JP4078722B2 - Excavator for tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an excavation device for a tunnel excavator that is used when excavating a curved tunnel in a tunnel excavator (TBM, rock-compatible shield, etc.) for excavating hard rock.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, various types of tunnel excavators for excavating hard rock have been proposed.
[0003]
FIG. 5 shows an example of a tunnel excavator for rock excavation called an open type. A disc-shaped cutter head 3 that is rotationally driven by a drive motor 2 is provided on the front side of the drive unit 1. The front surface of the cutter head 3 is rotatably provided with a number of front roller cutters 4 made of super hard metal, and the outer periphery of the cutter head 3 has a plurality of outer peripheral rollers having the same configuration. A cutter 5 is provided.
[0004]
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the drive unit 1 includes front gripper shoes 7 </ b> A, 7 </ b> B that can protrude outwardly from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head 3 by a front jack 6 on the upper side and the lower left and right sides. 7C is provided.
[0005]
Further, a main beam 8 projects from the rear of the drive unit 1, and a slide block 9 is provided on the main beam 8 so as to be slidable in the front-rear direction, as shown in FIGS. Rear gripper shoes 11 </ b> A and 11 </ b> B are provided on the left and right side portions of the slide block 9 so as to protrude left and right by a rear jack 10 so as to protrude outward from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head 3.
[0006]
Further, the drive unit 1 and the slide block 9 are connected by an excavation jack 12. In the figure, 13 is a belt conveyor for carrying out the excavated material.
[0007]
The tunnel excavator shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 fixes the slide block 9 by projecting the rear gripper shoes 11A, 11B outwardly by the rear jack 10 and pressing them against the inner wall of the tunnel that has been excavated. When the excavation jack 12 is extended while the cutter head 3 is driven to rotate, the drive unit 1, the main beam 8 and the cutter head 3 move forward while taking a reaction force on the slide block 9, and the front roller of the cutter head 3 is moved forward. When the cutter 4 and the outer peripheral roller cutter 5 are pressed against the bedrock and rotated, the bedrock is crushed, and the excavated excavated material is carried out backward by the belt conveyor 13.
[0008]
When a predetermined stroke is excavated by the extension of the excavating jack 12, the front jacker shoes 7A, 7B, 7C are projected by the front jack 6 and pressed against the inner wall of the excavated tunnel, thereby fixing the driving unit 1; The rear jack 10 is reduced to release the fixing of the rear gripper shoes 11A and 11B, and then the digging jack 12 is reduced to draw the slide block 9 toward the drive unit 1 and again the rear gripper shoes 11A and 11B. The above procedure is repeated, and excavation is performed in the shape of a scale insect.
[0009]
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an example of a tunnel excavator for excavating a rock called a shield type, and a disc-shaped cutter head 3 that is rotationally driven by a drive motor 2 is provided on the front side of the drive unit 1. The front surface of the cutter head 3 is provided with a number of front roller cutters 4 made of a hard metal, and the outer peripheral roller cutter 5 having the same configuration is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head 3. Is provided.
[0010]
At the rear outer periphery of the cutter head 3, a front cylinder 14 which is a skin plate fixed to the drive unit 1 so as to surround the outer periphery of the drive unit 1, and a middle cylinder 15 fitted to the rear part of the front cylinder 14; A rear cylinder 16 fitted to the rear part of the middle cylinder 15 is provided. The front cylinder 14 and the middle cylinder 15 are connected to each other by an excavating jack 17, and the middle cylinder 15 and the rear cylinder are connected to each other. 16 is connected by a middle folding jack 18 for controlling the direction. In the figure, reference numeral 13 denotes a belt conveyor.
[0011]
Further, front gripper shoes 20A and 20B are provided outside the drive unit 1 (left and right side portions in FIG. 8) so that the front gripper shoes 20A and 20B can be projected to the outside of the front cylinder 14 through an opening formed in the front cylinder 14 by the front jack 19. Yes.
[0012]
A fixing block 21 is provided on the inner side of the rear cylinder 16, and the fixing block 21 can project outside the rear cylinder 16 through an opening formed in the rear cylinder 16 by a rear jack 22. Side gripper shoes 23A and 23B are provided.
[0013]
8 shows a case where the front cylinder 14, the middle cylinder 15 and the rear cylinder 16 are provided. However, only the front cylinder 14 and the rear cylinder 16 are provided, and the front cylinder 14 and the rear cylinder 16 are provided. Some of them try to break in between. Furthermore, in the case of excavation under adverse conditions that cause collapse of the natural ground and flooding, the segment is assembled inside the rear trunk 16, and the reaction force is applied to the segment for excavation. is there.
[0014]
The tunnel excavator shown in FIG. 8 fixes the rear trunk 16 and the fixed block 21 by projecting the rear gripper shoes 23A and 23B outward by the rear jack 22 and pressing them against the tunnel inner wall that has been excavated. When the expansion and contraction of the folding jack 18 is fixed, the rotation of the cutter head 3 is driven by the drive motor 2 and the digging jack 17 is extended, so that the front cylinder 14 and the drive unit 1 move forward while taking a reaction force on the middle cylinder 15. The rock is crushed by the front roller cutter 4 and the outer peripheral roller cutter 5 of the rotating cutter head 3, and the excavated excavated material is carried out rearward by the belt conveyor 13.
[0015]
When the excavation jack 17 is excavated for a predetermined stroke, the front gripper shoes 20A and 20B are projected by the front jack 19 and pressed against the inner wall of the excavated tunnel, thereby fixing the drive unit 1 and the front trunk 14. The rear jack 22 is reduced to release the fixing of the rear gripper shoes 23A and 23B, and the digging jack 17 is reduced to draw the middle cylinder 15, the rear cylinder 16 and the fixed block 21 toward the drive unit 1, and again to the rear. The side gripper shoes 23A and 23B are fixed, and the above operation is repeated to dig into the shape of a worm.
[0016]
According to the open-type tunnel excavator shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 and the shield-type tunnel excavator shown in FIG. 8, a straight tunnel can be formed by linearly excavating a hard rock mass. . The same applies to the rock support shield machine that performs only segment promotion.
[0017]
On the other hand, in the tunnel excavator as described above, there is a case where excavation of a curved tunnel, that is, so-called curved excavation is required.
[0018]
In order to perform curved excavation with the open type tunnel excavator shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the direction of the drive unit 1 and the cutter head 3 is changed by changing the amount of extension of the left and right rear gripper shoes 11A and 11B. In order to perform curved excavation with the shield-type tunnel excavator shown in FIG. 8, the bent jack 18 is adjusted so that the rear barrel 16 is By changing the direction of the cylinder 15, the front cylinder 14, the driving unit 1, and the cutter head 3, it is performed by digging in the direction in which the cutter head 3 is directed.
[0019]
However, as described above, even if the directions of the drive unit 1 and the cutter head 3 are to be changed rearward, as shown in the example of the shield type tunnel excavator in FIG. 14. If the outer periphery of the inner cylinder 15 (the cutter head 3 and the drive unit 1 in FIG. 5) has no margin, it cannot be tilted. For this reason, in order to perform curve excavation, it is necessary to perform extra excavation for giving a margin to the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head 3.
[0020]
Conventionally, the following methods have been proposed when performing extra excavation for curved excavation in the shield excavator for excavating a hard rock as described above, the shield corresponding to a rock mass, and the like.
[0021]
As a first conventional excavation method, a part of the outer peripheral roller cutter 5 provided on the outermost periphery of the cutter head 3 is provided so as to be movable in the radial direction, and the outer peripheral roller cutter 5 made movable. Overhang outward with a jack.
[0022]
As a second conventional excavation method, excavation is performed with a cutter head 3 having a large diameter required in advance for curved excavation.
[0023]
As a third conventional excavation method, the outermost peripheral roller cutter 5 is replaced with a large-diameter roller cutter.
[0024]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-described conventional excavation method for a tunnel excavator has the following problems.
[0025]
In the first conventional excavation method, even if the outer peripheral roller cutter 5 is simply extended outward with a jack, if the rock is hard, the outer roller cutter 5 can hardly be extended. Curved excavation is not possible at all.
[0026]
In the second conventional excavation method, since the excavation is performed using the cutter head 3 having a larger diameter necessary for curved excavation, an extra large tunnel is formed even during the straight excavation, and the amount of excavation increases. For this reason, there is a problem that the excavation work period is extended and the amount of soil is increased. Furthermore, when a large tunnel is excavated, the tunnel excavator falls down by that amount, and there is a problem that posture control in the vertical direction during straight excavation becomes difficult.
[0027]
In the third conventional excavation method, in order to replace the outermost peripheral roller cutter 5 with a large-diameter roller cutter, the shield-type excavator is temporarily retracted to secure a working space in front of the cutter head 3. After that, a worker appears in the space, and a recess necessary for mounting a large-diameter roller cutter is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel using a breaker or the like, and then the existing roller cutter is removed to remove the large-diameter roller cutter. Although it is necessary to perform an operation of attaching the roller cutter, the above-described operation takes a long time, and further, there is a problem that the operation of exchanging the roller cutter, which is a heavy object, is difficult and dangerous. Furthermore, there is a problem in that when there is water coming out of the tunnel in order for the worker to get out of the front of the cutter head 3 and work, it is necessary to stop the water. Furthermore, even if an attempt is made to form a large-diameter tunnel at once by the cutter head 3 provided with the large-diameter roller cutter, the cutter head 3 provided with the large-diameter roller cutter cannot be rotated. There is a problem that it is necessary to increase the diameter of the cutter step by step and repeat the above-described operation, which causes a longer time for the excavation operation.
[0028]
The present invention has been made to solve such a conventional problem, and provides a surplus excavation device for a tunnel excavator that can easily excavate only a necessary amount only when performing curved excavation. It is aimed.
[0029]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides a cutter head provided on the front side of a drive unit so as to excavate rock by rotation, and an extra excavation bit that can be projected to the outside of the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head by an extrusion jack and can be rotated by a rotary drive device. Further, the present invention relates to a surplus excavator for a tunnel excavator, characterized in that the press jack, the rotary drive device, and the surplus excavation bit are arranged in a row in the radial direction of the cutter head .
[0030]
According to the present invention, since the surplus digging bit that rotates at high speed is provided, the surplus digging amount can be arbitrarily adjusted, and the surplus digging can be performed only in a place where curved digging is necessary, which is efficient. In addition, since there is no need for the operator to go out to the front of the cutter bit and perform the work, efficient and highly safe excavation can be performed.
[0031]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0032]
FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment for carrying out the present invention, and shows a case where the present invention is applied to the shield type tunnel excavator shown in FIG. Can be applied.
[0033]
As shown in FIG. 1, a surplus excavator 24 that extends in the radial direction of the cutter head 3 is installed inside the cutter head 3 that is provided on the front side of the drive unit 1 so as to be rotationally driven and excavates the rock.
[0034]
The surplus digging device 24 is connected to the extrusion jack 26 attached to the cutter head 3 with a pin 25, a rotation drive device 27 such as a hydraulic motor or an electric motor connected to the extrusion jack 26, and the rotation drive device 27. A moving block 29 provided at the tip thereof with an excavation bit 28 made of super hard metal that is rotationally driven through a rotating shaft (not shown) provided inside, and the moving block 29 can be moved in the radial direction of the cutter head 3. And a guide member 30 for guiding, while the rotary excavator bit 28 is rotated at a high speed by the rotation driving device 27, the extrusion jack 26 is extended to move the moving block 29 along the guide member 30, and the extra excavation is performed. Excessive digging can be performed by causing the bit 28 to protrude outward from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head 3.
[0035]
The operation of the above embodiment will be described below.
[0036]
When performing straight excavation with a tunnel excavator, as shown in FIG. 1, the extrusion jack 26 was reduced, and the tip of the extra excavation bit 28 was retracted to the same or slightly smaller than the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head 3. In this state, the rotary drive device 27 is stopped.
[0037]
When the cutter head 3 of the tunnel excavator arrives at a place where curve excavation is to be performed, as shown in FIG. 2 in a state where the cutter head 3 is rotated at a lower speed than in normal excavation by the drive motor 2 of FIGS. Further, while rotating the extra bit 28 at a high speed by the rotation drive device 27, the extrusion jack 26 is extended so that the extra bit 28 protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head 3.
[0038]
Then, the extra digging bit 28 is rotated at a high speed, so that even a hard rock can be cut out in the radial direction, and the cutter head 3 is rotated at a predetermined low speed at this time. Thus, it is possible to perform overexcavation according to the overhang amount of the overexcavation bit 28, and thus it is possible to perform curved excavation by changing the excavation direction of the tunnel excavator.
[0039]
As the method of performing the above-mentioned excavation, the method of performing the excavation 31 on the entire circumference of the tunnel as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the method of excavating only the rock in the direction of bending the tunnel can be performed.
[0040]
If a plurality of the above-mentioned excavation devices 24 are provided in the circumferential direction of the cutter head 3, the capability of the excavation device 24 can be enhanced and the excavation speed of the curved excavation can be increased.
[0041]
According to the above aspect, by providing the surplus bit 28 that is rotated at high speed so as to be able to appear on the outer periphery of the cutter head 3, even a hard rock can be surplus with an arbitrary surplus amount, In addition, since it is possible to carry out overexcavation only in places where curved excavation is required, efficient overexcavation can be carried out, and there is no need for workers to work out in front of the cutter head. And safe excavation can be implemented.
[0042]
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the surplus bit that is rotated at a high speed is provided so as to be able to appear in and out of the outer periphery of the cutter head, so that even a hard rock can be surplus with an arbitrary surplus amount and curved Since excavation can be carried out only where it is necessary to excavate, efficient excavation can be carried out, and there is no need for workers to work out the front of the cutter head. It is possible to achieve an excellent effect that it is possible to carry out excavation with high safety.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cut side view showing an example of an excavation device for a tunnel excavator of the present invention.
2 is a cut-away side view showing a state in which a surplus bit of the surplus excavator of FIG. 1 is extended. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a tunnel showing an example of a method for excavating by the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a front view of a tunnel showing another example of the method for overdigging by the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cut side view showing an example of a conventional open type tunnel excavator.
6 is a view taken in the direction of arrows VI-VI in FIG.
7 is a VII-VII direction arrow view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a cut side view showing an example of a conventional shield-type tunnel excavator.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a state where curve excavation is performed by a tunnel excavator.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drive part 3 Cutter head 24 Excavation apparatus 26 Extrusion jack 27 Rotation drive apparatus 28 Excavation bit

Claims (1)

To the cutter head provided on the front side of the drive unit and excavating the rock mass by rotation, an extra digging bit that can protrude outside the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head by an extrusion jack and can be rotated by a rotary drive device , An excavation device for a tunnel excavator, characterized in that the rotary drive device and the excavation bit are arranged in a row in the radial direction of the cutter head .

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