JP3631877B2 - Excavator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an excavator that excavates underground, and is particularly suitable for a tunnel boring machine or a shield excavator that excavates and forms a tunnel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional side view of a conventional tunnel boring machine, and FIG. 6 is a front view of the tunnel boring machine.
[0003]
In a tunnel boring machine (hereinafter referred to as TBM), as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the excavator body is composed of a cylindrical front cylinder 101 and a rear cylinder 102. It has a ring shape, and a cutter head 104 is rotatably mounted on the front portion by a bearing 103. A plurality of cutter spokes 105 are fixed to the cutter head 104 so as to intersect the front portion, and each cutter spoke 105 is pivotally attached with a large number of disk cutters 106 for shearing and breaking the rock mass, and scrapes the excavated surface. A scraper 107 is attached, and an opening 108 is formed adjacent to the scraper 107 to take in pieces such as crushed rock fragments and earth and sand. A ring gear 109 having internal teeth is integrally fixed to the rear portion of the cutter head 104, while an electric or hydraulic cutter turning motor 110 is fixed to the front barrel 101. The cutter turning motor 110 The drive gear 111 is engaged with the ring gear 109.
[0004]
In addition, a chamber chamber 113 is formed in the front barrel 101 by fixing the bulkhead 112 so that the shear generated by excavation does not enter inside. In the chamber chamber 113, there is disposed a screw conveyor 114 for carrying out the shearing material crushed by the disk cutter 106 to the outside.
[0005]
Therefore, when the drive gear 111 is driven to rotate by driving the cutter turning motor 110, the ring gear 109 meshed with the drive gear 111 rotates to turn the cutter head 104 integral with the ring gear 109, and each disk cutter 106 shears the ground. It can be destroyed and drilled. The scraper 107 scrapes off the excavation surface, and the generated shear can be taken into the front barrel 101 from the opening 108. The shear taken into the chamber chamber 113 from the opening 108 of the cutter head 104 can be discharged to the outside by the screw conveyor 114.
[0006]
In addition, a plurality of shield jacks 115 are arranged in the circumferential direction around the rear outer periphery of the front trunk 101, and the shield jacks 115 extend rearward in the digging direction and are installed on the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel . By pressing against the segment S, the front barrel 101 can be advanced by the reaction force. On the other hand, the front body 101 is provided with a segment erector 116. The segment erector 116 is tunneled by installing a new segment S in the space between the front body 101 advanced by the shield jack 115 and the existing segment S. Can be built. Further, the rear cylinder 102 located behind the front cylinder 101 has a ring shape, and a plurality of directional control jacks 117 are installed between the front cylinder 101 and the rear cylinder 102. By expanding and contracting the direction control jack 117, the front cylinder 101 having the cutter head 104 is bent with respect to the rear cylinder 102, and the direction of the excavation can be changed.
[0007]
In order to excavate a tunnel with the TBM configured as described above, first, the cutter turning motor 110 is driven to rotate the cutter head 104, and each shield jack 115 is extended to move the cutter head 104 together with the front barrel 101. Move forward. Then, the disk cutter 106 of the rotating cutter head 104 presses against the ground in front and shears and breaks the ground. The shear generated by excavation of the disc cutter 106 is taken into the chamber chamber 113 and discharged outside by the screw conveyor 114 .
[0008]
Thereafter, any one of the shield jacks 115 is contracted to form a space between the existing segment S, and the segment erector 116 installs a new segment S in this space to construct a tunnel. The tunnel is continuously excavated by repeating this operation.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, at the time of tunnel excavation work, the cutter head 104 is moved forward while being rotationally driven, so that a large number of disc cutters 106 shear the ground to excavate the tunnel, while the generated shear is opened 108. Was taken into the chamber chamber 113 and discharged outside by the screw conveyor 114. In this case, the size of the shear differs depending on the excavation ground. That is, in the gravel ground, it is necessary to crush the gravel and take it into the chamber chamber 113. In clay, silt, and sandy ground, the ground can be taken into the chamber chamber 113 as it is after excavation.
[0010]
At this time, the generated shear is taken into the chamber chamber 113 from each opening 108 of the cutter head 104, but this opening 108 may be somewhat large for gravel, but small for clay, silt, earth and sand, etc. There is. This is because when the excavated ground is clay, silt, or sandy ground, if the opening 108 is large, the natural ground may collapse. Therefore, in the past, we wanted to increase the opening 108 to improve shear discharge efficiency, but it had to be set small to maintain stability due to the collapse of the natural ground, which hindered the improvement of tunnel excavation efficiency. .
[0011]
This invention solves such a problem, and it aims at providing the excavator which aimed at the improvement of excavation work efficiency by taking in excavation earth and sand efficiently in an excavator main body, and discharging | emitting.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, an excavator according to the present invention comprises a tubular excavator body, propulsion means for advancing the excavator body, and a front part of the excavator body, which is mounted in a relatively reverse direction. at least one pair of drilling rotary drum rotates, the drum rotating means for rotating the set of drilling rotary drum, formed between the pair of drilling rotary drum by relatively moving said set of drilling rotary drum And a drum moving means for changing the size of the shearing opening.
[0013]
Further, the excavator of the present invention is characterized in that the excavation rotating drum can be moved laterally from the excavator body by the drum moving means with respect to the excavation direction.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0015]
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a tunnel excavator as an excavator according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, and FIG. 3 is an operating state of the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment. The schematic side surface showing is shown.
[0016]
In the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the excavator main body 11 has a rectangular tube shape, and a bulkhead 12 is fixed to the front portion. A base end portion of a pair of left and right first support frames 13 extending forward is fixed to an upper portion of the bulkhead 12, and a first excavation rotating drum is attached to a distal end portion of the first support frame 13. 14 is rotatably mounted and can be rotated in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 1 by a built-in drive motor 15. In addition, at the lower part of the bulkhead 12, base end portions of a pair of left and right second support frames 16 extending forward are supported through a seal member 17 so as to be movable back and forth, and are attached to the bulkhead 12. The movable jack 18 can be moved back and forth. A second excavation rotary drum 19 is rotatably mounted at the tip of the second support frame 16 and is driven in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 1 by the built-in drive motor 20, that is, the first excavation rotary drum 14. It can be rotated in the opposite direction.
[0017]
The two first excavation rotary drums 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19 are positioned side by side, and a gap S is formed between them. An opening for taking in the front part is formed. The excavator body 11 is provided with a soil removal device 21, and the front end portion of the soil removal device 21 passes through the bulkhead 12 and opens to the front of the excavator body 11, and the rear end portion slips off. Is connected to an unillustrated unloading device for unloading.
[0018]
Accordingly, when the drive motors 15 and 20 are driven to rotate the first excavation rotary drum 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19 in opposite directions, the excavation rotary drums 14 and 19 can excavate the ground in front. it can. Then, the generated excavated earth and sand can be taken into the front part of the excavator main body 11 from the gap S between the excavating rotary drums 14 and 19 and discharged to the outside by the earth removing device 21.
[0019]
A plurality of shield jacks 22 are juxtaposed in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the rear part of the excavator body 11, and the shield jacks 22 extend rearward in the excavation direction and are assembled to the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel . By pressing against the existing segment S, the excavator body 11 can be advanced by the reaction force. A segment erector (not shown) is provided at the rear of the excavator body 11, and this segment erector places a new segment S in the space between the excavator body 11 advanced by the shield jack 22 and the existing segment S. You can install it to build a tunnel.
[0020]
In order to excavate a tunnel with the tunnel excavator of this embodiment configured as above, first, the drive motors 15 and 20 are driven, and the first excavation rotary drum 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19 are moved as shown in FIG. Driven in the direction of the arrow. At the same time, each shield jack 22 is extended by a predetermined stroke, and the excavator body 11 is advanced by the pressing reaction force against the existing segment S. Then, the first excavation rotary drum 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19 that are rotationally driven in opposite directions are brought into pressure contact with the ground in front and excavate the ground. The shear generated by the excavation of the excavation rotating drums 14 and 19 is taken into the front portion of the excavator main body 11 through the gap S between the two and discharged to the outside by the earth removing device 21.
[0021]
Thereafter, any one of the shield jacks 22 is contracted to form a space between the existing segment S, and the segment erector installs a new segment S in this space to construct a tunnel. The tunnel is continuously excavated by repeating this operation.
[0022]
By the way, in the tunnel excavator of this embodiment, the magnitude | size of the clearance gap S between the excavation rotary drums 14 and 19 can be changed according to the geology of excavation ground. That is, when the geology of the excavated ground is soft such as clay, silt, earth and sand, there is a risk of collapse of the natural ground, and as shown in FIG. 1, this gap S is made small. On the other hand, when the geology of the excavated ground is gravel and there is no risk of collapse of the natural ground, the gap S is increased as shown in FIG. In this case, by extending the moving jack 18 and moving the second excavation rotary drum 19 together with the second support frame 16, the clearance S between the first excavation rotary drum 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19 is increased. Can be bigger. Therefore, in this state, when each of the excavating rotary drums 14 and 19 is rotationally driven in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3 and each shield jack 22 is extended by a predetermined stroke, the excavator body 11 moves forward, and the excavating rotary drums 14 and 19 The ground is excavated by press-contacting the ground in front and shearing it. Gravel generated by excavation of the excavation rotary drums 14 and 19 is taken into the front part of the excavator main body 11 through a large gap S and discharged to the outside by the earth removing device 21.
[0023]
FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of a tunnel excavator as an excavator according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the member which has the same function as what was demonstrated in the above-mentioned 1st Embodiment, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.
[0024]
In the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the base end portion of the first support frame 13 is fixed to the upper part of the bulkhead 12 fixed to the excavator body 11, and the first support frame 13 The first excavation rotary drum 14 can be driven and rotated by a drive motor 15 at the front end portion thereof. In addition, at the lower part of the bulkhead 12, base end portions of a pair of left and right second support frames 31 extending forward are supported by a support shaft 32 so as to be rotatable up and down, and are attached to the bulkhead 12. The rotary jack 33 can be turned up and down. The second excavation rotary drum 19 can be driven and rotated by the drive motor 20 at the tip of the second support frame 31.
[0025]
The two first excavation rotary drums 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19 are positioned side by side, and a gap S is formed between them. An opening for taking in the front part is formed. Further, the lower part of the second excavation rotating drum 19 can protrude outward from the excavator body 11, and a copy cutter is formed by changing the outward protrusion amount as necessary.
[0026]
Accordingly, when the drive motors 15 and 20 are driven to rotate the first excavation rotary drum 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. The excavator main body 11 moves forward by the pressing reaction force against. Then, the 1st excavation rotary drum 14 and the 2nd excavation rotary drum 19 which are rotationally driven in the mutually opposite direction press-contact with a front ground, and this ground is excavated. The shear generated by the excavation of the excavation rotating drums 14 and 19 is taken into the front portion of the excavator main body 11 through the gap S between the two and discharged to the outside by the earth removing device 21.
[0027]
At this time, when the geology of the excavated ground is soft, such as clay, silt, or earth and sand, the gap S is reduced to prevent the collapse of the natural ground. When there is no risk of collapse, the clearance S is increased to improve the excavation efficiency of excavated earth and sand. In this case, the first excavation rotary drum 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19 are moved by expanding and contracting the rotary jack 33 and rotating the second support frame 31 to move the second excavation rotary drum 19 upward or downward. The gap S between the two can be changed.
[0028]
Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the present embodiment, the second excavation rotary drum 19 can be used for overexcavation. That is, by extending the rotary jack 33 and rotating the second support frame 31 downward to move the second excavation rotary drum 19 downward, the second excavation rotary drum 19 is moved from the excavator main body 11 to P only. A tunnel having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the excavator body 11 can be excavated by projecting outward.
[0029]
In each of the above-described embodiments, only one of the second excavating rotary drums 19 can be moved back and forth or moved up and down, but both the first and second rotary drums 14 and 19 can be moved back and forth. Alternatively, it may be movable up and down. Further, three or more excavation rotating drums may be provided at the front portion of the excavator body 11. Furthermore, although the rotary drums 14 and 19 can be driven and rotated with a horizontal axis, the rotary drums 14 and 19 may be driven and rotated with a vertical axis.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail in the embodiment, according to the excavator of the present invention, the tubular excavator body, the propelling means for moving the excavator body forward, and the front part of the excavator body are mounted relative to each other. to at least one pair of drilling rotary drum rotates in the opposite direction, and the drum rotating means for rotating the set of drilling rotary drum, excavation of the pair by relatively moving said set of drilling rotary drum Since the drum moving means for changing the size of the shearing opening formed between the rotating drums is provided, the size of the shearing opening between the excavating and rotating drums can be changed according to the geology of the excavating ground. can be discharged capture excavated soil efficiently excavator body, it is possible to improve the drilling efficiency.
[0031]
Further, according to the excavator of the present invention, the excavation rotating drum can be moved laterally from the excavator body by the drum moving means with respect to the excavation direction. Tunnels with a diameter larger than the diameter can be excavated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a tunnel excavator as an excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view showing an operating state of the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a tunnel excavator as an excavator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional side view of a conventional tunnel boring machine.
FIG. 6 is a front view of a conventional tunnel boring machine.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Excavator main body 12 Bulk head 13 1st support frame 14 1st excavation rotary drum 15 Drive motor 16 2nd support frame 17 Seal member 18 Moving jack (drum moving means)
19 Second excavation rotating drum 20 Drive motor 22 Shield jack (propulsion means)
31 Second support frame 33 Rotating jack (drum moving means)
S gap (opening)

Claims (2)

A cylindrical excavator body, propulsion means for advancing the excavator body, at least one pair of excavation rotating drums mounted on the front portion of the excavator body and rotating in a relatively opposite direction ; A drum rotating means for driving and rotating the excavation rotating drum and a drum movement for changing the size of the shearing opening formed between the pair of excavating rotating drums by relatively moving the pair of excavating rotating drums Excavator characterized by comprising means. 2. The excavator according to claim 1, wherein the excavation rotating drum is movable laterally from the excavator body by the drum moving unit with respect to the excavation direction.

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