due to the use of LiNiO 2 and LiCoO 2 .
[0009]
The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and its purpose is to enable high-rate charge / discharge, high capacity, high safety non-aqueous electrolysis with excellent charge / discharge cycle durability. It is an object of the present invention to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a positive electrode material for a liquid secondary battery and having a high energy density and a high current discharge characteristic.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode active material layer mainly composed of a lithium transition metal composite oxide, wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide is Li x Ni y Mn 1. -Yz M z O 2 (where x is 0.9 ≦ x ≦ 1.2, y is 0.40 ≦ y ≦ 0.60, z is 0.01 ≦ z ≦ 0.18 , M Is selected from any one of Fe, Co, Cr, and Al atoms.) And a lithium-nickel-manganese-M composite oxide represented by: Fd3m spinel structure, and Li p Mn 2 O 4 (provided that p is 1 ≦ p ≦ 1.3.) It is characterized by comprising a mixture with a lithium-manganese spinel composite oxide.
[0011]
In the present invention, the lithium-nickel-manganese-M composite oxide preferably has an R3-m rhombohedral structure. Note that it is not preferable that y is less than 0.40 because a stable R-3m rhombohedral structure is difficult to be obtained. Further, if y exceeds 0.60, the safety is lowered, which is not preferable. y is particularly preferably 0.45 to 0.55. Since x is a capacity expression, 0.9 ≦ x ≦ 1.2 is adopted.
[0012]
By adding any atom of Fe, Co, Cr, and Al to the lithium-nickel-manganese M composite oxide, the charge / discharge cycle durability, safety, capacity, and the like can be improved. The addition amount z is good Mashiku of M atoms is 0.01 to 0.18, particularly preferably 0.05-0.16.
[0013]
The other lithium composite oxide used in the present invention has an Fd3m spinel structure and is represented by Li p Mn 2 O 4 (where p is 1 ≦ p ≦ 1.3). Although it is a manganese spinel composite oxide, the manganese element in the manganese spinel is replaced with 2 to 10 mol% of an alkaline earth metal element or transition metal element other than manganese, thereby improving the charge / discharge cycle durability. Can do. Magnesium, aluminum, iron, and chromium are selected as preferable substitution elements for manganese in the manganese spinel.
[0014]
In the present invention, the content of the lithium-nickel-manganese-M composite oxide in the mixture is preferably 30 to 70% by weight. When the content is less than 30% by weight, the capacity of the lithium battery is lowered, and the charge / discharge cycle durability is lowered. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 70% by weight, the discharge capacity at a high rate is lowered or the discharge average voltage is lowered, which is not preferable. The particularly preferable content is 40 to 60% by weight.
[0015]
In the present invention, the mixed oxide composite powder preferably has a powder press density of 2.7 g / cm 3 or more when only the powder is press-filled at a pressure of 1 t / cm 2 . According to this, the volume per volume can be increased when the mixture is made into a slurry and coated, dried and pressed on the current collector aluminum foil. A particularly preferable powder press density is 2.9 g / cm 3 or more. A powder press density of 2.7 g / cm 3 or more is achieved by optimizing the particle size distribution of the mixture powder. That is, the particle size distribution is wide, the volume fraction of small particles is 20 to 50%, and the density can be increased by narrowing the particle size distribution of large particles.
[0016]
When the mixture of the present invention is used, charging / discharging at a high rate is possible and battery performance with improved balance of capacity and safety is exhibited compared to the case where each single lithium transition metal composite oxide used for mixing is used. it can. In addition, the battery performance is superior in capacity and safety and charge / discharge cycle stability compared to the case of using a positive electrode active material consisting of a single lithium transition metal compound and having the same content of the transition metal element used for mixing. Obtainable. The reason why the physical mixture is superior to the single substance is not clear, but the lithium-nickel-manganese-M composite oxide (Ni / Mn = 0.6 / 0.4 to 0.4 / 0.6) However, since the safety is particularly high and the capacity is relatively good, it is considered that a synergistic effect is produced by mixing.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Crystal structure consists of rhombohedral the R-3m used in the present invention, Li x Ni y Mn 1- y-z M z O 2 as the preparation of (Li - - nickel manganese -M complex oxide), for example, manganese compound And a mixture of a lithium compound and a nickel compound is fired in an inert gas atmosphere or in the air in a solid phase method of 500 to 1000 ° C. and a molten salt method at 500 to 850 ° C.
[0018]
In addition, the lithium-nickel-manganese-M composite oxide in which the crystal structure used in the present invention is a rhombohedral layered rock salt structure is, for example, a composite oxide or composite hydroxide comprising a nickel-manganese-metal element and a manganese compound. The mixture of lithium and lithium compound is calcined in an oxygen gas-containing atmosphere at a solid phase method of 500 to 1000 ° C., and a molten salt method in which a nickel-manganese-metal element M-containing compound is added to a lithium-containing molten salt at 500 to 850 ° C. Obtainable.
[0019]
Examples of the nickel source material include oxides (NiO, etc.), hydroxides (NiOH), oxyhydroxides (NiOOH), and the like. Examples of the manganese source material include oxides (Mn 2 O 3 , MnO, MnO 2 and the like), hydrates of these oxides, oxyhydroxides, and the like. As the manganese source material, a trivalent manganese compound is more preferable. These manganese source materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0020]
As the metal element (M) source material, a single metal, hydroxide, oxide, oxyhydroxide, chloride, nitrate or the like is used. These metal element (M) source materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0021]
A positive electrode mixture is formed by mixing the powder of the mixture of the present invention with a carbon-based conductive material such as acetylene black, graphite, and Ketchen black and a binder. As the binder, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylic resin, or the like is used. The slurry of the powder of the mixture of the present invention, the conductive material, the binder, and the solvent or dispersion medium of the binder is applied to a positive electrode current collector such as an aluminum foil, dried and press-rolled to form a positive electrode active material layer Form on the body.
[0022]
In the lithium battery of the present invention, a carbonate of the electrolyte solution is preferable. The carbonate ester can be either cyclic or chain. Examples of cyclic carbonates include propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate. Examples of the chain carbonate include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate and the like.
[0023]
In this invention, the said carbonate ester can be used individually or in mixture of 2 or more types. Moreover, you may mix and use with another solvent. Moreover, depending on the material of the negative electrode active material, when a chain carbonate ester and a cyclic carbonate ester are used in combination, discharge characteristics, cycle durability, and charge / discharge efficiency may be improved. Further, a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (for example, Atchem Corp. Kyner) and a vinylidene fluoride-perfluoropropyl vinyl ether copolymer are added to these organic solvents, and the following solute is added to obtain a gel polymer electrolyte. Also good.
[0024]
As solutes, ClO 4 −, CF 3 SO 3 —, BF 4 —, PF 6 —, AsF 6 —, SbF 6 —, CF 3 CO 2 —, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N— and the like are used as anions. It is preferable to use any one or more of lithium salts. In the electrolyte solution or polymer electrolyte, it is preferable to add an electrolyte composed of a lithium salt to the solvent or the solvent-containing polymer at a concentration of 0.2 to 2.0 mol / l. If it deviates from this range, the ionic conductivity is lowered and the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte is lowered. More preferably, 0.5 to 1.5 mol / l is selected. For the separator, porous polyethylene or porous polypropylene film is used.
[0025]
The negative electrode active material in the present invention is a material that can occlude and release lithium ions. Although the material which forms these negative electrode active materials is not specifically limited, For example, a lithium metal, a lithium alloy, a carbon material, the periodic table 14, the oxide mainly composed of the group 15 metal, a carbon compound, a silicon carbide compound, a silicon oxide compound , Titanium sulfide, boron carbide compounds and the like.
[0026]
As the carbon material, those obtained by pyrolyzing organic substances under various pyrolysis conditions, artificial graphite, natural graphite, soil graphite, expanded graphite, scale-like graphite, and the like can be used. As the oxide, a compound mainly composed of tin oxide can be used. As the negative electrode current collector, a copper foil, a nickel foil or the like is used.
[0027]
The positive electrode and the negative electrode in the present invention are preferably obtained by kneading an active material with an organic solvent to form a slurry, and applying the slurry to a metal foil current collector, drying, and pressing. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the shape of the lithium battery of this invention. A sheet shape (so-called film shape), a folded shape, a wound-type bottomed cylindrical shape, a button shape, or the like is selected depending on the application.
[0028]
【Example】
Next, although specific Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-8 are demonstrated for this invention, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0029]
<Comparative example 1> Ammonia water and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution are added to a mixed aqueous solution of nickel sulfate and manganese sulfate (molar ratio 1: 1) and coprecipitated. (Nickel: manganese atomic ratio = 1: 1) was obtained. The nickel-manganese coprecipitated hydroxide was fired and pulverized in the air at 550 ° C. to obtain a nickel-manganese oxide powder. The nickel-manganese oxide powder and the lithium carbonate powder were mixed and fired and pulverized in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at 800 ° C. to synthesize LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 having an average particle diameter of 4 μm. As a result of X-ray diffraction analysis of this powder by CuKα, it was found to be an R-3m rhombohedral layered rock salt structure. Moreover, electrolytic manganese dioxide powder and lithium carbonate powder were dry-mixed, baked in the air at 800 ° C. for 15 hours, pulverized and classified to obtain Li 1.05 Mn 2 O 4 powder having an average particle diameter of 7 μm. As a result of X-ray diffraction analysis of this powder by CuKα, it was found to have an Fd3m spinel structure. LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 and Li 1.05 Mn 2 O 4 were mixed at a weight ratio of 50:50, and the mixture powder was hydraulically pressed at a pressure of 1 t / cm 2 to obtain a volume. And the powder press density was determined from the weight and found to be 2.90 g / cm 3 . This mixture powder, acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride were ball mill mixed while adding N-methylpyrrolidone at a weight ratio of 83/10/7 to form a slurry. This slurry was applied onto a 20 μm thick aluminum foil positive electrode current collector and dried at 150 ° C. to remove N-methylpyrrolidone. Thereafter, roll press rolling was performed to obtain a positive electrode body. The separator is made of 25 μm thick porous polyethylene, 300 μm thick metal lithium foil is used for the negative electrode, the negative electrode current collector is nickel foil, and the electrolyte is 1M LiPF 6 / EC + DEC (1: 1). The coin cell 2030 type was assembled in an argon glove box. Then, in a temperature atmosphere of 25 ° C., the battery is charged with a final voltage of 4.3 V at 1 mA, discharged to 3.0 V at a constant current of 5 mA (discharge rate 1 C), and the high current discharge characteristics are examined. Charge / discharge cycle test of charging at 4.3V and discharging to 3.0V at a constant current of 1mA (discharge rate 0.2C) is performed 20 times, initial discharge capacity after 2 times charge / discharge and after 20 times charge / discharge The capacity retention rate was determined from the ratio with the discharge capacity. In addition, for battery safety evaluation, the 4.3V charged cell was disassembled, the positive electrode was placed in a sealed container together with the electrolyte solvent, and the sample was made. Heat was generated when the temperature was raised using a differential scanning calorimeter. The starting temperature was determined. As a result, the initial capacity was 124 mAh / g, the 1C capacity / 0.2C capacity was 92%, the capacity retention rate was 93%, and the heat generation start temperature was 227 ° C.
[0030]
<Comparative Example 2> LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.4 O 2 and Li 1.05 Mn 2 O 4 in which the atomic ratio of nickel and manganese in the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide is 0.60: 0.40 Were mixed in the ratio of 50:50 by weight, and a positive electrode body and a battery were prepared and the characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 above. As a result, the initial capacity was 130 mAh / g, the 1C capacity / 0.2C capacity was 92%, the capacity retention rate was 94%, and the heat generation start temperature was 221 ° C.
[0031]
<Comparative example 3> LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 in which the atomic ratio of nickel and manganese in the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide is 0.50: 0.50, and Li 1.05 Mn 2 O 4 Were mixed in a ratio of 40:60 by weight, and a positive electrode body and a battery were produced and evaluated for characteristics in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 above. As a result, the initial capacity was 122 mAh / g, the 1C capacity / 0.2C capacity was 93%, the capacity retention rate was 94%, and the heat generation start temperature was 220 ° C.
[0032]
<Comparative Example 4> LiNi 0.55 Mn 0.45 O 2 and Li 1.05 Mn 2 O 4 in which the atomic ratio of nickel and manganese in the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide is 0.55: 0.45 Were mixed in a ratio of 30:70 by weight, and a positive electrode body and a battery were prepared and evaluated for characteristics in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 above. As a result, the initial capacity was 121 mAh / g, the 1C capacity / 0.2C capacity was 94%, the capacity retention rate was 94%, and the heat generation start temperature was 220 ° C.
[0033]
"Example 1" Comparative Example 1 of nickel sulfate and manganese sulfate (molar ratio 1: 1) in place of the mixed aqueous solution, nickel sulfate and manganese sulfate and cobalt sulfate (molar ratio 9: 9: 2) a mixed aqueous solution was used Other than that, LiNi 0.45 Mn 0.45 Co 0.1 O 2 having an average particle diameter of 5 μm was synthesized as a positive electrode active material in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 above. As a result of X-ray diffraction analysis of this powder by CuKα, it was found to be an R-3m rhombohedral layered rock salt structure. LiNi 0.45 Mn 0.4 5 Co 0.1 O 2 and Li 1.05 Mn 2 O 4 were mixed at a weight ratio of 50:50, and this mixture powder was mixed at a pressure of 1 t / cm 2 . When the powder press density was determined from the volume and weight by hydraulic pressing, it was 2.95 g / cm 3 . In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a positive electrode body and a battery were produced and evaluated for characteristics. As a result, the initial capacity was 128 mAh / g, the 1C capacity / 0.2C capacity was 93%, the capacity retention rate was 95%, and the heat generation start temperature was 226 ° C.
[0034]
<< Example 2 >> Instead of the mixed aqueous solution of nickel sulfate and manganese sulfate (molar ratio 1: 1) of Comparative Example 1, a mixed aqueous solution of nickel sulfate, manganese sulfate and chromium sulfate (molar ratio 9: 9: 2) was used. Other than that, LiNi 0.45 Mn 0.45 Cr 0.1 O 2 having an average particle diameter of 5 μm was synthesized as a positive electrode active material in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 above. As a result of X-ray diffraction analysis of this powder by CuKα, it was found to be an R-3m rhombohedral layered rock salt structure. LiNi 0.45 Mn 0.45 Cr 0.1 O 2 and Li 1.05 Mn 2 O 4 are mixed at a weight ratio of 50:50, and the mixture powder is hydraulically pressurized at a pressure of 1 t / cm 2. The powder press density was determined from the volume and weight by pressing and found to be 2.92 g / cm 3 . In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a positive electrode body and a battery were produced and evaluated for characteristics. As a result, the initial capacity was 126 mAh / g, the 1C capacity / 0.2C capacity was 93%, the capacity retention rate was 95%, and the heat generation start temperature was 230 ° C.
[0035]
Example 3 In place of the mixed aqueous solution of nickel sulfate and manganese sulfate (molar ratio 1: 1) in Comparative Example 1, a mixed aqueous solution of nickel sulfate, manganese sulfate and iron sulfate (molar ratio 9: 9: 2) was used. Other than that, LiNi 0.45 Mn 0.45 Fe 0.1 O 2 having an average particle diameter of 5 μm was synthesized as a positive electrode active material in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 above. As a result of X-ray diffraction analysis of this powder by CuKα, it was found to be an R-3m rhombohedral layered rock salt structure. LiNi 0.45 Mn 0.45 Fe 0.1 O 2 and Li 1.05 Mn 2 O 4 are mixed at a weight ratio of 50:50, and the mixture powder is hydraulically pressurized at a pressure of 1 t / cm 2. The powder press density was determined from the volume and weight by pressing and found to be 2.90 g / cm 3 . In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a positive electrode body and a battery were produced and evaluated for characteristics. As a result, the initial capacity was 123 mAh / g, the 1C capacity / 0.2C capacity was 93%, the capacity retention rate was 94%, and the heat generation start temperature was 231 ° C.
[0036]
Example 4 In place of the mixed aqueous solution of nickel sulfate and manganese sulfate (molar ratio 1: 1) of Comparative Example 1, a mixed aqueous solution of nickel sulfate, manganese sulfate and aluminum sulfate (molar ratio 9: 9: 2) was used. Other than that, LiNi 0.45 Mn 0.45 Al 0.1 O 2 having an average particle diameter of 5 μm was synthesized as a positive electrode active material in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 above. As a result of X-ray diffraction analysis of this powder by CuKα, it was found to be an R-3m rhombohedral layered rock salt structure. LiNi 0.45 Mn 0.45 Al 0.1 O 2 and Li 1.05 Mn 2 O 4 are mixed at a weight ratio of 50:50, and the mixture powder is hydraulically pressurized at a pressure of 1 t / cm 2. The powder press density was determined from the volume and weight by pressing and found to be 2.87 g / cm 3 . In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a positive electrode body and a battery were produced and evaluated for characteristics. As a result, the initial capacity was 124 mAh / g, the 1C capacity / 0.2C capacity was 93%, the capacity retention rate was 94%, and the heat generation start temperature was 233 ° C.
[0037]
Other using LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 used in <Comparative Example 5> Comparative Example 1 alone, the characteristics were evaluated to obtain a positive electrode and battery in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. As a result, the initial capacity was 128 mAh / g, the 1C capacity / 0.2C capacity was 85%, the capacity retention rate was 92%, and the heat generation start temperature was 230 ° C.
[0038]
<Comparative Example 6 > Ammonia water and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were added to a mixed aqueous solution of nickel sulfate and manganese sulfate (molar ratio 0.70: 0.30) to cause coprecipitation, followed by heating and drying at 150 ° C to obtain nickel-manganese. A coprecipitated hydroxide (nickel: manganese atomic ratio = 0.70: 0.30) was obtained. The nickel-manganese coprecipitated hydroxide was fired and pulverized in the air at 550 ° C. to obtain a nickel-manganese oxide powder. This nickel-manganese oxide powder and lithium hydroxide powder were mixed and fired at 480 ° C., and further fired and ground at 800 ° C. in the air to obtain LiNi 0 . 7 Mn 0.3 O 2 was synthesized. A positive electrode body and a battery were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that this LiNi 0.7 Mn 0.3 O 2 was used alone, and the characteristics were evaluated. As a result, the initial capacity was 167 mAh / g, the 1C capacity / 0.2C capacity was 86%, the capacity retention rate was 91%, and the heat generation start temperature was 200 ° C.
[0039]
Other using Li 1.05 Mn 2 O 4 used in <Comparative Example 7> Comparative Example 1 alone, the characteristics were evaluated to obtain a positive electrode and battery in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. As a result, the initial capacity was 117 mAh / g, the 1C capacity / 0.2C capacity was 94%, the capacity retention rate was 93%, and the heat generation start temperature was 220 ° C.
[0040]
<Comparative Example 8 > Nickel-manganese sulfate and manganese sulfate (molar ratio 0.25: 0.75) were added to an aqueous solution of ammonia and sodium hydroxide and coprecipitated, and heated and dried at 150 ° C to obtain nickel-manganese. A coprecipitated hydroxide (nickel: manganese atomic ratio = 0.25: 0.75) was obtained. The nickel-manganese coprecipitated hydroxide was fired and pulverized in the air at 550 ° C. to obtain a nickel-manganese oxide powder. This nickel-manganese oxide powder and lithium hydroxide powder were mixed, fired at 480 ° C., and further fired and ground at 800 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere to synthesize LiNi 0.25 Mn 0.75 O 2 . A positive electrode body and a battery were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that this LiNi 0.25 Mn 0.75 O 2 was used alone, and the characteristics were evaluated. As a result, the initial capacity was 119 mAh / g, the 1C capacity / 0.2C capacity was 83%, the capacity retention rate was 87%, and the heat generation starting temperature was 230 ° C.
[0041]
As a reference, the following table summarizes the composite oxides used in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 and the evaluation results.
[Table 1]
Figure 0004092064
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode active material layer mainly composed of the lithium transition metal composite oxide, by using the composite oxide mixture of the present invention for the lithium transition metal composite oxide. Therefore, the battery performance with improved capacity and safety balance can be achieved compared to the case where each single lithium transition metal composite oxide used for mixing can be charged and discharged at a high rate.
[0043]
In addition, the battery performance is superior in capacity and safety and charge / discharge cycle stability compared to the case of using a positive electrode active material consisting of a single lithium transition metal compound and having the same content of the transition metal element used for mixing. Obtainable.

Claims (4)

リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を主成分とする正極活物質層を備えたリチウム二次電池において、
上記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物が、LiNiMn1−y−z(ただし、xは0.9≦x≦1.2、yは0.40≦y≦0.60、zは0.01≦z≦0.18であり、MはFe,Co,Cr,Al原子のいずれかから選択される。)で表されるリチウム−ニッケル−マンガン−M複合酸化物と、Fd3mスピネル構造を有し、LiMn(ただし、pは1≦p≦1.3である。)で表されるリチウム−マンガンスピネル複合酸化物との混合物からなることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。
In a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode active material layer mainly composed of a lithium transition metal composite oxide,
The lithium transition metal composite oxide is Li x Ni y Mn 1-yz M z O 2 (where x is 0.9 ≦ x ≦ 1.2, y is 0.40 ≦ y ≦ 0.60, z is 0.01 ≦ z ≦ 0.18 , and M is selected from any one of Fe, Co, Cr, and Al atoms.) and a lithium-nickel-manganese-M composite oxide represented by Fd3m Lithium having a spinel structure and comprising a mixture with a lithium-manganese spinel composite oxide represented by Li p Mn 2 O 4 (where p is 1 ≦ p ≦ 1.3) Secondary battery.
上記混合物中の上記リチウム−ニッケル−マンガン−M複合酸化物の含有量が30〜70重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のリチウム二次電池。  2. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the content of the lithium-nickel-manganese-M composite oxide in the mixture is 30 to 70% by weight. 上記混合物の粉体プレス密度が2.7g/cm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のリチウム二次電池。The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a powder press density of the mixture is 2.7 g / cm 3 or more. 上記リチウム−ニッケル−マンガン−M複合酸化物がR−3m菱面体構造であることを特徴とする請求項1,2または3に記載のリチウム二次電池。  The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium-nickel-manganese-M composite oxide has an R-3m rhombohedral structure.
JP2000289767A 2000-09-25 2000-09-25 Lithium secondary battery Expired - Fee Related JP4092064B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000289767A JP4092064B2 (en) 2000-09-25 2000-09-25 Lithium secondary battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000289767A JP4092064B2 (en) 2000-09-25 2000-09-25 Lithium secondary battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2002100358A JP2002100358A (en) 2002-04-05
JP4092064B2 true JP4092064B2 (en) 2008-05-28

Family

ID=18773105

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2000289767A Expired - Fee Related JP4092064B2 (en) 2000-09-25 2000-09-25 Lithium secondary battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4092064B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4183374B2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2008-11-19 三洋電機株式会社 Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
JP4080337B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2008-04-23 松下電器産業株式会社 Positive electrode active material and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the same
JP4510331B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2010-07-21 パナソニック株式会社 Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
JP3827545B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2006-09-27 松下電器産業株式会社 Positive electrode active material, method for producing the same, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
US7393476B2 (en) * 2001-11-22 2008-07-01 Gs Yuasa Corporation Positive electrode active material for lithium secondary cell and lithium secondary cell
WO2003081698A1 (en) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-02 Yuasa Corporation Active substance of positive electrode and nonaqueous electrolyte battery containing the same
JP2003346798A (en) * 2002-05-24 2003-12-05 Nec Corp Secondary battery and battery pack using the same and method of use of secondary battery
US7674556B2 (en) 2002-05-30 2010-03-09 Panasonic Corporation Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method for charging the same
JP4583727B2 (en) * 2002-05-30 2010-11-17 パナソニック株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery charging method
JP4594605B2 (en) * 2002-08-05 2010-12-08 パナソニック株式会社 Positive electrode active material and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the same
US8241790B2 (en) * 2002-08-05 2012-08-14 Panasonic Corporation Positive electrode active material and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing the same
JP4183472B2 (en) * 2002-10-10 2008-11-19 三洋電機株式会社 Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
JP4458232B2 (en) * 2003-09-11 2010-04-28 日本電気株式会社 Positive electrode for lithium ion secondary battery and lithium ion secondary battery
JP5142452B2 (en) * 2003-09-29 2013-02-13 三洋電機株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery charge / discharge control method
JP4554911B2 (en) 2003-11-07 2010-09-29 パナソニック株式会社 Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
JP4534559B2 (en) * 2004-04-07 2010-09-01 新神戸電機株式会社 Lithium secondary battery and positive electrode material for lithium secondary battery
JP2006216305A (en) * 2005-02-02 2006-08-17 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Secondary battery
JP4707430B2 (en) * 2005-03-29 2011-06-22 三洋電機株式会社 Positive electrode and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
JP5016814B2 (en) 2005-12-14 2012-09-05 株式会社日立製作所 Non-aqueous secondary battery
JP5078334B2 (en) * 2005-12-28 2012-11-21 三洋電機株式会社 Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
KR100801637B1 (en) 2006-05-29 2008-02-11 주식회사 엘지화학 Cathode Active Material and Lithium Secondary Battery Containing Them
CN102224621B (en) * 2008-11-20 2014-04-02 株式会社Lg化学 Lithium secondary battery having improved characteristics
KR101141056B1 (en) * 2008-11-20 2012-05-03 주식회사 엘지화학 Lithium Secondary Battery with Improved Cell Property
KR101152639B1 (en) * 2008-11-20 2012-06-04 주식회사 엘지화학 Lithium Secondary Battery with Improved Safety
KR101459402B1 (en) * 2009-06-17 2014-11-10 주식회사 엘지화학 Electrolyte Solution for Secondary Battery with Improved Safety and Lithium Secondary Battery Containing the Same
DE102010011413A1 (en) * 2010-03-15 2011-09-15 Li-Tec Battery Gmbh Cathodic electrode and electrochemical cell for dynamic applications
CN103650218A (en) * 2011-07-13 2014-03-19 株式会社杰士汤浅国际 Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
KR101414955B1 (en) 2011-09-26 2014-07-07 주식회사 엘지화학 positive-electrode active material with improved safety and Lithium secondary battery including them
JP2014060143A (en) 2012-08-22 2014-04-03 Sony Corp Positive electrode active material, positive electrode and battery, and battery pack, electronic device, electrically-powered vehicle, power storage device and electric power system
CN105144437B (en) 2013-03-15 2017-05-31 日产自动车株式会社 Positive electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and use its rechargeable nonaqueous electrolytic battery
WO2014142283A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 日産自動車株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery cathode, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using same
CN110265627B (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-09-29 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Positive electrode plate and lithium ion secondary battery
CN114583156B (en) * 2022-01-26 2023-03-03 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 Method for preparing carbon-coated lithium manganese iron phosphate material by electrolyzing manganese slag

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3064655B2 (en) * 1992-02-07 2000-07-12 松下電器産業株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method for producing positive electrode active material thereof
JP3120789B2 (en) * 1998-08-27 2000-12-25 日本電気株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2002100358A (en) 2002-04-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP4092064B2 (en) Lithium secondary battery
JP4109847B2 (en) Lithium-containing transition metal composite oxide and method for producing the same
JP4943145B2 (en) Positive electrode active material powder for lithium secondary battery
JP4318313B2 (en) Positive electrode active material powder for lithium secondary battery
JP4280012B2 (en) Lithium transition metal composite oxide
US7384706B2 (en) Lithium-nickel-cobalt-maganese containing composite oxide, material for positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, and methods for producing these
JP2002145623A (en) Lithium-containing transition metal multiple oxide and manufacturing method thereof
JP4276442B2 (en) Positive electrode active material powder for lithium secondary battery
JP3974420B2 (en) Method for producing positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery
JPWO2004082046A1 (en) Positive electrode active material powder for lithium secondary battery
JP2000223122A (en) Positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery and its manufacture, positive electrode for lithium secondary battery using the positive electrode active material and its manufacture, and lithium secondary battery using the positive electrode and its manufacture
JP4318002B2 (en) Method for producing positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
JP2002100356A (en) Lithium secondary battery
JP4268613B2 (en) Method for producing positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery
JPH11135119A (en) Active material and positive plate for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
JP4519220B2 (en) Lithium secondary battery
JP4082855B2 (en) Lithium secondary battery
JP4777543B2 (en) Method for producing lithium cobalt composite oxide
JP4318270B2 (en) Method for manufacturing lithium secondary battery
JP3974396B2 (en) Method for producing positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery
JP2004281163A (en) Baked container for positive active material powder, positive active material powder, and lithium ion secondary battery
JP4199506B2 (en) Method for producing positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery
JP4209646B2 (en) Method for producing lithium cobalt composite oxide for positive electrode of secondary battery
JPH11121002A (en) Nonaqueous solvent secondary battery

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20050106

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20070907

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20070919

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20071119

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20080206

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20080303

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110307

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120307

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130307

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140307

Year of fee payment: 6

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees