JP3710519B2 - Expansion shield drilling rig - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to expansion shield excavating method and apparatus, existing bets by crushing the lining of tunnel, new suitable expansion shield excavating method to form a large diameter tunnel and in particular having a non-circular cross-section, such as horseshoe-shaped cross-section Relates to the device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in order to expand an existing tunnel and dig a large diameter tunnel, the lining composed of segments and fume pipes is crushed and then a new large diameter tunnel is excavated. A large diameter lining must be applied to the inner wall.
[0003]
In recent years, various devices have been developed that can simultaneously proceed with the two operations of crushing the lining and excavating an enlarged tunnel. For example, what is described in JP-A-6-288175 is a cylindrical body. The tunnel wall surface is reinforced by the segment while proceeding in the ground while rotating. Then, the lining of the existing circular tunnel to be crushed is positioned at the center of the shield body, and the lining is crushed by a roller cutter provided so as to sandwich the lining from the inside and the outside. Further, the crushed waste is transferred backward by a conveyor. By adopting such a configuration, there is an advantage that the crushing of the lining of the existing tunnel and the construction of a new tunnel having an enlarged inner diameter can be simultaneously performed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described conventional one, since two sets of crushing cutters are fixed to the inside and the outside of the existing tunnel, it is necessary to correspond to other than a specific lining having a preset inner diameter and outer diameter. Is difficult. Moreover, when the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel is a non-circular cross section such as a horseshoe diameter, it is difficult to use, and there is a problem that versatility is poor. Furthermore, since the roller cutter is clamped from the inside and outside of the lining as described above, the structure becomes complicated, the shield becomes expensive, and there is no guarantee that the crushing is reliably performed.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the conventional method and apparatus, and firstly provides an expansion shield excavation method and apparatus that can be widely applied regardless of the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the lining to be crushed. It is an issue.
[0006]
It is a second object of the present invention to provide an enlarged shield excavation method and apparatus capable of crushing the lining and reliably excavating an enlarged tunnel. A third object is to provide an inexpensive expansion shield excavation method and apparatus by simplifying the configuration and the process.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The expansion shield excavation method according to the present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
[0008]
<Summary of the first invention> The present invention relates to an expanded shield excavation method for crushing a lining of an existing tunnel and excavating a large-diameter tunnel. The lining is crushed and the face is excavated from the end surface side of the existing tunnel lining, and then the outer excavation cutter base with the outer excavation cutter is directed toward the inner surface of the tunnel to be excavated. This is an enlarged shield excavation method that excavates while pressing.
[0009]
The point is that the lining is crushed and the face is excavated from the end surface side of the existing lining of the tunnel, and then the inner surface of the tunnel is expanded.
[Existing Tunnel] In the present invention, the existing tunnel is not particularly limited in cross-sectional shape. However, according to the present invention, it is preferable to carry out expansion excavation of a non-circular existing tunnel such as a horseshoe shape, a rectangle, or an ellipse. is there. The same applies to the invention described below.
[0010]
[Lining] In the present invention, the lining is a lining portion that reinforces the wall surface of the tunnel. For example, a primary lining made of a combination of a fume pipe or a plurality of arc-shaped members and waterproofing of the tunnel. , Including secondary lining performed for anticorrosion of segments. The same applies to the following inventions.
[0011]
<Summary of the Second Invention> Further, the present invention is an expanded shield excavation method for crushing a lining of an existing tunnel and excavating a large-diameter tunnel, and is provided with a front crushing cutter table provided with a front crushing cutter. While moving forward toward the tunnel, the inner surface of the tunnel to be excavated with the outer excavation cutter table provided with the outer excavation cutter at the same time as crushing the lining and excavating the face from the end surface side of the existing tunnel lining This is an enlarged shield excavation method in which excavation is performed while pressing toward the surface.
[0012]
The point is an expanded shield excavation method in which the lining crushing, face excavation, and diameter expansion excavation are performed simultaneously with the outer peripheral cutting table facing the inner surface of the tunnel.
<Summary of the Third Invention> The present invention relates to a front crushing cutter base that is capable of extending forward and facing an end surface of a lining in an enlarged shield excavating apparatus that crushes a lining of an existing tunnel and excavates a large-diameter tunnel. An outer periphery excavation cutter base that can be extended from the front crushing cutter base toward the inner surface of the tunnel to be excavated, and both the front crushing cutter base and the outer peripheral excavation cutter base are attached to a swivel base, The swivel base is an enlarged shield excavator that is rotatable via a driving means.
[0013]
[ Front Crushing Cutter Table ] In the present invention, the front crushing cutter table is freely rotatable, and a number of cutters are attached to the front end so that the front crushing cutter base can be extended and contracted toward the end surface of the lining. For example, a jack is preferably used to expand and contract the cutter base. There are various types of jacks such as a hydraulic jack, a pneumatic jack, a screw jack, a rack drive jack, etc. Among them, the hydraulic jack is preferable because a large force can be obtained.
[0014]
[Cutter table for outer periphery excavation] In the present invention, the outer periphery excavation cutter table provided with the outer periphery excavation cutter is fixed to the front crushing cutter table , and both can rotate simultaneously. For example, it is preferable to use a jack in order to expand and contract toward the inner surface of the tunnel. Various jacks such as a hydraulic jack, a pneumatic jack, a screw jack, and a rack drive jack can be used as the jack. Among these, the hydraulic jack is preferable because a large force can be obtained.
[0015]
[Cutter] In the present invention, a cutter having the most suitable shape and material can be selected and used according to the soil quality of the ground and the lining material. Among them, a plate type, a teeth type, a roller bit type and the like can be selected, but it is preferable to use a plate type and a teeth type for soft ground, and a rotary roller type for hard rock. Various cutter shapes can be selected. Further, as the material of the cutter, an appropriate material can be selected depending on the condition of natural ground such as high speed steel, super hard material, ceramics, or those coated with boron nitride or diamond.
[0016]
[Driving means] swivel slide is so to drive said front crushing cutter table and an outer peripheral excavating cutter table together, those that are associated with the use front crushing cutter table and an outer peripheral drilling cutter table. The driving means for driving the swivel base in the present invention preferably includes an internal gear attached to the swivel base, and a gear train composed of an external gear meshing with the internal gear is rotated at a reduced speed via the prime mover. . As another gear train, a spur gear is integrally provided on a swivel base, and another spur gear attached to the output shaft of the prime mover can be engaged with the spur gear to be driven to turn. Of these, it is preferable to rotate the swivel using an internal gear because the number of prime movers can be increased or decreased according to the required torque.
[0017]
Furthermore, although an electric motor or a hydraulic motor can be used as the prime mover, a hydraulic motor is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining a powerful output. In addition, since a large thrust load is applied to the swivel base, it is preferable to receive a thrust load by incorporating a swivel base bearing between the gear train and the swivel base.
[0018]
[Action]
<Operation of the First Invention> The front crushing cutter table 6 and the outer excavation cutter table 7 attached to the front crushing cutter table 6 are simultaneously rotated. Next, this portion is excavated while pressing the cutter blocks 20 a and 20 b toward the end face 18 of the lining 17 of the existing tunnel 22 and the face 40.
[0019]
Next, the outer excavation cutter bases 7a and 7b provided with the outer excavation cutter 21 are moved, and these are rotated to excavate the inner surface 32 to be excavated, thereby expanding the tunnel mine. After that, the front tunnel excavation is performed in the same manner, and then the outer excavation is performed to expand the existing tunnel mine.
[0020]
<Operation of the Second Invention> The front crushing cutter table 6 and the peripheral excavation cutter table 7 attached to the front crushing cutter table 6 are simultaneously rotated. Next, the cutter blocks 20a and 20b are excavated while pressing the end faces 18 of the lining 17 of the existing tunnel 22 and the face 40, and at the same time, the outer excavation cutter tables 7a and 7b are moved to move the outer excavation cutter tables. The inner surface 32 to be excavated at 7a and 7b is excavated to enlarge the tunnel mine. Thereafter, the shield main body is moved by a predetermined distance, and then the front tunnel excavation and the outer periphery excavation are performed simultaneously to expand the existing tunnel mine.
[0021]
<Operation of the Third Invention> The third invention is an expansion shield device that performs the operation of the first and second inventions, and has the same operation as the first and second inventions.
[0022]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0023]
[Example 1]
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[Summary of Embodiment] In this embodiment, the front crushing cutter table 6 facing the end surface 18 of the lining 17 of the existing tunnel 22 is extended forward by the hydraulically driven front boom thrust jack 16 of the existing tunnel 22. The outer excavation cutter table 7 can be extended by a hydraulically driven boom thrust jack 30 from the front crushing cutter table 6 toward the inner surface of the tunnel mine. Furthermore, the swivel base 8 that rotationally drives the front crushing cutter table 6 and the outer excavation cutter table 7 provided with the outer excavation cutter 21 is driven by four hydraulic motors 24 attached to the shield body 1. The
[0024]
[Description of Shield Body] The shield body 1 has a bottomless cylindrical shape, and its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the enlarged tunnel pit. Further, the shield body is positioned on the arc-shaped rail base 2 laid on the lower surface, and can be moved forward and backward by the wheels 4 along the rails 3a and 3b provided on the rail base 2. Yes. The main body is moved by a hydraulically driven moving jack 5 provided between the rail base 2 and the main body 1.
[0025]
Further, a plurality of hydraulically driven gripper jacks 12 are arranged on the circumference around the front and rear of the shield body 1, and the gripper jacks 12 are operated during excavation so that the hydraulic pistons 15 of the gripper jacks 12 protrude. The shield body 1 is fixed by pressing the tip surface 14 against the wall surface 13 of the enlarged tunnel. In addition, a screw conveyor 41 is provided in the shield body, and the scrapers 33 and 34 located in the vicinity of the outer peripheral excavation cutter bases 7a and 7b, which will be described later, outside the shield body 1 cause "slipping" generated during excavation. It is raked and dropped on the screw conveyor 41 and discharged. In addition to the screw conveyor, a belt conveyor or the like can be provided.
[0026]
[Description of swivel base] The shield body 1 further includes a swivel base 8, and a front surface 8 a of the swivel base 8 has a small-diameter protruding portion 9 to which a front crushing cutter base 6 is attached. A shaft cylinder 10 having a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the swivel base 8 is arranged on the rear surface 8 b of the swivel base 8, and an internal gear 11 is attached to the shaft cylinder 10.
[0027]
[Explanation of the turntable driving prime mover] The driving prime mover for rotationally driving the turntable 8 is a hydraulic motor 24 having an external gear 23 meshing with the internal gear 11 attached to an output shaft, and the rotation of the hydraulic motor is the same. It is transmitted from the internal gear 11 to the swivel base 8. Therefore, the swivel base 8 is decelerated and rotates. The hydraulic motor 24 is attached to a flange member 25 that extends inside the shield body 1. In this embodiment, the driving prime mover is composed of four hydraulic motors 24.
[0028]
A swivel bearing 26 is attached to the flange member 25 to support the internal gear 25 so as to be rotatable from the thrust direction. Further, the flange member 25 is provided with a housing 28 incorporating a radial bearing 27 for rotatably supporting the cylindrical shaft 10.
[0029]
[Description of Front Crushing Cutter Table ] As is apparent from FIG. 1, the front crushing cutter table is provided with two groups 6a and 6b on the left and right sides as viewed from the front. Each front crushing cutter table 6, as shown in FIG. 4, the front boom thrust jacks 16a of the hydraulic drive of two each of the front crushing cutter block, by 16b, extending toward the end face 18 of the existing tunnel lining 17 It is possible. The front boom thrust jacks 16a and 16b are accommodated in nested slide containers 29a and 29b having a square cross section. Therefore, when the front boom thrust jacks 16a and 16b are extended, the inner container 29a slides and moves on the inner surface of the outer container 29b as the cylinder rod of the boom thrust jack 16 of the front crushing cutter base is projected. . Further, the slide containers 29a and 29b are arranged in parallel with each other as is apparent from FIG. 4, and a slide container 31a having a rectangular cross section for accommodating a boom thrust jack 30 for extending a cutter base 7 for outer periphery excavation described later is provided therebetween. 31b are fixed.
[0030]
Each front crushing cutter table 6a, 6b has a plurality of cutter blocks 20a to 20d each having a plurality of abacus-shaped cutters 19 arranged therein, and each block shares a different excavation area with another block and excavates each other. It is arranged in a state where the mutual positions are shifted as much as possible.
[0031]
The abacus ball-shaped cutter 19 on the outer peripheral side of the cutter block 20a on the left side of the front crushing cutter base 6a located on the left side of FIG. 1 is provided with an angle of about 30 degrees. By attaching this angle, the casing of the cutter block 20a is prevented from coming into contact with the natural ground and causing poor cutting. In the right block 20b, three cutters 3 are arranged at positions orthogonal to the face.
[0032]
The cutter block 20c on the left side and the cutter block 20d on the right side of the front crushing cutter table 6b located on the right side of FIG. Of the three cutters 19 of the cutter block 20c, the excavation locus 21 of the innermost cutter 19a is as shown by a dotted line in the center of FIG. 2, and the inside is a horseshoe shape shown by an imaginary line in FIG. It is inside the existing tunnel 22.
[0033]
[Explanation of the Cutter Base for Outer Excavation] The pair of cutter excavations 7a and 7b for outer excavation are positioned 180 degrees apart from each other on the circumference and 90 degrees relative to the front crushing cutter table 6. It is a configuration. Each outer excavation cutter base 7a, 7b is attached to slide containers 29a, 29b of the front crushing cutter base 6, and two boom thrust jacks extending in the circumferential direction perpendicular to the axis of the slide container It is attached to the tip of 30a, 30b.
[0034]
Further, these boom thrust jacks 30a and 30b are housed in nested slide containers 31a and 31b having a square cross section like the front crushing cutter table 6, and the boom thrust jacks 30a and 30b are operated to be piston rods. 2 extends toward the inner surface 32 of the tunnel mine to be excavated as shown by the arrow in FIG. The structure and operation of the slide container 31 are the same as those of the front crushing cutter table 6. Further, an abacus ball-shaped cutter 19 has an angle of about 30 degrees in front of one of the cutter tables 7b. By attaching this angle, the casing of the cutter table 7b is prevented from coming into contact with the natural ground and causing defective cutting.
[0035]
[Description of Hood Part] The hood 35 has a desired length from the shield body 1 by the action of a piston rod that protrudes when the slide jack 36 provided on the upper inner surface 37 of the shield body 1 and the inner surface 38 of the hood 35 is hydraulically driven. It can be made to protrude by a length L. As a result, excavation can be performed while pressing the face side during excavation to prevent the collapse of the earth and sand.
[0036]
[Operation / Effect of Embodiment 1] When starting excavation, the gripper jack 12 of hydraulic drive is actuated and pressed against the wall 13 of the start-up counter or the excavated enlarged tunnel to fix the shield body 1. Next, the hydraulic motor 24 is driven to rotate the external gear 23. Then, the internal gear meshing with the external gear rotates at a reduced speed, and the front crushing cutter table 6 and the outer peripheral excavation cutter table 7 attached to the front crushing cutter table 6 via the shaft cylinder 10 Rotate at the same time.
[0037]
Next, the hydraulically driven front boom thrust jacks 16a and 16b are driven so that the two sets of cutter blocks 20a and 20b are directed toward the end surface 18 and the face 40 of the lining 17 of the existing horseshoe-shaped tunnel 22 shown in phantom lines in FIG. This portion is excavated into a state as shown by a solid line in FIG. At this time, the cutter blocks 20a and 20b protrude to the position indicated by the imaginary line in FIG. 2, but again, the front boom thrust jacks 16a and 16b are driven,
The cutter blocks 20a and 20b are returned to the state shown in the figure.
[0038]
During front excavation, the cutters 19 incorporated in the four cutter blocks 20a to 20d provided in each front crushing cutter table 6 excavate each excavation area. During excavation, the excavation areas of adjacent cutter blocks are wrapped little by little. The range of the face 40 excavated by the front crushing cutter bases 6a and 6b is a range indicated by R in FIG. The state shown in FIG. 2 shows the stage where frontal excavation is completed. At this time, the hood slide jack 36 is driven to cause the hood 35 to protrude by a distance L as indicated by an imaginary line, thereby preventing rock fall due to the collapse of earth and sand.
[0039]
Next, when the piston is protruded by operating the movable jack 5, the wheel 4 rotates along the rails 3a and 3b on the rail base 2, and the shield body 1 moves to the left in FIG. The outer excavation cutter bases 7a and 7b are moved to positions indicated by imaginary lines. From this state, the boom thrust jacks 30a, 30b are driven to extend the slide containers 31a, 31b, while the hydraulic motor 24 is driven to rotate the outer excavation cutter bases 7a, 7b to excavate the inner surface 32 of the tunnel mine. Enlarge the mine. Thereafter, the front digging is performed in the same manner, and then the outer digging is performed to expand the tunnel mine.
[0040]
According to the present embodiment, since excavation is performed from the lining side of the existing tunnel, extensive excavation is possible regardless of the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the lining to be crushed. Furthermore, since the shield excavator can rotate the front crushing cutter base and the outer peripheral excavation cutter base at the same time and each can be extended independently of each other, the lining crushing and the expansion tunnel excavation are simultaneously excavated. It is possible to reliably expand and excavate a solid rock mass even with a weaker force than in the case of. In addition, if a watering nozzle is attached to the front crushing cutter base 6 and the outer periphery excavating cutter base 7, and excavating while sprinkling on a natural ground, there is a dustproof effect.
[0041]
And since this shield main body is a simple structure, the expansion construction of an existing tunnel can be performed at low cost, and it contributes to the reduction in construction cost.
[0042]
[Example 2]
When the natural ground to be excavated is soft, the front boom thrust jack 16 and the boom thrust jack 30 are simultaneously driven by using the expansion shield excavator used in Example 1 for the expansion excavation of the existing tunnel. By extending the front crushing cutter table 6 and the outer periphery excavating cutter table 7, the tunnel mine is expanded and excavated by the lining 17 and the face end face 18 of the existing tunnel 22 and the front crushing cutter table 6.
[0043]
For this reason, an enlarged tunnel having a circular cross section can be quickly and efficiently formed from the existing tunnel 22 by the shield body 1 having a simple structure and a light weight.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first invention, the front crushing cutter is rotated to excavate the ground, and the front crushing cutter base is advanced toward the existing tunnel while the lining crushing is performed from the end surface side of the existing tunnel lining. Because we do excavation of natural ground,
1) The lining can be crushed regardless of the shape of the existing tunnel.
2) The lining can be crushed reliably.
3) Crushing of the lining and excavation of the face can be performed simultaneously.
Therefore, the construction can be carried out very efficiently.
[0045]
According to the second invention, since the crushing and excavation from the lining side of the existing tunnel and the outer periphery excavation are simultaneously performed, in addition to the effects resulting from the first invention, further efficient expansion shield excavation is realized. To do.
[0046]
According to the third invention, it extends in front of the existing tunnels, a cutter front crushing stage to be drilled from the end face of the inning, and outer peripheral excavating cutter table to drill the inner surface of the tunnel pits provided, cutter table for front crushing Therefore, the structure of the shield excavator is extremely simple and inexpensive as compared with the conventional apparatus.
[0047]
2) Since the structure is simple as described above, the apparatus itself is lightweight and can be constructed with a relatively small driving force, which greatly contributes to a reduction in construction costs.
[0048]
3) The ground crushing cutter base and the peripheral excavation cutter base are operated simultaneously, or the front crushing cutter base is driven first and then the peripheral excavation cutter base is driven. Depending on the situation, the operation of the cutter table can be moved back and forth in time. Further, since excavation is possible from the end face side of the existing tunnel to be excavated, enlargement work can be performed regardless of the cross-sectional shape of the existing tunnel, and an effect of being a versatile device that meets various conditions is produced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of an enlarged excavator of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial cutaway view of FIG. 1, wherein A part is a side view of the front crushing cutter base and the peripheral excavation cutter base part as seen from the direction of arrow A in FIG. The portion is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-O-B in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cut end view taken along the line CC of FIG. 2;
4 is a plan view showing a part of the front crushing cutter table as viewed from above in FIG. 1; FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield body 6 Front crushing cutter base 7 Outer peripheral excavation cutter base 8 Swivel base 11 Internal gear (drive means)
17 Lining of existing tunnel 18 End surface 19 of existing tunnel lining Cutter 21 for front crushing 21 Cutter 22 for excavation of outer circumference Existing tunnel 23 External gear (drive means)
24 Hydraulic motor (drive means)
Inside of 32 tunnel

Claims (3)

In an expanded shield excavation method for crushing a lining (17) of an existing tunnel (22) and excavating a large diameter tunnel, a front crushing cutter table (6) provided with a front crushing cutter (19) is provided. While moving forward toward (22), the lining (17) is crushed and the face is excavated from the end surface (18) side of the lining (17) of the existing tunnel (22). An enlarged shield excavation method comprising excavating a cutter base (7) for outer periphery excavation while pressing it toward an inner surface (32) of a tunnel to be excavated. In an expanded shield excavation method for crushing a lining (17) of an existing tunnel (22) and excavating a large diameter tunnel, a front crushing cutter table (6) provided with a front crushing cutter (19) is provided. While moving forward toward (22), the lining (17) is crushed and the face is excavated from the end surface (18) side of the lining (17) of the existing tunnel (22), and at the same time, the outer excavation cutter (21) An expanded shield excavation method characterized in that excavation is carried out while pressing the outer excavation cutter table (7) provided with a head toward the inner surface (32) of the tunnel to be excavated. In an expanded shield excavator that crushes the lining (17) of an existing tunnel (22) and excavates a large-diameter tunnel, a front crushing cutter table (6) that can extend forward and faces the end surface of the lining (17); And an outer excavation cutter table (7) that can be extended from the front crushing cutter table (6) toward the inner surface (32) of the tunnel to be excavated, and the front crushing cutter table (6) and the outer periphery The excavation cutter table (7) is both attached to the swivel base (8), and the swivel base (8) is rotatable through drive means (11), (23), (24). Enlarging shield drilling rig.

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